Survival and Developmental Outcomes of Neonates Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between the primary indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonates and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 and 24 months of age.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study of neonates treated with ECMO between January 2006 and January 2016 in the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia newborn/infant intensive care unit. Primary indication for ECMO was classified as medical (eg, meconium aspiration syndrome) or surgical (eg, congenital diaphragmatic hernia).

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: An Analysis of the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network Registry.

Objective: To investigate racial and ethnic differences in pulmonary hypertension subtypes and survival differences in a pediatric population.

Study Design: This was a retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with pulmonary hypertension (aged ≤18 years) enrolled in the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network registry between 2014 and 2018, comprising patients at eight Pediatric Centers throughout North America (n = 1417).

Results: Among children diagnosed after the neonatal period, pulmonary arterial hypertension was more prevalent among Asians (OR, 1.

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor decreases extracellular matrix synthesis in stretched renal fibroblasts.

Background/aims: Both TGF-beta and cyclooxygenase-2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Cyclic tensile stretch has been used in vitro to mimic the changes in intrarenal pressure in UUO. We sought to determine the effect of meloxicam (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) on extracellular matrix and TGF-beta synthesis in stretched renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F).

Dietary L-arginine supplementation improves the glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow after 24 hours of unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats.

Purpose: Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) results in a significant change in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 24 hours. The intake of L-arginine, a substrate of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS), can augment NO production. NO can maintain renal function through its vasodilatory action.

Effect of UUO on D1aR expression reveals a link among dopamine, transforming growth factor-beta, and nitric oxide.

Interactions between transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and nitric oxide (NO) are important in the pathophysiology of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Dopamine (DA) is a vasoactive renal mediator active at the D(1A) receptor (D(1A)R), which has not been studied in UUO; therefore, we examined the interactions among DA, TGF-beta, and NO in UUO. In vivo, UUO was carried out in rats with or without concurrent treatment with 1D11, a monoclonal antibody to TGF-beta, for 14 days.