Tailoring Exercise Prescription for Effective Diabetes Glucose Management.

Context: Physical activity, exercise, or both are a staple of lifestyle management approaches both for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While the current literature supports both physical activity and exercise for improving glycemic control, reducing cardiovascular risk, maintaining proper weight, and enhancing overall well-being, the optimal prescription regimen remains debated.

Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies on exercise, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control in people with T1DM and T2DM.

Longer disease progression milestone-free time in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis treated versus not treated with intravenous edaravone: results from an administrative claims analysis.

To estimate time-to-progression milestones in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) treated versus not treated with intravenous (IV) edaravone (Radicava IV, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America [MTPA], hereafter "IV edaravone") in a real-world setting. IV edaravone is US FDA approved for the treatment of ALS and was shown in clinical trials to slow the rate of physical functional decline. This retrospective observational analysis included PALS continuously enrolled in Optum's Clinformatics Data Mart between 8 August 2017 and 31 December 2021.

Hospital Safety-Net Burden is Associated with Perioperative Outcomes in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Multistate Retrospective Analysis, 2015-2020.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a widely performed surgical procedure in the United States, but disparities in THA outcomes related to hospital-level factors, such as safety-net burden, are underexplored. This study expands on previous research by analyzing multicenter, multistate data from 2015 to 2020 to investigate the impact of hospital safety-net burden-defined as the proportion of services billed to Medicaid and uninsured patients-on THA outcomes. This study is a retrospective analysis using data from the State Inpatient Databases for Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Washington, New Jersey, and North Carolina.

Safety and Tolerability of Pivmecillinam During More Than Four Decades of Clinical Experience: A Systematic Review.

The recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of pivmecillinam-an oral prodrug of the amidinopenicillin antibiotic mecillinam-presents a valuable opportunity to address the need for new treatments for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI). We report findings of a systematic literature review of the safety profile of pivmecillinam/mecillinam based on more than 40 years' experience, mainly in Europe and Canada, to describe its tolerability profile and identify any important safety signals. In total, 110 eligible publications were identified describing use of pivmecillinam/mecillinam as monotherapy or in combination, for treatment of uUTI or other infectious conditions.

The Story behind the Science: On the discovery of respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was discovered in 1956 by the laboratory of Robert Chanock after its isolation from children with upper respiratory infections. Here, we review the events leading to its discovery including its prior isolation as chimpanzee coryza virus and its subsequent association with human disease.

Rashba effect originates from the reduction of point-group symmetries.

The Rashba effect in a nonmagnetic condensed-matter system is described by the reduction of point-group symmetries. The inversion, two-fold rotation, and reflection symmetries transforming the wavevector to - are identified as the origin of a degenerate state according to the time-reversal symmetry. The lack of these symmetries in a bulk system or the breaking of these in a surface system is then identified as the origin of a nondegenerate state.

The Impact of Learning Curve on Robotic Living Donor Nephrectomy Outcomes: Retrospective Analysis.

Background: We aimed to investigate the outcome of patients after RDN at different time points.

Methods: We studied the outcomes of 77 living robotic living donor nephrectomies (RDN). Donors were separated into three groups: learning curve period (LCP), stabilisation period (SP), and teaching period (TP).

Basin-Size Mapping: Prediction of Metastable Polymorph Synthesizability Across TaC-TaN Alloys.

The sizes of the basins of attraction on the potential energy surface are helpful indicators in determining the experimental synthesizability of metastable phases. In principle, these basins can be controlled with changes in thermodynamic conditions such as composition, pressure, and surface energy. Herein, we use random structure sampling to computationally study how alloying smoothly perturbs basin of attraction sizes.

Larger Perfusion Mismatch Volume Is Associated With Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) following a stroke is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Factors predicting LOS in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO), impacting up to 40% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases, remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the predictors of LOS in AIS-MeVO.

Evaluation of Healthcare Outcomes of Patients Treated with 3D-Printed-Titanium and PEEK Cages During Fusion Procedures in the Lumbar Spine.

Purpose: The objective of this observational, real-world study was to describe reoperation, revision, index healthcare utilization and hospital costs among patients treated with PEEK (polyetheretherketone) or 3D-printed-titanium cages during lumbar/lumbosacral posterior fusion procedures, either TLIF (transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion) or PLIF (posterior lumbar interbody fusion). Statistical comparisons were not conducted.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, observational study.

Systemic Absorption of Oral and Rectal Vancomycin in a Critically Ill Patient: A Case Report.

Enteral administration of vancomycin is the standard treatment for () colitis and is presumed to have no systemic absorption. In critically ill patients, however, especially with multi-organ failure, enteral absorption of vancomycin is unpredictable and can cause severe toxicity if it remains unrecognized. We therefore report a case of systemic absorption of enteric vancomycin in a patient with severe colitis.

SyncGenie: A programmable event synchronization device for neuroscience research.

In neuroscience, accurately correlating brain activity with stimuli and other events requires precise synchronization between neural data and event timing. To achieve this, purpose-built synchronization devices are often used to detect events. This paper introduces SyncGenie, a programmable synchronization device designed for a range of uses in neuroscience research-primarily as a "trigger box" to align neurophysiological data with physical stimulus events, among other possibilities.

Risk factors for metastatic disease at presentation with chordoma and its prognostic value.

Background: Chordoma is a rare bone cancer arising from the embryonic notochord with special predilection to the axial skeleton. The locally destructive nature and metastatic potential of chordomas can lead to devastating outcomes in terms of survival. The purpose of this study was to examine potential risk factors predictive of metastatic disease at presentation and prognostic factors in patients with metastasis.

Proteomics Reveals Distinctive Host Cell Protein Expression Patterns in Fed-Batch and Perfusion Cell Culture Processes.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used to produce recombinant proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), through various process modes. While fed-batch (FB) processes have been the standard, a shift toward high-density perfusion processes is being driven by increased productivity, flexible facility footprints, and lower costs. Ensuring the clearance of process-related impurities, such as host cell proteins (HCPs), is crucial in biologics manufacturing.

To Weed or to Keep: A Renovation-Driven Weeding Project of the Health Sciences Library Reference Collection with a Focus on the Last Institutional Copies - A Case Study.

The weeding project of the George F. Smith Library Reference Collection was undertaken due to anticipated space reconfiguration. With no place to relocate the reference books, the librarians eliminated the reference books from the area selected for redesign by discarding material or interfiling it with the circulating collection.

"Where There's a Will There's a Way": The Impact of State Variations in the Implementation of Continuous Coverage on Access to Postpartum Care During the Pandemic Emergency.

Objectives: To explore how the Medicaid continuous coverage requirement and unwinding process was implemented in three states with diverse existing policy environments and implications for the implementation of post-emergency 12-month postpartum extensions.

Data Sources: State data on unwinding performance and qualitative in-depth interviews with 48 stakeholders and patient-facing healthcare workers in Texas, New York and New Jersey.

Study Design: State Medicaid stakeholders and patient-facing healthcare workers in each state were interviewed with the goal of gaining insights into: (1) How the continuous coverage requirement was implemented; (2) What effects continuous coverage had on access to care for postpartum mothers; (3) How states are implementing the pandemic unwinding and postpartum extensions.

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm formation of the anterior cerebral artery following placement of an external ventricular drain: illustrative case.

Background: External ventricular drains (EVDs) provide an invaluable diagnostic method for accessing cerebrospinal fluid and therapeutically treating elevated intracranial pressure. Although complications including hemorrhage and infection have been well documented, the formation of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms following EVD placement has rarely been reported. The authors present a case of this exceedingly rare complication of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm formation following EVD placement.

Transition to Survivorship Care for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with Acute Leukemia: Provider Perspectives.

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 39 years are at risk for adverse late health effects following cancer treatment and require ongoing survivorship care. This study aims to understand the landscape of transitioning AYAs with leukemia from active treatment to survivorship care. A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was sent out via listserv/email.

Promising Predictors of Adolescent Sexual Behavior Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Research.

This review examined research to identify longitudinal predictors of adolescent sexual behavior outcomes. These predictors hold promise as potential outcomes for teen pregnancy prevention program evaluations when measuring sexual behavior outcomes is infeasible or theoretically, methodologically, or developmentally inappropriate. We conducted a systematic review using a prespecified search strategy and processes consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Unlocking hidden treasures: the evolution of high-throughput mass spectrometry in screening for cryptic natural products.

Covering: 1994 to 2024Historically, microbial natural product discovery has been predominantly guided by biological activity from crude microbial extracts with metabolite characterization proceeding one molecule at a time. Despite decades of bioactivity-guided isolations, genomic evidence now suggests that we have only accessed a small fraction of the total natural product potential from microorganisms and that the products of the vast majority of biosynthetic pathways remain to be identified. Here we describe recent advancements that have enabled high-throughput mass spectrometry and comparative metabolomics, which in turn facilitate high-throughput natural product discovery.

Physical function estimates change in pain following IIPT among children with chronic pain.

Introduction: Chronic pain can negatively impact a child's quality of life. Pediatric Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment (IIPT) programs aim to improve overall functioning despite pain through various rehabilitative strategies. It is, however, unclear whether improved function corresponds to self-reported decrease in pain levels.

Could the R2C2 Feedback and Coaching Model Enhance Feedback Literacy Behaviors: A Qualitative Study Exploring Learner-Preceptor Feedback Conversations.

Introduction: Feedback literacy (FBL) is a critical skill for learners encompassing four behaviors: appreciating feedback, making judgements, managing affect, and taking action. Little guidance has been available for clinical preceptors to promote FBL. The R2C2 feedback and coaching model that guides teachers through building Relationships, exploring Reactions and Reflections, discussing Content and Coaching to co-develop an action plan for follow-up may support FBL.

Direct observation of small molecule activator binding to single PR65 protein.

The reactivation of heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) through small molecule activators is of interest to therapeutic intervention due to its dysregulation, which is linked to chronic conditions. This study focuses on the PP2A scaffold subunit PR65 and a small molecule activator, ATUX-8385, designed to bind directly to this subunit. Using a label-free single-molecule approach with nanoaperture optical tweezers (NOT), we quantify its binding, obtaining a dissociation constant of 13.

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Polaritons at Room Temperature in a GaAs/AlGaAs Structure.

We report the canonical properties of the Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons in the weak coupling regime, seen previously in many low-temperature experiments, at room temperature in a GaAs/AlGaAs structure. These effects include a nonlinear energy shift of the polaritons, showing that they are not noninteracting photons, and dramatic line narrowing due to coherence, giving coherent emission with a spectral width of 0.24 meV at room temperature with no external stabilization.