A Proposed mHealth Intervention to Address Patient Barriers to Colposcopy Attendance: Qualitative Interview Study of Clinic Staff and Patient Perspectives.

Background: Cervical cancer disparities persist among minoritized women due to infrequent screening and poor follow-up. Structural and psychosocial barriers to following up with colposcopy are problematic for minoritized women. Evidence-based interventions using patient navigation and tailored telephone counseling, including the Tailored Communication for Cervical Cancer Risk (TC3), have modestly improved colposcopy attendance.

Nonclinical and clinical characterization of the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of islatravir.

The development of new and improved antiretroviral therapies that allow for alternative dosing schedules is needed for people living with HIV-1. Islatravir is a deoxyadenosine analog in development for the treatment of HIV-1 that suppresses HIV-1 replication via multiple mechanisms of action, including reverse transcriptase translocation inhibition and delayed chain termination. Islatravir is differentiated from other HIV-1 antiretrovirals by its high potency, long , broad tissue distribution, and favorable drug resistance profile.

Addressing the Shortage of Academic Nurse Educators: An Opportunity for Collaboration Between Academic and Healthcare Organization Leaders.

Background: The numbers of nursing school admissions and, thus, future nursing graduates are directly affected by the lack of qualified ANEs.

Methods: A consortium of diverse ANEs was formed to research these questions using the nominal group technique.

Results: Two central themes emerged from the consortium: support and collaboration.

Emerging themes in microbial stress response and mechanistic insights: key findings from the fall 2024 ASM Theobald Smith Society meeting.

The annual fall meeting for the Theobald Smith Society was held in November 2024 on the campus of Rutgers University-New Brunswick. Eighty-six branch members from across New Jersey attended the meeting, composed of undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral trainees, faculty members, and government and industry professionals. This report highlights the breadth and diversity of research conducted by American Society for Microbiology members in the Theobald Smith Society and celebrates their groundbreaking discoveries.

Surgical Opioid Stewardship: From the Epidemic Through the Pandemic and Beyond.

Background: In response to the opioid epidemic, prescribing guidelines and statewide surgical opioid management programs were initiated in 2018-19. This analysis aims to document the sustainability of a regional opioid stewardship consortium through the pandemic and beyond.

Study Design: From September 2019 through August 2023, 15 NSQIP hospitals in two states gathered opioid-specific variables on patients undergoing 12 procedures.

Environmental Exposures Associated with Enteropathogen Infection in Six-Month-Old Children Enrolled in the ECoMiD Cohort along a Rural-Urban Gradient in Northern Ecuador†.

Enteropathogens are major contributors to mortality and morbidity, particularly in settings with limited access to water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure. To assess transmission pathways associated with enteropathogen infection, we measured household environmental conditions and assayed 22 enteropathogens using TaqMan Array Cards in stool samples from 276 six-month-old children living in communities along a rural-urban gradient in Northern Ecuador. We utilized multivariable models, risk factor importance, and distance-based statistical methods to test factors associated with infection.

Enhancing the Travel Experience for People with Visual Impairments through Multimodal Interaction: NaviGPT, A Real-Time AI-Driven Mobile Navigation System.

Assistive technologies for people with visual impairments (PVI) have made significant advancements, particularly with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and real-time sensor technologies. However, current solutions often require PVI to switch between multiple apps and tools for tasks like image recognition, navigation, and obstacle detection, which can hinder a seamless and efficient user experience. In this paper, we present NaviGPT, a high-fidelity prototype that integrates LiDAR-based obstacle detection, vibration feedback, and large language model (LLM) responses to provide a comprehensive and real-time navigation aid for PVI.

Strategic Management of Valve Infolding in Evolut TAVR Procedures: Enhancing Outcomes and Ensuring Patient Safety.

Transcatheter aortic valve repair (TAVR) presents a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgical valve replacement, albeit not without its own set of complications. A rare complication is the infolding of the self-expanding valve, which can precipitate cardiac arrest. The estimated incidence rate of this complication stands at 1.

Macrophage Activation Syndrome/Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adult-Onset Still's Disease: An Uncommon Initial Presentation in a Young Nepalese Female: A Case Report.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is a fatal systemic hyperinflammatory syndrome. HLH may be due to immunosuppression, infections, cancer, or autoimmune diseases with fever and cytopenia. HLH which occurs in adult-onset Stills disease (AOSD) is called secondary HLH, also known as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).

Current Applications and Future Directions for Vascular Stents with Stem Cells in the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Mini-Review.

Vascular stents and stem cells have been used in high-acuity cases for many decades, particularly in cardiology. Providing the physician with another avenue of treatment, they have had a reasonable amount of success. However, there has been very little research conducted on seeding vascular stents with stem cells when treating intracranial aneurysms.

A Randomized Clinical Study Investigating the Stain Removal Efficacy of Two Experimental Dentifrices.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate extrinsic tooth stain removal and whitening efficacy of two experimental dentifrices containing (i) 5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP)/1% micronized alumina or (ii) 5% STP/1% micronized alumina with abrasive silica (ED2) compared to a regular fluoride dentifrice (RFD) following 8 weeks of use.

Materials And Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, blind, three-arm, stratified, parallel-group study. Eligible participants underwent clinical assessment of stain on the facial/lingual surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth using the modified Lobene stain index (MLSI), and shade of the facial surfaces of the central and lateral maxillary incisors using the VITA Bleachedguide 3D-Master (VITA) shade guide.

Identifying genetic differences between bipolar disorder and major depression through multiple genome-wide association analyses.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is difficult in clinical practice, with an average delay between symptom onset and diagnosis of about 7 years. A depressive episode often precedes the first manic episode, making it difficult to distinguish BPD from unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims: We use genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to identify differential genetic factors and to develop predictors based on polygenic risk scores (PRS) that may aid early differential diagnosis.

Determining the intention of receiving the influenza vaccine: a cross-sectional survey among international and domestic college students in the USA.

Objective: Vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing infectious diseases, yet it is underused in young adults. College students are important targets for the influenza vaccine given this population's low vaccination rates; however, limited research has focused on international college students' vaccination status. This study examined the relationships between the theory of planned behaviour (TPB; attitudes, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and subjective norms) and students' intention of receiving an influenza vaccine.

Modified Delphi expert elicitation of the clinical and economic burden of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in England and Northern Ireland.

Objective: To estimate the resource use of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), stratified by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, in the English and Northern Irish healthcare systems via expert elicitation.

Design: Modified Delphi framework methodology.

Setting: UK HCM secondary care centres (n=24).

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Replication and Reliability Assessment Across a Research Network.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to use observational methods to evaluate reliability of evidence generated by a study of the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) outcomes among Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Research Design And Methods: We independently reproduced a study comparing effects of GLP-1RA versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-i) on CLRD outcomes among patients with T2DM and prior CLRD. We reproduced inputs and outputs using the original study data (national administrative claims) and evaluated the robustness of results in comparison to alternate design/analysis decisions.

Short- and Mid-Term Outcomes Following ALIF and TLIF in L5-S1 Isthmic Spondylolisthesis Patients.

Background: A limited number of studies have compared the outcomes of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) to transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for the treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis. This study aims to compare postoperative complications between these two surgical approaches.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed using a large national database.

Occult collision tumor of the gastroesophageal junction comprising adenocarcinomas with distinct molecular profiles.

Collision tumors, characterized by the coexistence of two unique neoplasms in close approximation, are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. This is particularly true when the unique neoplasms are of the same histologic type. Here we report such a case where comprehensive tumor profiling by next generation sequencing (NGS) as well as immunohistochemistry revealed two independent adenocarcinomas comprising what was initially diagnosed as a single adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal (GEJ) junction.

Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Affective Traits and Mental Disorders.

Personality traits involving negative affect, as well as mental disorders including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, are cardiovascular risk factors. However, which of these confer risk independently is uncertain, and the implications of their overlap, combinations, and interactions are poorly understood. Potential explanatory mechanisms are being characterized with increasing detail and sophistication.

Pick-and-Place Transfer of Arbitrary-Metal Electrodes for van der Waals Device Fabrication.

Van der Waals electrode integration is a promising strategy to create nearly perfect interfaces between metals and 2D materials, with advantages such as eliminating Fermi-level pinning and reducing contact resistance. However, the lack of a simple, generalizable pick-and-place transfer technology has greatly hampered the wide use of this technique. We demonstrate the pick-and-place transfer of prefabricated electrodes from reusable polished hydrogenated diamond substrates without the use of any sacrificial layers due to the inherent low-energy and dangling-bond-free nature of the hydrogenated diamond surface.

Efficacy of absorbable vs. non-absorbable patient-specific, 3D-printed implants for the treatment of facial bone fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the efficacy and complication rate of absorbable versus non-absorbable 3D-printed, patient-customized, maxillofacial implants in facial trauma patients.

Data Sources: A comprehensive search of four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) was conducted.

Methods: A systematic review and single-proportion meta-analysis was conducted employing PRISMA guidelines.

Stress Management Program for Scanxiety in People With Advanced Lung Cancer: Intervention Adaptation and Stakeholder Feedback.

Background: Although scanxiety is common and impactful for people with advanced lung cancer, few interventions address this psychosocial concern.

Aims: To create a stress management program for scanxiety.

Methods: We conducted a structured intervention adaptation process guided by the ADAPT-ITT framework.

Age-associated differences in FIRES: Characterizing prodromal presentation and long-term outcomes via the web-based NORSE/FIRES Family Registry.

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare clinical presentation of refractory status epilepticus following a febrile infection. This study analyzes data from the NORSE/FIRES Family Registry, an international web-based registry available in six languages with data entered by patients, families, and clinicians to explore clinical presentations, survivorship, and long-term outcomes in adult and pediatric FIRES patients. We characterize and examine differences in demographics, prodromal symptoms, seizure frequency, anti-seizure medications (ASMs), quality of life, cognition, mood, and anxiety in adults vs pediatric populations with FIRES.

Use of continuous cardiac monitoring to assess the influence of atrial fibrillation burden and patterns on patient symptoms and healthcare utilization: The DEFINE AFib study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has a significant impact on health and quality of life. The relationship of AF burden and temporal patterns of AF on patient symptoms, outcomes, and healthcare utilization is unknown. Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are a strategic and as yet untapped, tool to investigate these relationships.