Public Health.

Background: Stress has emerged as a risk factor in the development and progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, there is limited research on the impact cumulative individual and familial stress has on AD. This study aims to investigate the relationship between stress and AD within a global cohort of underrepresented populations including Black Americans (BAs), Hispanic/Latinos (H/Ls), and Africans (As).

Public Health.

Background: To estimate the additive associations of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and depression on long-term cognitive trajectory in multi-regional cohorts and validate the generalizability of the findings in varying clinical settings.

Method: Data harmonization was performed across 14 longitudinal cohort studies within the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) group, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Three external validation studies with distinct settings were employed to assess generalizability.

Public Health.

Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution-including fine particulate matter <2.5µm in diameter (PM)-has previously been associated with incident dementia. As climate change drives longer and more intense wildfire seasons, exposure to PM produced by wildfires may be a unique and increasingly important risk factor for dementia.

Public Health.

Background: Adverse social exposome (indexed by national Area Deprivation Index [ADI] 80-100 or 'high ADI') is linked to structural inequities and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Twenty percent of the US population resides within high ADI areas, predominantly in inner cities, tribal reservations and rural areas. The percentage of brain donors from high ADI areas within the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) brain bank system is unknown.

Public Health.

Background: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a randomized trial for prevention of diabetes in adults with prediabetes (PreD). The DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS) is the long-term epidemiological follow-up of this cohort, studied continuously for over 25 years. DPPOS Phase 4 (DPPOS-AD/ADRD) began in 2022, with a primary focus on the nature and determinants of cognitive impairment in the surviving cohort.

Public Health.

Background: High body mass index (BMI), which poorly represents specific fat depots, is linked to poorer cognition and higher dementia risk, with different associations between sexes. We examined associations of abdominal fat depots with cognition and brain volumes and whether sex modifies this association.

Method: 204 healthy middle-aged Alzheimer's-dementia (AD) offspring (mean age = 59.

Public Health.

Background: Cognitive reserve is a concept that explains why cognitive performance can be better than would be expected given the level of brain pathology. In this project, we investigated whether certain personality traits are a factor underlying cognitive reserve. If so, individuals with these personality traits would show better cognition and less cognitive decline than would be expected given their level of age-related brain changes.

Public Health.

Background: Structural determinants of health may be important drivers of late-life cognitive decline and dementia risk for women who have a disproportionate burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examines how early life exposure to structural sexism influences cognitive trajectories among women racialized as Black and White.

Method: This study analyzed longitudinal data from two cohort studies: the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

Public Health.

Background: Higher Mediterranean- DASH for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet scores have previously been associated with larger total brain volume (TBV) in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) community-based cohort. We investigated cross-sectional relationships between the MIND diet and structural brain imaging volumes and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) across six community-based cohorts.

Method: We analyzed data from 3130 dementia-, stroke- and other neurological disease free adults (aged 65 to 74) who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort, Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Three City (3C) cohort, FOS cohort, Rotterdam Study (RS) or the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) cohort.

Public Health.

Background: Little is known about how education in later life is related to cognitive function in older adults. This study assessed whether participating in later-life education was associated with better cognitive function over time and whether the benefits differed by sex, race/ethnicity, and prior education level in a nationally-representative sample of U.S.

Public Health.

Background: The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS) is an established cohort of aging persons (mean age 72 years) with prediabetes and diabetes with a mean of 23 (range 21-25) years of follow-up. DPPOS added neuropsychological testing using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDSv3) forms. Using the NACC UDS required implementing a standardized neurological examination across 25 US clinical sites, administered by project coordinators (PC).

Public Health.

Background: Asian Americans and Asian Canadians (ASACs) are the fastest growing minority group in the US and Canada. However, ASACs are under-sampled in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. To address the need of culturally appropriate clinical protocols and community-based recruitment approaches for ASACs, the Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD), the first large dementia genetics cohort focusing on Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese, launched in 2021 to examine genetic and non-genetic risk factors for AD among ASACs.

Public Health.

Background: Greece has among the largest proportions of elderly worldwide and is among the fastest aging countries in Europe. Consequently, the population suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia is one of the largest in Europe. This population varies significantly within the different regions in Greece.

Public Health.

Background: In the United States and Puerto Rico, cognitive decline and resulting Alzheimer's disease are major public health concerns for older adults. According to the Alzheimer's Association (2021), by 2050, people ages 65 and above with Alzheimer's are estimated to grow to 12.7 million-rising in prevalence and severity.

Systematic Review of COVID-19 and COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis in Athletes: Incidence, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Return-to-Play Principles.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the original peer-reviewed studies on athletes who developed myocarditis after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection or after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Both entities likely have an immunologic component. We discuss elite, professional, college, and adolescent athletes.

Public Health.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) health literacy is low in high-risk populations and is likely a determinant of timely care seeking behavior. Our group aimed to develop a novel brief questionnaire for use in community outreach and related studies of AD awareness.

Methods: We developed an initial 15-item AD knowledge questionnaire "ASK-AD (Assess Symptoms and Knowledge of AD)" following pilot study and cognitive interviews with subject matter experts along with elementary school children.

Public Health.

Background: Most research on cognitive difficulties in the US focus on minoritized groups that are part of the federal minimum reporting guidelines, include White, Black, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN), and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NH/OPI) individuals. Research has begun to describe cognitive difficulties among Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) adults, but it is limited because they are defined as White. In 2023, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) proposed adding a separate checkbox for MENA individuals.

Public Health.

Background: The IDEAL study is a randomized clinical trial investigating the psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive impacts of genetic risk disclosure for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) among Latinos.

Methods: We used address-based sampling in northern Manhattan to recruit Latinos aged 40-64 for a community-based survey and clinical trial. Data collection encompasses demographics, Alzheimer's disease (AD) family history, knowledge and beliefs about AD and genetics, current mental health status, acculturation, impact of COVID-19, familism, fatalism, caregiver status, and prior AD genetic testing.

Public Health.

Background: Many studies have demonstrated an association between sleep and cognition in older adults. The Long Life Family Study (LLFS) has followed families enriched with longevity since 2006 and has shown that this cohort has slower rates of cognitive decline than their spouse controls and the general public. Understanding how sleep and cognition are related in this population can improve our understanding of the key to long life.

Public Health.

Background: High blood pressure (BP) level and variability has been linked to stroke, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), cognitive decline, and dementia. However, it is unclear whether sex/gender influences the association of BP level and variability with CSVD. Therefore, we aimed to examine sex-differences in the association of CSVD with 24-h BP level and variability.

Public Health.

Background: Members of the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks that occurred on 9/11/2001 were exposed to severe trauma. The present study screened for cognitive impairment in a prospective cohort study of FDNY fire fighters and emergency personnel who reside in the greater NYC metropolitan area.

Method: A large sample (n = 338) of FDNY personnel who were exposed to the WTC attacks were recruited to complete a large battery of neuropsychiatric and psychological tests.

Public Health.

Background: Vascular disorders are proposed as modifiable risk factors for dementia; yet, physiologic mechanisms connecting vascular disorders to cognitive impairment remain unknown. We examined subclinical cardiovascular measures to determine which predict global cognitive decline and domain specific cognitive impairment and point to potential pathways linking subclinical vascular disease and dementia.

Methods: MESA includes a diverse cohort of 6,814 participants free from clinical cardiovascular disease with follow-up over 6 clinical examinations and annual follow-up calls.

Public Health.

Background: The Korean American older adult population is rapidly growing, with most being foreign-born individuals with limited English proficiency, and who experience significant health disparities. The Koreans Invested in Making Caregivers Health Important (KIMCHI) project is a national, culturally tailored, bilingual (English/Korean) initiative focused on community-based research dissemination to empower Korean Americans with insights into healthy cognitive aging and dementia caregiving.

Method: From the community partnership with Somang Society and AARIN, a total of 211 participants, predominantly older adults (aged 24- 90 years; M = 69; SD = 12.

Public Health.

Background: Cognitive impairment is associated with mortality. However, evidence using population-based studies is scarce, is limited to one cognitive assessment, and lacks the inclusion of non-fatal adverse health outcomes. Therefore, we aimed this study to (i) investigate the association of cognitive function with mortality and cardiovascular risk and (ii) determine whether cognitive tests improve the risk-stratification of endpoints beyond conventional risk factors.

Public Health.

Background: The American Heart Association's Life Essential 8 (LE8) are a set of eight simple health metrics used to define cardiovascular (CV) health and promote healthy behaviors. High CV health is associated with a lower risk of CV disease. Our objective is to determine whether LE8 and CV health are associated with incident dementia in diverse adults.