Survival After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: Development of a Fair Machine Learning Model.

Background: Prediction models based on machine learning (ML) methods are being increasingly developed and adopted in health care. However, these models may be prone to bias and considered unfair if they demonstrate variable performance in population subgroups. An unfair model is of particular concern in bladder cancer, where disparities have been identified in sex and racial subgroups.

Utility of ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of postoperative complications following upper extremity tendon repair.

Operated tendons are impacted by an inciting trauma and the subsequent treatment and will never again appear as they were prior to the insult. Post-operative tendons have unique ultrasound (US) findings that can be helpful to the surgeon in evaluating the success of repair, status of healing and confirmation that the repair remains intact. The advantage of US over physical exam or other imaging modalities is that it offers both static and dynamic assessment.

A feasibility model for restructuring the role of the hand surgeon taking call at a level I trauma center.

Background: The discrepancy between the volume of hand-related consults and the concurrent lack of specialized hand surgeons available continues to strain an overburdened system. Recent attention has focused on the redistribution of this workload towards management in the outpatient realm.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of hand consults for the plastic surgery service over summer and winter intervals at a Level I trauma center.

Imlunestrant with or without Abemaciclib in Advanced Breast Cancer.

Background: Imlunestrant is a next-generation, brain-penetrant, oral selective estrogen-receptor (ER) degrader that delivers continuous ER inhibition, even in cancers with mutations in the gene encoding ERα ().

Methods: In a phase 3, open-label trial, we enrolled patients with ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer that recurred or progressed during or after aromatase inhibitor therapy, administered alone or with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor. Patients were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive imlunestrant, standard endocrine monotherapy, or imlunestrant-abemaciclib.

Autoimmune Hepatitis and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Nationwide Perspective.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is linked to worse outcomes in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD). However, data in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain limited.

Aims: We aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the outcomes of individuals with AIH.

Bio-Interventional Cyclodialysis and Allograft Scleral Reinforcement for Uveoscleral Outflow Enhancement in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients: One-Year Clinical Outcomes.

Background: To evaluate the one-year safety and effectiveness of bio-interventional cyclodialysis and scleral reinforcement in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods: An ab-interno approach was used to create a sectoral cyclodialysis in OAG patients who were prospectively followed in a consecutive case series. Subsequent visco-cycloplasty with scleral reinforcement using homologous minimally modified allograft scaffold was completed to maintain patency of the cyclodialysis reservoir and increase uveoscleral outflow.

The use of automated insulin delivery around physical activity and exercise in type 1 diabetes: a position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD).

Regular physical activity and exercise (PA) are cornerstones of diabetes care for individuals with type 1 diabetes. In recent years, the availability of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems has improved the ability of people with type 1 diabetes to achieve the recommended glucose target ranges. PA provide additional health benefits but can cause glucose fluctuations, which challenges current AID systems.

Influence of Common Medications on Diabetic Macular Edema in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of systemic medications, including GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), fenofibrates, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), on the risk of developing diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records (EMR) data from the TriNetX health research network, covering a period from October 2004-2024.

Participants: The study population comprised patients diagnosed with T2DM who were newly initiated on GLP-1 RAs, fenofibrates, TZDs, or CCBs.

The potential role of retinal slip in National Football League (NFL) officiating and its effect on on-field decision making: mechanisms and countermeasures.

Visual processing involves numerous neuro-ophthalmic pathways that enable humans to perceive and interact with the world. These visual pathways can negatively impact visual perception and decision-making. The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) is a compensatory mechanism that stabilizes gaze on a target during head movement, such as running or turning.

The optic nerve in spaceflight: novel concepts in the pathogenesis of optic disc edema in microgravity.

Purpose Of Review: Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) encompasses a unique constellation of neuro-ocular findings in astronauts, including optic disc edema (ODE), globe flattening, chorioretinal folds, and hyperopic refractive shift. Although there are numerous neuro-ocular findings in SANS, the purpose of this review is to describe the novel, emerging concepts of the pathogenesis for the ODE specifically in SANS.

Recent Findings: While the initial hypotheses on the pathogenesis of ODE in SANS focused on possible elevated intracranial pressures (i.

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) after venous sinus stent (VSS) for presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH): A case report and literature review.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare but significant intracranial vascular malformations that are usually idiopathic and can lead to severe complications like venous hypertension and intracranial hemorrhage. We present 2 cases of DAVF occurring after venous sinus stenting (VSS) for presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in a 51-year-old and a 52-year-old female. In both patients, Cognard type 1 DAVF was detected by Catheter angiography and successfully obliterated with Onyx™ embolization.