Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Our authors from around the world met to summarise the available knowledge, decide which potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia have compelling evidence and create the most comprehensive analysis to date for potentially modifiable risk factors to inform policy, give individuals the opportunity to control their risks and generate research.

Method: We incorporated all risk factors for which we judged there was strong enough evidence. We used the largest recent worldwide meta-analyses for risk factor prevalence and relative risk and if not available the best data.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Knowledge of nursing home (NH) residents' everyday care preferences is foundational in that it allows for the delivery of person-centered care and individualized care planning. However, little is known about how integrating preferences into care delivery impact outcomes of care. The Preference Match Tracker is an objective metric that tracks the number of recreation activities NH residents attend that match or is "congruent" with resident important preferences.

Posterior Capsular Opacification and Glistening in Hydrophobic Monofocal Biaspheric Intraocular Lens Two Years After Implantation: A Case Control Study.

This study aims to analyze the prevalence and severity of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and glistening in a new hydrophobic biaspheric monofocal intraocular lens (IOLs) 24 months after implantation. By means of a ambispective, observational, case-control design, a total of 297 eyes from 200 cataract surgery patients were included in the study (118 females and 82 males; mean age: 72.31 ± 9.

Accessible Gesture Typing on Smartphones for People with Low Vision.

While gesture typing is widely adopted on touchscreen keyboards, its support for low vision users is limited. We have designed and implemented two keyboard prototypes, layout-magnified and key-magnified keyboards, to enable gesture typing for people with low vision. Both keyboards facilitate uninterrupted access to all keys while the screen magnifier is active, allowing people with low vision to input text with one continuous stroke.

Spinal tissue identification using a Forward-oriented endoscopic ultrasound technique.

The limited imaging depth of optical endoscope restrains the identification of tissues under surface during the minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS), thus increasing the risk of critical tissue damage. This study is proposed to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of automatic spinal soft tissue identification using a forward-oriented ultrasound endoscopic system. Total 758 ex-vivo soft tissue samples were collected from ovine spines to create a dataset with four categories including spinal cord, nucleus pulposus, adipose tissue, and nerve root.

Melanin-Binding-Based Discovery of Topically Instilled Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors for Targeted Delivery and Prolonged Action in the Eye.

Glaucoma is a vision-threatening disease that is currently treated with intraocular-pressure-reducing eyedrops that are instilled once or multiple times daily. Unfortunately, the treatment is associated with low patient adherence and suboptimal treatment outcomes. We developed carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors (CAI-II) for a prolonged reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP).

PET Imaging of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 with [F]TZ4877 in Nonhuman Primates.

Purpose: The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR) is involved in regulating responses to neuroimmune stimuli. There is a need for S1PR-specific radioligands with clinically suitable brain pharmcokinetic properties to complement existing radiotracers. This work evaluated a promising S1PR radiotracer, [F]TZ4877, in nonhuman primates.

Quantifying sighting dominance using on-display projections of monocular and binocular views.

Sighting dominance is an important behavioral property which has been difficult to measure quantitatively with high precision. We developed a measurement method that is grounded in a two-camera model that satisfies these aims. Using a simple alignment task, this method quantifies sighting ocular dominance during binocular viewing, identifying each eye's relative contribution to binocular vision.

Mapping simulated visual field defects with movie-viewing pupil perimetry.

Purpose: Assessing the quality of the visual field is important for the diagnosis of ophthalmic and neurological diseases and, consequently, for rehabilitation. Visual field defects (VFDs) are typically assessed using standard automated perimetry (SAP). However, SAP requires participants to understand instructions, maintain fixation and sustained attention, and provide overt responses.

Prevalence and risk factors of myopic macular degeneration: the Aier-SERI high myopia adult cohort.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in young and middle-aged individuals with high myopia in Changsha, central China.

Methods: A total of 445 adults with high myopia (worse than or equal to -5.0 D) were examined between 2021 and 2023.

Seeing in the Future - a Perspective on Combining Light with Chemical Biology Approaches to Treat Retinal Pathologies.

New concepts to treat eye diseases have emerged that elegantly combine unnatural light exposure with chemical biology approaches to achieve superior cellular specificity and, as a result, improvement of visual function. Historically, light exposure without further molecular eye treatment has offered limited success including photocoagulation to halt pathological blood vessel growth or low light exposure to stimulate retinal cell viability. To add cellular specificity to such treatments, researchers have introduced various biological or chemical light-sensing molecules and combined those with light exposure.

Performance on Activities of Daily Living and User Experience When Using Artificial Intelligence by Individuals With Vision Impairment.

Purpose: This study assessed objective performance, usability, and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) by people with vision impairment. The goal was to provide evidence-based data to enhance technology selection for people with vision loss (PVL) based on their loss and needs.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional, counterbalanced, cross-over study involving 25 PVL, we compared performance using two smart glasses (OrCam and Envision Glasses) and two AI apps (Seeing AI and Google Lookout).

Replication Crisis in Psychology, Second-Order Cybernetics, and Transactional Causality: from Experimental Psychology to Applied Psychological Practice.

This article aims to reconceptualize the replication crisis as not merely a problem of flawed methods, lack of scientific rigor, or questionable researcher conduct, but as a fundamentally epistemological and philosophical issue. While improved methodologies and scientific practices are necessary, they must be considered through the lens of the underlying epistemologies. Toward this end, a new paradigm for psychological research and practice, grounded in second-order cybernetics and transactional causality, is proposed as instrumental.

Femtosecond laser versus manual clear corneal incision in implantable collamer lens surgery.

This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation with traditional manual ICL techniques. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent ICL implantation at Beijing New Vision Eye Hospital in 2023. Patients (aged 18-45) were matched for gender and refractive error, with forty-two eyes in each group.

A New Method to Measure Ocular Surface Sensitivity: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Liquid Jet Esthesiometer.

Objectives: To assess the reliability of the liquid jet esthesiometer (LJA) for measurement of corneal sensitivity.

Methods: Two separate studies were conducted to assess intrasession repeatability (study 1) and intersession reproducibility (study 2) of corneal sensitivity measured using the LJA. Thirty participants (13 female and 17 male participants, age 23±6 years) participated in study 1 and another 30 (18 female and 12 male participants, 35±10 years) participated in study 2.

In situ training of an in-sensor artificial neural network based on ferroelectric photosensors.

In-sensor computing has emerged as an ultrafast and low-power technique for next-generation machine vision. However, in situ training of in-sensor computing systems remains challenging due to the demands for both high-performance devices and efficient programming schemes. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the in situ training of an in-sensor artificial neural network (ANN) based on ferroelectric photosensors (FE-PSs).

Gaps in PM&R for Blindness & Low Vision: The Imperative of Rehabilitation for Visual Disability.

Persons with blindness and low vision (pBLV) experience increased fall and injury risk beyond atypical biomechanics and balance impairments. Falling risk doubles with blindness, and more than triples with depth perception losses. Despite this, physical therapy (PT) focuses on musculoskeletal injuries post-event rather than taking a proactive and preventative approach for pBLV.

Soybean2035: A decadal vision for soybean functional genomics and breeding.

Soybean, the fourth most important crop in the world, uniquely serves as a source of both plant oil and plant protein for the world's food and animal feed. Although soybean production has increased approximately 13-fold over the past 60 years, the continually growing global population necessitates further increases in soybean production. In the past, especially in the last decade, significant progress has been made in both functional genomics and molecular breeding.

Towards Context-Rich Automated Biodiversity Assessments: Deriving AI-Powered Insights from Camera Trap Data.

Camera traps offer enormous new opportunities in ecological studies, but current automated image analysis methods often lack the contextual richness needed to support impactful conservation outcomes. Integrating vision-language models into these workflows could address this gap by providing enhanced contextual understanding and enabling advanced queries across temporal and spatial dimensions. Here, we present an integrated approach that combines deep learning-based vision and language models to improve ecological reporting using data from camera traps.

GeometryFormer: Semi-Convolutional Transformer Integrated with Geometric Perception for Depth Completion in Autonomous Driving Scenes.

Depth completion is widely employed in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and Structure from Motion (SfM), which are of great significance to the development of autonomous driving. Recently, the methods based on the fusion of vision transformer (ViT) and convolution have brought the accuracy to a new level. However, there are still two shortcomings that need to be solved.

Advancements in Smart Wearable Mobility Aids for Visual Impairments: A Bibliometric Narrative Review.

Research into new solutions for wearable assistive devices for the visually impaired is an important area of assistive technology (AT). This plays a crucial role in improving the functionality and independence of the visually impaired, helping them to participate fully in their daily lives and in various community activities. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the literature published over the last decade on wearable assistive devices for the visually impaired, retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) using CiteSpace, to provide an overview of the current state of research, trends, and hotspots in the field.

Remote Ischemic Post-Conditioning (RIC) Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Signaling via Myeloid AMPKα1 in Murine Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TON).

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) has been regarded a vision-threatening condition caused by either ocular or blunt/penetrating head trauma, which is characterized by direct or indirect TON. Injury happens during sports, vehicle accidents and mainly in military war and combat exposure. Earlier, we have demonstrated that remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIC) therapy is protective in TON, and here we report that AMPKα1 activation is crucial.

Enhancing Surgical Wound Monitoring: A Paired Cohort Study Evaluating a New AI-Based Application for Automatic Detection of Potential Infections.

This study assessed the feasibility and security of remote surgical wound monitoring using the RedScar© smartphone app, which employs automated diagnosis for early visual detection of infections without direct healthcare personnel involvement. Additionally, patient satisfaction with telematic care was evaluated as a secondary aim. Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second leading cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), leading to prolonged hospital stays, heightened patient distress, and increased healthcare costs.

The Impact of COVID-19 on People with a Visual Impairment in Northern Ireland: A Sensory Support View.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought many challenges for all and especially for people with a visual impairment. As a result, many healthcare services had to close or be reduced, and new rules and regulations were implemented. These rules, regulations and testing procedures were challenging for many people with a visual impairment.

Maize Kernel Broken Rate Prediction Using Machine Vision and Machine Learning Algorithms.

Rapid online detection of broken rate can effectively guide maize harvest with minimal damage to prevent kernel fungal damage. The broken rate prediction model based on machine vision and machine learning algorithms is proposed in this manuscript. A new dataset of high moisture content maize kernel phenotypic features was constructed by extracting seven features (geometric and shape features).