Enhancing the Solubility of Co-Formulated Hydrophobic Drugs by Incorporating Functionalized Nano-Structured Poly Lactic--glycolic Acid (PLGA) During Co-Precipitation.

: The co-formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a growing strategy in biopharmaceutical development, particularly when it comes to improving solubility and bioavailability. This study explores a co-precipitation method to prepare co-formulated crystals of griseofulvin (GF) and dexamethasone (DXM), utilizing nanostructured, functionalized polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) as a solubility enhancer. : An antisolvent precipitation technique was employed to incorporate PLGA at a 3% concentration into the co-formulated GF and DXM, referred to as DXM-GF-PLGA.

Diet Quality, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nativity Status: Elucidating Metabolic Advantage and Disadvantage Among Non-US-Native and US-Native Populations Using NHANES Data (2013-2018).

Background/objectives: Nutrient-poor diet quality is a major driver of the global burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The US ranks among the lowest in diet quality and has the highest rate of immigration, which may present unique challenges for non-US-native populations who experience changes in access to health-promoting resources. This study examined associations among MetS, nativity status, diet quality, and interaction effects of race-ethnicity among Hispanic, Asian, Black, and White US-native and non-US-native adults.

Homocysteine Metabolites, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Disease.

Atherosclerosis is accompanied by inflammation that underlies cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its vascular manifestations, including acute stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease, the leading causes of morbidity/mortality worldwide. The monolayer of endothelial cells formed on the luminal surface of arteries and veins regulates vascular tone and permeability, which supports vascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction, the first step in the development of atherosclerosis, is caused by mechanical and biochemical factors that disrupt vascular homeostasis and induce inflammation.

Surgical Outcomes and Associated Morbidity of Active and Expectant Management of Second-Trimester Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS).

Management of second-trimester placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is currently center-dependent with minimal evidence-based practices. This study aims to analyze outcomes of hysterectomy as second-trimester active management (AM) versus cesarean hysterectomy as expectant management (EM) in cases of PAS with intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. This study is a retrospective case-control study of patients with a pathology-confirmed diagnosis of PAS managed at a single center over 16 years (2005-2020).

The Effect of Continuous Selection in KiwiCross Composite Breed on Breed Ancestry and Productivity Performance.

Composite crosses result from the mating of two or more distinct cattle breeds. Breeding performance may improve rapidly using a well-organized composite breeding system and a clear selection index. The KiwiCross is a popular composite cross in New Zealand, combining Holstein-Friesian (high milk production) and Jersey (high milk fat).

Comprehensive Review of Early and Late Toxicities in CAR T-Cell Therapy and Bispecific Antibody Treatments for Hematologic Malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (or CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, offering new options for relapsed or refractory cases. However, these therapies carry risks of early complications, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and delayed issues like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections, and secondary cancers. Effective management requires early diagnosis using advanced biomarkers and imaging, along with prompt interventions involving immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, and cytokine inhibitors.

Would the Oceans Become Toxic to Humanity Due to Use and Mismanagement of Plastics?

The production of plastics and associated products, including microplastics (MPs), has been surging over the past several decades and now poses a grave environmental threat. This is because when not appropriately recycled, incinerated, or disposed of in fully contained landfills, plastic waste manifests as a potent pollutant, with vast amounts finding their way into oceans annually, adversely impacting marine life and ecosystems. Additionally, research also confirms there are direct impacts from MPs on water, air, and soil, impacting ecosystem and human health.

Effect of Target-Mediated Disposition on Iptacopan Clinical Pharmacokinetics in Participants with Normal or Impaired Hepatic Function.

Iptacopan, a first-in-class complement factor B inhibitor acting proximally in the alternative complement pathway, has been shown to be safe and effective for patients with complement-mediated diseases. Iptacopan selectively binds with high affinity to factor B, a soluble, plasma-based, hepatically produced protein. Factor B is abundant in the circulation but can be saturated at the iptacopan clinical dose of 200 mg twice daily.

Imaging cells and nanoparticles using modulated optically computed phase microscopy.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully used as drug delivery systems. To develop and optimize NP-based drug delivery systems, it is essential to understand the dynamics of cell-NP interactions. Quantitative phase imaging techniques enable label-free imaging and have the potential to reveal how cells interact with NPs.

Silver single atoms and nanoparticles on floatable monolithic photocatalysts for synergistic solar water disinfection.

Photocatalytic water disinfection technology is highly promising in off-grid areas due to abundant year-round solar irradiance. However, the practical use of powdered photocatalysts is impeded by limited recovery and inefficient inactivation of stress-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic surface water. Here we prepare a floatable monolithic photocatalyst with ZIF-8-NH loaded Ag single atoms and nanoparticles (Ag/ZIF).

Determination of main influence mechanism of fulvic acid on arsenic removal by ferric chloride.

In this study, synthetic wastewater containing 110 µg/L arsenate (As(V)), 0-20 mg/L fulvic acid (FA), and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe. The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V) removal by ferric chloride were determined using 0.

Tenzing Assisted Delivery of Aspiration (TADA) technique for thrombectomy of medium vessel occlusions using the Freeclimb 54 catheter: multicenter experience.

Background: Medium vessel occlusions (MeVOs) account for 25-40% of acute ischemic stroke. The Tenzing 5 (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, California, USA) and FreeClimb 54 (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, California, USA) catheter is a novel delivery-aspiration catheter combination designed to facilitate aspiration thrombectomy (AT) of MeVOs. We report our clinical experience using the Tenzing assisted delivery of aspiration (TADA) technique with FreeClimb 54 for first-line AT of MeVO.

Frailty Predicts Failure to Rescue following Malignant Brain Tumor Resection: A NSQIP Analysis of 14,721 Patients (2012- 2020).

Purpose: Failure to rescue (FTR) is defined as mortality within 30 days following a major complication. While FTR has been studied in various brain tumor resections, its predictors in malignant brain tumor resection (mBTR) remain unexplored. This study aims to identify FTR predictors in mBTR resection patients using a frailty-driven model.

Lisfranc Fracture-dislocation With Extensor Hallucis Brevis Tendon Interposition: A Case Report.

Case: A 14-year-old adolescent girl sustained a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation with an interposed extensor hallucis brevis (EHB) tendon. Following multiple failed attempts at closed reduction in both the emergency department and the operating room, the patient was treated in a staged manner with temporizing closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in improved alignment, followed by definitive open reduction and internal fixation once soft tissues allowed.

Conclusions: Anatomic reduction and stable fixation of Lisfranc injuries is vital to regain stability and reduce the risk of midfoot arthritis and collapse.

Treatment With Avacopan in Patients With Respiratory Tract Manifestations of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.

Objective: The ADVOCATE trial demonstrated that treatment of active granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) with avacopan was noninferior in achieving remission at week 26 and superior for sustained remission at week 52 compared with a prednisone taper. This analysis of ADVOCATE evaluated the efficacy and safety of avacopan in patients with ear, nose, throat (ENT), or lung manifestations.

Methods: This post hoc analysis included patients enrolled in ADVOCATE with ENT or lung manifestations at baseline.

Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Chronic Pain and Alzheimer's Disease-A Review.

The coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic pain (CP) in the elderly population has been extensively documented, and a growing body of evidence supports the potential interconnections between these two conditions. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms by which CP may contribute to the development and progression of AD, with a particular focus on neuroinflammatory pathways and the role of microglia, as well as the activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The review proposes that prolonged pain processing in critical brain regions can dysregulate the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome within microglia, leading to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and excessive oxidative stress in these regions.

Symptomatic Improvement in Adults and Adolescents With Eosinophilic Esophagitis Requires Higher Systemic Dupilumab Exposure Than Histologic Response.

Introduction: We assessed potential mechanisms behind the requirement for more frequent dupilumab dosing in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) compared with other approved indications.

Methods: Results for the phase 3 LIBERTY EoE TREET study coprimary endpoints (proportion of patients achieving a peak intraepithelial eosinophil count of ≤6 eosinophils per high-power field and absolute change from baseline in Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire total score) were pooled in exposure-response analyses.

Results: A steep initial relationship then plateau was observed between higher dupilumab steady-state trough concentrations and decreased eosinophilic infiltration at week 24, whereas a graded exposure-response relationship was observed for symptomatic improvement at week 24.

Different PD-L1 Assays Reveal Distinct Immunobiology and Clinical Outcomes in Urothelial Cancer.

Testing for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to predict immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) benefit but has performed inconsistently in urothelial cancer (UC) clinical trials. Different approaches are used for PD-L1 IHC. We analyzed paired PD-L1 IHC data on UC samples using the SP142 and 22C3 assays from the phase 3 IMvigor130 trial and found discordant findings summarized by four phenotypes: PD-L1 positive by both assays (PD-L1 double positive; PD-L1DP), PD-L1 positive by the SP142 assay only (SP142 single positive; SP142SP), PD-L1 positive by the 22C3 assay only (22C3 single positive; 22C3SP), and PD-L1 negative by both assays double negative (PD-L1 double negative; PD-L1DN).

Genomic analyses reveal high diversity and rapid evolution of within a neonatal intensive care unit in Delhi, India.

causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts, including hospitalized neonates. This pathogen is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole, while uncommon strains resistant to multiple antifungal drugs, including voriconazole, amphotericin B, and echinocandins, have also been reported from healthcare environments. Thus, understanding how spread, persist, and adapt to healthcare settings could help us develop better infection management strategies.

An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States.

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations.