Development of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in US recipients of liver transplant is influenced by OPTN region.

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients (LTRs). We used the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database to compare the incidence of developing PTDM across the United States and develop a risk prediction model for new-onset PTDM using OPTN region as well as donor-related, recipient-related, and transplant-related factors. All US adult, primary, deceased donor, LTRs between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016, with no prior history of diabetes noted, were identified.

Sex and Gender Considerations in Orthopaedic Research: Existing Barriers, What's Needed by Institutions and Research Departments, and How to Guide Junior Investigators and Faculty.

JBJS convened a symposium to discuss the reporting of sex and gender in research studies as an imperative to improve research methods and results to benefit all patients. Barriers to improved reporting include a lack of societal and cultural acceptance of its need; a lack of education regarding appropriate terminology and appropriate statistical methods and efficient study designs; a need for increased research funding to support larger group sizes; unknown concordance of cell and animal models with humans to reflect biologic variables such as sex; and a lack of understanding of key considerations of gender, race, and other social determinants of health and how these factors intersect. Attention to developing and disseminating best-practice statistical methods and to educating investigators (at all career levels), reviewers, funders, editors, and staff in their proper implementation will aid reporting.

Correction of L5 Tilt in 2-Row Vertebral Body Tethering Versus Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare the correction of fractional curve and L5 tilt in 2RVBT versus PSF with LIV in the lumbar spine.

Summary Of Background Data: Vertebral body tethering, an AIS fusion-alternative, avoids rigid constructs, allowing for lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) selection.

The First Triple Agonist for Antiobesity: Retatrutide.

The prevalence of individuals with overweight and obesity has increased by 18% since 1990 and it is projected that by 2030, nearly 50% of US adults will have obesity. Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, typically lead to approximately 3-5% weight loss, whereas 5-15% weight loss is necessary to significantly impact obesity-associated comorbidities and improve overall health outcomes. In addition to lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy has been utilized as an adjunctive treatment to increase weight loss and improve health outcomes.

Beyond the Local Effect: An Examination of Cardiovascular and Other Systemic Complications of Ophthalmologic Drugs.

Ophthalmologic drugs may be delivered to the eye via a number of ways, including topical drops and gels, intraocular injections, and parenteral or oral administration. The inadvertent systemic absorption of these drugs may lead to a myriad of side effects, ranging from benign cosmetic changes to potentially fatal cardiovascular complications. Historically, glaucoma treatment, including β-blockers and α-agonists, have been particularly examined for such events.

Accuracy of a Rapid-Response EEG's Automated Seizure-Burden Estimator: AccuRASE Study.

Background And Objectives: The use of rapid response EEG (rr-EEG) has recently expanded in limited-resource settings and as a supplement to conventional EEG to rapidly detect and treat nonconvulsive status epilepticus. The study objective was to test the accuracy of an rr-EEG's automated seizure burden estimator (ASBE).

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study using multiple blinded reviewers.

Characterizing patterns of opioid prescribing after outpatient ventral hernia repair with mesh.

Purpose: Despite efforts to minimize opioid prescribing, outpatient ventral hernia repair (VHR) with mesh remains notoriously painful, often requiring postoperative opioid analgesia. Here, we aim to characterize patterns of opioid prescribing for the heterogenous group of patients and procedures that comprise mesh-based, outpatient VHR.

Methods: The Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative registry was queried for patients undergoing VHR with mesh who were discharged the same or next day between January 2019 to October 2023.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Over a Million Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Seven Countries: Multinational Cohort Study and Open Data Resource.

Background And Aims: Observational healthcare data are an important tool for delineating patients' inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) journey in real-world settings. However, studies that characterize IBD cohorts typically rely on a single resource, apply diverse eligibility criteria, and extract variable sets of attributes, making comparison between cohorts challenging. We aim to longitudinally describe and compare IBD patient cohorts across multiple geographic regions, employing unified data and analysis framework.

A configurable two-tone electron spin resonance spectrometer.

Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a powerful tool for characterizing and manipulating spin systems, but commercial ESR spectrometers can be inflexible and designed to work in narrow frequency bands. This work presents a spectrometer built from off-the-shelf parts that, when coupled with easy-to-design resonators, enables ESR over a broad frequency range, including at frequencies outside the standard bands. It can operate at either a single frequency or at two frequencies simultaneously.

Clinician Perspectives on the Management of Hearing Loss in Patients With Limited English Proficiency.

Objective: Clinicians face challenges in managing the growing population of patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) and hearing loss (HL) in the United States. This study seeks to investigate provider perspectives on evaluating, counseling, and treating HL in LEP patients.

Study Design: Prospective descriptive study.

Comparative bioacoustics of multiple eastern versus western songbird pairs in North America reveals a gradient of song divergence.

Vocalizations are one of the key premating reproductive barriers that could affect species formation. In song-learning birds, vocal traits are sometimes overlooked in species delimitation, as compared to morphological or plumage-based differences. In this study, we assessed geographic variation in songs of eight pairs of oscines on two scales: (1) comparing primary songs of species/subspecies pairs whose breeding grounds are eastern and western counterparts of each other in the continental North America, and (2) for each counterpart, identifying and comparing possible variation among their populations.

Molecular Testing for the World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors: A Review.

Importance: Molecular techniques, including next-generation sequencing, genomic copy number profiling, fusion transcript detection, and genomic DNA methylation arrays, are now indispensable tools for the workup of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Yet there remains a great deal of heterogeneity in using such biomarker testing across institutions and hospital systems. This is in large part because there is a persistent reluctance among third-party payers to cover molecular testing.

An interkinetic envelope surrounds chromosomes between meiosis I and II in C. elegans oocytes.

At the end of cell division, the nuclear envelope reassembles around the decondensing chromosomes. Female meiosis culminates in two consecutive cell divisions of the oocyte, meiosis I and II, which are separated by a brief transition phase known as interkinesis. Due to the absence of chromosome decondensation and the suppression of genome replication during interkinesis, it has been widely assumed that the nuclear envelope does not reassemble between meiosis I and II.

Treatments and Treatment Predictors in Patients With Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: First Results From the International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS).

Treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with a substance use disorder (SUD) and comorbid ADHD (SUD +ADHD) may have positive effects on the outcome of both conditions, but controversy exists regarding the preferred ADHD treatment in these patients. Little is known about the treatments that are provided for these patients in routine addiction care practice and the factors that are associated with treatment provision. To describe the treatments provided in everyday clinical practice and to explore factors associated with ADHD treatment provision in patients with SUD +ADHD.

Caring for Patients Seeking Asylum: Early Data From the Safety Net System in New York City.

Context: Over 200 000 people seeking asylum have arrived in New York City from 2022 to 2024.

Program: As the safety net hospital system for our city, New York City (NYC) Health + Hospitals (H + H) has taken the lead in caring for newly arrived asylum seekers. We used electronic medical record data to gain early insights into utilization and needs among these patients.

Extending the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort through 2030: Rationale and study protocol.

Early life environmental exposures, even those experienced before conception, can shape health and disease trajectories across the lifespan. Optimizing the detection of the constellation of exposure effects on a broad range of child health outcomes across development requires considerable sample size, transdisciplinary expertise, and developmentally sensitive and dimensional measurement. To address this, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Study is an observational longitudinal pediatric cohort study.

Over 100 Fontan Patients on Systemic Ventricular Assist Device Support: An ACTION Update.

As the Fontan population grows, understanding successful strategies for ventricular assist device (VAD) support of the failing Fontan circulation is needed. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with Fontan circulation and systemic VAD support in the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) registry. Competing outcomes and Kaplan-Meier estimated survival methods were used.

Ketjenblack-Supported and Unsupported ZrO-ZrN Nanoparticle Systems for Enabling Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia.

Artificial N fixation via the electrocatalytic nitrogen (N) reduction reaction (NRR) has been recently promoted as a rational route toward reducing energy consumption and CO emission as compared with the traditional Haber-Bosch process. Nevertheless, optimizing NRR relies on developing highly efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, we report on the reliable and reproducible synthesis of two promising electrocatalysts in either the presence or absence of Ketjenblack (KB), namely, ZrO-ZrN@KB and ZrO-ZrN systems, synthesized through the nitriding of Zr.

TKK130 is a 3-Hydroxy-Propanamidine (HPA) with Potent Antimalarial Activity and a High Barrier to Resistance.

Malaria continues to pose a significant burden on populations in endemic areas and requires innovative treatment options. Here, we report the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of the novel 3-hydroxypropanamidine (HPA) , which shows excellent antiplasmodial activity against drug-sensitive and -resistant strains. Moreover, in various human cell lines, the compound shows no cytotoxicity and excellent parasite selectivity.