Revolutionizing Cardiology: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Echocardiography.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in echocardiography represents a transformative advancement in cardiology, addressing longstanding challenges in cardiac diagnostics. Echocardiography has traditionally been limited by operator-dependent variability and subjective interpretation, which impact diagnostic reliability. This study evaluates the role of AI, particularly machine learning (ML), in enhancing the accuracy and consistency of echocardiographic image analysis and its potential to complement clinical expertise.

Evaluating ChatGPT-4 for the Interpretation of Images from Several Diagnostic Techniques in Gastroenterology.

Several artificial intelligence systems based on large language models (LLMs) have been commercially developed, with recent interest in integrating them for clinical questions. Recent versions now include image analysis capacity, but their performance in gastroenterology remains untested. This study assesses ChatGPT-4's performance in interpreting gastroenterology images.

Assessing Attitudes and Perceptions of High-Risk, Low-Resource Communities Towards Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Public-Access Defibrillation.

Layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use are vital for improving survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet their application varies by community demographics. We evaluated the concerns and factors influencing willingness to perform CPR and use AEDs among laypersons in high-risk, low-resource communities. From April 2022 to March 2024, laypersons in Northern Manhattan's Community District 12 completed surveys assessing their attitudes toward CPR and AED use before attending Hands-Only CPR training.

Biodegradable Stents in the Treatment of Arterial Stenosis.

Arterial diseases (ADs) are a significant health problem, with high mortality and morbidity rates. Endovascular interventions, such as balloon angioplasty (BA), bare-metal stents (BMSs), drug-eluting stents (DESs) and drug-coated balloons (DCBs), have made significant progress in their treatments. However, the issue has not been fully resolved, with restenosis remaining a major concern.

Real-Time Biomarkers of Liver Graft Quality in Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion.

: Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion has emerged as a strategy to alleviate ischemic-reperfusion injury in liver grafts. Nevertheless, there is limited data on the effectiveness of hypothermic liver perfusion in evaluating organ quality. This study aimed to introduce a readily accessible real-time predictive biomarker measured in machine perfusate for post-transplant liver graft function.

Model-Assisted Spleen Contouring for Assessing Splenomegaly in Myelofibrosis: A Fast and Reproducible Approach to Evaluate Progression and Treatment Response.

: Accurate and reproducible spleen volume measurements are essential for assessing treatment response and disease progression in myelofibrosis. This study evaluates techniques for measuring spleen volume on abdominal MRI. : In 20 patients with bone marrow biopsy-proven myelofibrosis, 5 observers independently measured spleen volume on 3 abdominal MRI pulse sequences, 3D-spoiled gradient echo T1, axial single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) T2, and coronal SSFSE T2, using ellipsoidal approximation, manual contouring, and 3D nnU-Net model-assisted contouring comparing coefficients of variation.

NMR and MD Simulations of Non-Ionic Surfactants.

Non-ionic surfactants are an important solvent in the field of green chemistry with tremendous application potential. Understanding their phase properties in bulk or in confined environments is of high commercial value. In recent years, the combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with multinuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopy and calorimetric techniques has evolved into the most powerful tool for their investigation.

Stereoelectronic Effect of Protecting Groups on the Stability of Galactosyl Donor Intermediates.

Using methods of DFT, we investigated the effect of electron withdrawing and electron donating groups on the relative stability of tentative glycosyl donor reaction intermediates. The calculation shows that by changing the stereoelectronic properties of the protecting group, we can influence the stability of the dioxolenium type of intermediates by up to 10 kcal mol, and that by increasing nucleophillicity of the 4--Bz group, the dioxolenium intermediate becomes more stable than a triflate-donor pair. We exploited this mechanism to design galactosyl donors with custom protecting groups on O2 and O4, and investigated the outcome of the reaction with cyclohexanol.

Clinical Outcomes and Patterns of Traumatic Injuries Associated with Subway Incidents at a Level 1 Trauma Center.

Objectives: Subway-related accidents have risen with advancements in the system. We aim to study the injury patterns from these incidents.

Methods: This is a retrospective study from a single center, covering patients from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2023.

Relationship of Biochemical and Sonographic Markers with Disease Severity in Rosacea Patients Without Cardiovascular Disease.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by central facial redness, papulopustular lesions, and occasionally phymatous changes. There is ongoing debate regarding rosacea as a cutaneous disease with systemic inflammatory effects and its associations with cardiovascular diseases. Although the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and rosacea demonstrate notable similarities, particularly in the central role of inflammation, significant gaps in understanding these connections remain.

UHPC Viability for Nuclear Storage Facilities: Synthesis and Critical Review of Durability, Thermal, and Nuclear Properties for Informed Mix Modifications.

Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from the United States' nuclear power plants has been placed in dry cask storage systems since the 1980s. Due to the lack of a clear path for permanent geological repository for SNF, consolidated and long-term storage solutions that use durable concrete and avoid current aging and licensing challenges are becoming indispensable. Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a rapidly growing advanced concrete solution with superior mechanical and durability properties that can help realize future resilient nuclear storage facilities.

Equation for Calculation of Critical Current Density Using the Bean's Model with Self-Consistent Magnetic Units to Prevent Unit Conversion Errors.

This study analyzes the calculation of the critical current density by means of Bean's critical state model, using the equation formulated by Gyorgy et al. and other similar equations derived from it reported in the literature. While estimations of using Bean's model are widely performed, improper use of different equations with different magnetic units and pre-factors leads to confusion and to significant errors in the reported values of .

Soy Isoflavone Genistein Enhances Tamoxifen Sensitivity in Breast Cancer via microRNA and Glucose Metabolism Modulation.

Breast cancer treatment has advanced significantly, particularly for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. Tamoxifen, an estrogen antagonist, is widely used; however, approximately 40% of patients develop resistance. Recent studies indicate that microRNAs, especially miR-155, play a critical role in this resistance.

White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management.

White mold, caused by the fungal pathogen (Lib.) de Bary, is a significant biotic stress impacting horticultural and field crops worldwide. This disease causes plants to wilt and ultimately die, resulting in considerable yield losses.

Sleep Genetics and Cognitive Changes over Time: The Moderating Effect of Age and the Role of Brain.

Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive performance and cognitive changes in aging. In the current study, we investigated the role of sleep duration genetics in cognitive changes over time and the moderating effect of age.

Methods: Participants were drawn from the Reference Abilities Neural Network and the Cognitive Reserve studies of Columbia University.

MET Activation in Lung Cancer and Response to Targeted Therapies.

The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that mediates the activity of a variety of downstream pathways upon its activation. These pathways regulate various physiological processes within the cell, including growth, survival, proliferation, and motility. Under normal physiological conditions, this allows MET to regulate various development and regenerative processes; however, mutations resulting in aberrant MET activity and the consequent dysregulation of downstream signaling can contribute to cellular pathophysiology.

The HOX Gene Family's Role as Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers in Hematological and Solid Tumors.

The HOX gene family encodes for regulatory transcription factors that play a crucial role in embryogenesis and differentiation of adult cells. This highly conserved family of genes consists of thirty-nine genes in humans that are located in four clusters, A-D, on different chromosomes. While early studies on the HOX gene family have been focused on embryonic development and its related disorders, research has shifted to examine aberrant expression of HOX genes and the subsequent implication in cancer prediction and progression.

Incidence and Prevalence of Bone Metastases in Different Solid Tumors Determined by Natural Language Processing of CT Reports.

Background/objectives: Improved survival due to advances in medical therapy has resulted in increasing numbers of cancer patients living with bone metastases; however, our understanding of the prognostic implications of bone metastases requires larger population-based studies outlining their incidence and prevalence in different primary cancer types, including those with lower incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of bone metastases in solid organ tumors by analyzing reports of staging CT studies with natural language processing (NLP).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 639,470 reports representing 129,326 unique patients were analyzed; 6279 randomly selected reports were manually annotated and labeled for the presence or absence of bone metastases.

An Updated Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of First-Line Triplet vs. Doublet Therapies for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

: The addition of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with or without docetaxel (Doc), is currently recommended for metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Recently, the ARANOTE trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of Darolutamide + ADT in this setting. We aimed to update a network meta-analysis (NMA) of these combination therapies.

Child Maltreatment and Medical Traumatic Stress-A Double-Edged Sword.

Background/objectives: Medical procedures can be a traumatic event for both children and their parents. Children who have experienced maltreatment or early traumatic experiences are at a higher risk for various emotional, behavioral, and health issues, including declining mental health. This may include experiencing heightened distress following medical procedures.

Acupuncture and Kinesitherapy Improve Physical Activity More than Kinesitherapy Alone in Patients with Acute Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Who Are Already on Optimal Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Study.

: It is unknown how early exercise therapy combined with acupuncture (AP) affects the speed of recovery in patients suffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who are hospitalized due to worsening HF. : A prospective, sham-procedure-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial with three patient groups was conducted. The study included patients with HFrEF who were hospitalized for worsening HF.

County-Level Food Insecurity and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Food insecurity (FI) is associated with several known hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk factors, but few studies have directly examined FI in association with HCC risk. We aimed to investigate whether county-level FI is associated with HCC risk. We used data from 21 registries in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database to obtain county-level counts of HCC cases from 2018 to 2021.

Using a Safe System Framework to Examine the Roadway Mortality Increase Pre-COVID-19 and in the COVID-19 Era in New York State.

Roadway mortality increased during COVID-19, reversing a multi-decade downward trend. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) was used to examine contributing factors pre-COVID-19 and in the COVID-19 era using the five pillars of the Safe System framework: (1) road users; (2) vehicles; (3) roadways; (4) speed; and (5) post-crash care. Two study time periods were matched to control for seasonality differences pre-COVID-19 ( = 1725, 1 April 2018-31 December 2019) and in the COVID-19 era ( = 2010, 1 April 2020-31 December 2021) with a three-month buffer period between the two time frames excluded.

Waste and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Produced from Ophthalmic Surgeries: A Scoping Review.

(1) Background: Healthcare is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially within the surgical suite. Ophthalmologists play a role, since they frequently perform high-volume procedures, such as cataract surgery. This review aims to summarize the current literature on surgical waste and GHG emissions in ophthalmology and proposes a framework to standardize future studies.

The Safety Profile of Inclisiran in Patients with Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Inclisiran is a novel drug that employs ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference to lower the levels of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) protein. It has demonstrated a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol levels compared to a placebo. We aim to comprehensively evaluate the safety of using Inclisiran in patients with dyslipidemia and ASCVD or an ASCVD risk equivalent.