The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases.

The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, over 350,000 new chemical substances have been introduced to the lives of humans. In recent years, the epithelial barrier theory came to light explaining the growing prevalence and exacerbations of these diseases worldwide.

A Comprehensive and Broad Approach to Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Adult Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background And Purpose: Several recent works using resting-state fMRI suggest possible alterations of resting-state functional connectivity after mild traumatic brain injury. However, the literature is plagued by various analysis approaches and small study cohorts, resulting in an inconsistent array of reported findings. In this study, we aimed to investigate differences in whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity between adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury within 1 month of injury and healthy control subjects using several comprehensive resting-state functional connectivity measurement methods and analyses.

A Bivalent Omicron-BA.4/BA.5-Adapted BNT162b2 Booster in ≥12-Year-Olds.

Background: Protection against contemporary severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants requires sequence-adapted vaccines.

Methods: In this ongoing phase 2/3 trial, 12-17-year-olds (n = 108), 18-55-year-olds (n = 313), and >55-year-olds (n = 306) who previously received 3 original BNT162b2 30-µg doses, received a fourth dose (second booster) of 30-µg bivalent original/Omicron-BA.4/BA.

Phage display uncovers a sequence motif that drives polypeptide binding to a conserved regulatory exosite of O-GlcNAc transferase.

The modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins by -linked N-acetylglucosamine (-GlcNAc) is an important regulator of cell physiology. -GlcNAc is installed on over a thousand proteins by just one enzyme, -GlcNAc transferase (OGT). How OGT is regulated is therefore a topic of interest.

Identifying Content for an Item Bank to Measure the Quality-of-Life Impact of Myopia Refractive Interventions.

Purpose: To report on the content generation and item refinement phases for a myopia refractive intervention-specific quality-of-life (QoL) item bank that will be operationalized using computerized adaptive testing.

Methods: Myopia refractive intervention-specific QoL domains and items were generated from (1) a literature search of existing refractive-intervention QoL questionnaires; (2) semistructured interviews with myopic patients corrected using spectacles, contact lenses and/or refractive surgery (n = 32); (3) and myopia experts (n = 9) recruited from the Singapore National Eye Centre. After a thematic analysis, items were systematically refined and tested using cognitive interviews with 24 additional patients with corrected myopia.

Rheology of supercooled P-Se glass-forming liquids: From networks to molecules and the emergence of power-law relaxation behavior.

The effect of the network-to-molecular structural transformation with increasing phosphorus content in PSe (30 ≤ x ≤ 67) supercooled liquids on their shear-mechanical response is investigated using oscillatory shear rheometry. While network liquids with 30 ≤ x ≤ 40 are characterized by shear relaxation via a network bond scission/renewal process, a Maxwell scaling of the storage (G') and loss (G″) shear moduli, and a frequency-independent viscosity at low frequencies, a new relaxation process emerges in liquids with intermediate compositions (45 ≤ x ≤ 50). This process is attributed to an interconversion between network and molecular structural moieties.

3D velocity map imaging of electrons with TPX3CAM.

We demonstrate three-dimensional velocity map imaging of low energy electrons using a TPX3CAM, where the three-dimensional momentum information [p, p, p] is encoded in position and timing [x, y, t] of hits on the camera sensor. We make use of the camera sensor for the [x, y] information and a constant fraction discriminator and fast time to digital converter in the camera for the time information. We illustrate the capabilities of our apparatus by presenting above threshold ionization measurements of xenon, which produces well defined structures in the momentum resolved photoelectron yield.

Pseudo-atomic orbital behavior in graphene nanoribbons with four-membered rings.

The incorporation of nonhexagonal rings into graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is an effective strategy for engineering localized electronic states, bandgaps, and magnetic properties. Here, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of nanoribbons having four-membered ring (cyclobutadienoid) linkages by using an on-surface synthesis approach involving direct contact transfer of coronene-type precursors followed by thermally assisted [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The resulting coronene-cyclobutadienoid nanoribbons feature a narrow 600-meV bandgap and novel electronic frontier states that can be interpreted as linear chains of effective p and p pseudo-atomic orbitals.

Defining "Doctor Shopping" with Dispensing Data: A Scoping Review.

Background: "Doctor shopping" typically refers to patients that seek controlled substance prescriptions from multiple providers with the presumed intent to obtain these medications for non-medical use and/or diversion. The purpose of this scoping review is to document and examine the criteria used to identify "doctor shopping" from dispensing data in the United States.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted on "doctor shopping" or analogous terminology from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2020, using the Web of Science Core Collection (seven citation indexes).

Compositional Evolution of the Structure and Connectivity in Binary P-Se Glasses: Results from 2D Multinuclear NMR and Raman Spectroscopy.

The atomic structure of binary PSe glasses with 5 ≤ ≤ 70 is investigated using Raman spectroscopy and two-dimensional Se and P isotropic/anisotropic correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These spectroscopic results, when taken together, demonstrate that the structure of PSe glasses with ≤ 50 consists primarily of -Se-Se-Se- chain elements, pyramidal P(Se) units, ethylene-like SeP-PSe units, and Se=P(Se) tetrahedral units. The chain structure of Se becomes increasingly cross-linked by P-Se polyhedral units, and the degree of connectivity increases with a progressive increase in P content up to ∼ 50, at which point the -Se-Se-Se- chain elements completely disappear, and the structure becomes highly rigid.

Realization of nearly dispersionless bands with strong orbital anisotropy from destructive interference in twisted bilayer MoS.

Recently, the twist angle between adjacent sheets of stacked van der Waals materials emerged as a new knob to engineer correlated states of matter in two-dimensional heterostructures in a controlled manner, giving rise to emergent phenomena such as superconductivity or correlated insulating states. Here, we use an ab initio based approach to characterize the electronic properties of twisted bilayer MoS. We report that, in marked contrast to twisted bilayer graphene, slightly hole-doped MoS realizes a strongly asymmetric p-p Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice, with two almost entirely dispersionless bands emerging due to destructive interference.

Venus' Mass Spectra Show Signs of Disequilibria in the Middle Clouds.

We present a re-examination of mass spectral data obtained from the Pioneer Venus Large Probe Neutral Mass Spectrometer. Our interpretations of differing trace chemical species are suggestive of redox disequilibria in Venus' middle clouds. Assignments to the data (at 51.

Light-Induced Paramagnetism in Colloidal Ag-Doped CdSe Nanoplatelets.

We describe a study of the magneto-optical properties of Ag-doped CdSe colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) that were grown using a novel doping technique. In this work, we used magnetic circularly polarized luminescence and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy to study light-induced magnetism for the first time in 2D solution-processed structures doped with nominally nonmagnetic Ag impurities. The excitonic circular polarization () and the exciton Zeeman splitting () were recorded as a function of the magnetic field () and temperature ().

Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton-proton collisions at with the CMS and TOTEM experiments.

Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss and the four-momentum transfer squared . Both processes and , i.e.

Erythrocyte omega-3 index, ambient fine particle exposure, and brain aging.

Objective: To examine whether long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn3PUFA) levels modify the potential neurotoxic effects of particle matter with diameters <2.5 µm (PM) exposure on normal-appearing brain volumes among dementia-free elderly women.

Methods: A total of 1,315 women (age 65-80 years) free of dementia were enrolled in an observational study between 1996 and 1999 and underwent structural brain MRI in 2005 to 2006.

Visualizing Oxidation Mechanisms in Few-Layered Black Phosphorus via Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Layered two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) exhibits novel semiconducting properties including a tunable bandgap and high electron mobility. However, the poor stability of BP in ambient environment severely limits potential for application in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. While passivation or encapsulation of BP using inert materials/polymers has emerged as a plausible solution, a detailed fundamental understanding of BP's reaction with oxygen is imperative to rationally advance its use in applications.

High Precision Electronic Spectroscopy of Ligand-Protected Gold Nanoclusters: Effects of Composition, Environment, and Ligand Chemistry.

Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are a class of nanomaterials valued for their electronic properties and diverse structural features. While the advent of X-ray crystallography of AuNCs has revealed their geometric structures with high precision, detailed electronic structure analysis is challenged by environmental, compositional, and thermal averaging effects present in electronic spectra of typical samples. To circumvent these challenges, we have adapted mass spectrometer-based electronic absorption spectroscopy techniques to acquire high-resolution electronic spectra of atomically precisely defined nanoclusters separated from a synthetic mixture.

High-Valent d Ni versus d Cu Oxidants in PCET.

Oxygenases have been postulated to utilize d Fe and d Cu oxidants in proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) hydrocarbon oxidation. In order to explore the influence the metal ion and d-electron count can hold over the PCET reactivity, two metastable high-valent metal-oxygen adducts, [Ni(OAc)(L)] () and [Cu(OAc)(L)] (), L = ,-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamidate, were prepared from their low-valent precursors [Ni(OAc)(L)] () and [Cu(OAc)(L)] (). The complexes /-/ were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and absorption spectroscopies and mass spectrometry.