A Comprehensive Analysis of Genioplasty in Facial Feminization Surgery: A Systematic Review and Institutional Cohort Study.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is critical to gender-affirming surgery, consisting of craniomaxillofacial procedures to align facial features with a patient's gender identity. Central to FFS is genioplasty, which reshapes or repositions the chin; however, limited research exists on genioplasty in FFS. This review and cohort analysis aim to evaluate current practices and outcomes for individuals undergoing FFS with genioplasty.

Severe Microbial Keratitis in Virgin and Transplanted Cornea-Probability of Visual Acuity Improvement.

To evaluate visual acuity improvement and identify contributing factors in patients with severe keratitis affecting both virgin and transplanted corneas, treated at a hospital. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 497 patients with unilateral corneal ulcers treated at a tertiary referral center between 2008 and 2023. Data included distance (BCVA) and near best-corrected visual acuity at initial presentation and at discharge, treatments before hospital admission, demographic details, risk factors, clinical signs and symptoms, ancillary test results, and management strategies.

The Impact of Genetic Polymorphism on Complication Development in Heart Failure Patients.

Despite the high progress that has been made in the field of cardiology, the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) can still cause complications (thrombosis/bleeding) in heart failure (HF) patients after implantation. Complications develop due to the incorrect dose of antithrombotic therapy, due to the influence of the non-physiological shear stress of the device, and also due to inherited genetic polymorphisms. Therefore, the aim of our study is to identify the influence of the genetic polymorphisms on complication development in HF patients with implanted LVADs with prescribed antiplatelet therapy.

A Scalable Approach to Internet of Things and Industrial Internet of Things Security: Evaluating Adaptive Self-Adjusting Memory K-Nearest Neighbor for Zero-Day Attack Detection.

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) have drastically transformed industries by enhancing efficiency and flexibility but have also introduced substantial cybersecurity risks. The rise of zero-day attacks, which exploit unknown vulnerabilities, poses significant threats to these interconnected systems. Traditional signature-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are insufficient for detecting such attacks due to their reliance on pre-defined attack signatures.

A Personalized Approach for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: Current Understanding and Future Directions.

Oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) represents an intermediate state in the progression from localized disease to widespread metastasis when the radiographically significant sites are limited in number and location. With no clear consensus on a definition, its diagnostic significance and associated optimal therapeutic approach remain controversial, posing a significant challenge for clinicians. The current standard of care for metastatic disease is to start systemic therapy; however, active surveillance and targeted radiotherapy have become attractive options to mitigate the long-term effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction and Its Relationship with Biliary Cancer: An Updated and Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Behalf of TROGSS-The Robotic Global Surgical Society.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the degree to which pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) increases the risk of different types of biliary cancer (BC).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. We systematically searched from inception to April 2024.

Updates in the Management of Richter Transformation.

Richter transformation (RT) is a rare albeit devastating complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). RT is defined as an aggressive lymphoma, typically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in the setting of CLL. A clonal relationship to the preceding CLL clone is detected in the majority of RT cases and confers more aggressive clinicopathologic kinetics, resistance to standard chemoimmunotherapy regimens, and inferior survival.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Treatments for Pancreatic Cancer: Understanding How Endoscopic Ultrasound Has Revolutionized Management of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biopsy has become the standard diagnostic modality per the guidelines. The use of EUS has been growing for providing various treatments in patients with pancreatic cancers: biliary and gallbladder drainage for those with malignant biliary obstruction, gastroenterostomy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction, celiac plexus/ganglia neurolysis for pain control, radiofrequency ablation, placement of fiducial markers, and injection of local chemotherapeutic agents.

Beyond the Horizon: Rethinking Prostate Cancer Treatment Through Innovation and Alternative Strategies.

For nearly a century, fundamental observations that prostate cancer (PCa) cells nearly always require AR stimulation for sustained proliferation have led to a unidirectional quest to abrogate such a pathway. Similarly focused have been efforts to understand AR-driven processes in the context of elevated expression of its target genes, and much less so on products that become overexpressed when AR signaling is suppressed. Treatment with ARSI results in an increased expression of the TLK1B splice variant via a 'translational' derepression driven by the compensatory mTOR activation and consequent activation of the TLK1 > NEK1 > ATR > Chk1 and NEK1 > YAP axes.

Radiosurgery for Intracranial Meningiomas: A Review of Anatomical Challenges and an Update on the Evidence.

Radiation has been used to treat meningiomas since the mid-1970s. Traditionally, radiation was reserved for patients unfit for major surgery or those with surgically inaccessible tumors. With an increased quantity and quality of imaging, and an aging population, there has been a rise in incidentally diagnosed meningiomas with smaller tumors at diagnosis time.

Abnormal p53 High-Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Our primary objective was to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of patients with abnormal p53 FIGO grade 3 (high-grade) endometrioid endometrial cancer. As secondary objectives, we determined the global prevalence of abnormal p53 in grade 3 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas and the geographical variations.

Methods: The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Recurrent Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Insights and Treatment Advances.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy affecting the sinonasal tract. Local recurrence is the main pattern of treatment failure, affecting nearly half of patients treated for primary sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). Due to disease rarity and heterogeneity of practices, there are limited guidelines for how to diagnose and care for these patients.

Fighting Fire with Fire: Impact of Sugary Diets on Metabolically Deranged Mice.

There is controversy about the health risks of sugary diets. A recent study reported that chronic consumption of 11% sugar solutions improved glycemic control in lean mice. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that chronic consumption of the same 11% sugar solutions would also improve glycemic control in metabolically deranged mice.

Metabolic Adaptation and Its Determinants in Adolescents Two Years After Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Weight loss is associated with reductions in resting energy expenditure (REE), which are impacted by changes in body composition following sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Current data regarding changes in measured REE (mREE) and metabolic adaptation in adolescents after SG are limited. We evaluated changes in mREE, metabolic adaptation, and body composition in youths after SG vs.

Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine for Managing Acute Renal Colic in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review of Recent Clinical Trials.

Kidney stones typically present as renal colic in emergency departments (EDs), where patients experience severe pain and often require parenteral therapy for symptom management. The economic burden associated with managing kidney stones exceeds USD 5 billion annually in the US and accounts for more than a million visits to EDs each year. There is clear evidence emphasizing the need for innovative and alternative pain control options for patients with renal colic.

Development of Peptide Mimics of the Human Acetylcholine Receptor Main Immunogenic Region for Treating Myasthenia Gravis.

We have designed and produced 39 amino acid peptide mimics of the and human acetylcholine receptors' (AChRs) main immunogenic regions (MIRs). These conformationally sensitive regions consist of three non-contiguous segments of the AChR α-subunits and are the target of 50-70% of the anti-AChR autoantibodies (Abs) in human myasthenic serum and in the serum of rats with a model of that disease, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), induced by immunizing the rats with the electric organ AChR. These MIR segments covalently joined together bind a significant fraction of the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised in rats against electric organ AChR.

A Brief History of Ferritin, an Ancient and Versatile Protein.

Ferritin, a highly conserved iron storage protein, is among the earliest proteins that have been purified, named, and characterized due to its unique properties that continue to captivate researchers. Ferritin is composed of 24 subunits that form an almost spherical shell delimiting a cavity where thousands of iron atoms can be stored in a nontoxic ferric form, thereby preventing cytosolic iron from catalyzing oxidative stress. Mitochondrial and extracellular ferritin have also been described and characterized, with the latter being associated with several signaling functions.

Low Bacterial Biomass in Human Pancreatic Cancer and Adjacent Normal Tissue.

The gut microbiome plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of luminal gastrointestinal malignancies and response to antineoplastic therapy. Preclinical studies have suggested a role of intratumoral gammaproteobacteria in mediating response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the impact of the PDAC microbiome on chemotherapy response using samples from human pancreatic tumor resections.

Clinical, Radiographic, and Molecular Analysis of Patients with X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets: Looking for Phenotype-Genotype Correlation.

Background/objectives: X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (XLH) represents the most frequent type of rickets from genetic origin, it is caused by mutations on the gene. The main clinical manifestations are short stature and bone deformities. Phenotype variation is observed at the intrafamily and interfamily level.

Significance of Biogenetic Markers in Giant Cell Tumor Differentiation and Prognosis: A Narrative Review.

: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive tumor. It accounts for only 5% of all bony tumors. Early diagnosis, and follow-up for recurrence is often difficult due to a lack of biogenetic markers.

A 3D-Printed Aqueous Drainage Tube with an Expandable Inner Diameter to Accommodate the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Fluctuations After Glaucoma Surgery.

Glaucoma treatment involves reducing the intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve, to a normal range. Aqueous drainage devices may be used for treatment, and a variety of devices have been proposed. However, they have a non-variable and uniform inner diameter, which makes it difficult to accommodate the IOP fluctuations that occur after glaucoma surgery.

Novel Inhibitors for MDM2-MDM4 E3 Ligase Potently Induce p53-Indepedent Apoptosis in Drug-Resistant Leukemic Cells.

MDM2 and MDM4 are major negative regulators of tumor suppressor p53. Beyond regulating p53, MDM2 possesses p53-independent activity in promoting cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis via its RING domain ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. MDM2 and MDM4 form heterodimer polyubiquitin E3 ligases via their RING domain interaction.

Bluues_cplx: Electrostatics at Protein-Protein and Protein-Ligand Interfaces.

(1) Background: Electrostatics plays a capital role in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. Implicit solvent models are widely used to describe electrostatics and complementarity at interfaces. Electrostatic complementarity at the interface is not trivial, involving surface potentials rather than the charges of surfacial contacting atoms.

Effects of a Cannabinoid-Based Phytocomplex (Pain Relief) on Chronic Pain in Osteoarthritic Dogs.

Twenty-one adult crossbreed dogs with chronic pain due to severe osteoarthrosis were enrolled in the study (placebo vs. treatment groups). The dogs in the experimental group received the dietary supplement (Pain Relief, Giantec, Isernia, Italy) for 30 days to evaluate its effects on metabolism and pain relief.