Feruloylacetone and Its Analog Demethoxyferuloylacetone Mitigate Obesity-Related Muscle Atrophy and Insulin Resistance in Mice.

Obesity-induced muscle alterations, such as inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and myosteatosis, lead to a decline in muscle mass and function, often resulting in sarcopenic obesity. Currently, there are no definitive treatments for sarcopenic obesity beyond lifestyle changes and dietary supplementation. Feruloylacetone (FER), a thermal degradation product of curcumin, and its analog demethoxyferuloylacetone (DFER), derived from the thermal degradation of bisdemethoxycurcumin, have shown potential antiobesity effects in previous studies.

Urinary Kidney Injury Biomarker Profiles in Healthy Individuals and After Nephrotoxic and Ischemic Injury.

Two observational studies were conducted to support an initiative to qualify translational kidney safety biomarkers as clinical drug development tools that identify tubular injury prior to changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Normal healthy volunteers provided three morning spot urine collections over 4 weeks. Patients undergoing surgical resection and intrathoracic cisplatin for malignant pleural mesothelioma provided urine samples pre- and postoperatively at 4, 8, and 12 hours and daily for 6 days.

BIS Guided Titration of Sevoflurane in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: In pediatric patients, the use of processed EEG monitoring may reduce the amount of anesthesia administered while maintaining adequate depth of anesthesia.

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether use of a BIS monitor to guide sevoflurane administration might reduce the average end tidal sevoflurane concentration used in children 4-18 years of age.

Methods: Participants in three age groups (4-8, 9-12, and 13-18 years) were randomized to either the BIS guided group or the control group.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Histopathologic Features of Acral Skin Biopsies in Dermatomyositis Patients and Comparison to Histopathologic Features in Non-Acral Biopsies.

Background: Acral lesions may represent the best/only skin lesions to biopsy in patients suspected to have dermatomyositis (DM). However, histopathologic features of acral DM skin lesions are poorly characterized.

Methods: We reviewed 50 acral biopsies from 46 DM patients and assessed numerous histopathologic features.

Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: a spectrum of uncommon morphologic subtypes, unusual imaging patterns and mimics.

Advances in imaging techniques have evolved, allowing for early noninvasive diagnosis and improved management of high-risk patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hallmark imaging features of HCC on multiphasic cross-sectional imaging can be explained by the multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis and is seen in 60% of cases. However, approximately 40% of cases do not abide by the classic imaging appearance and may pose a diagnostic challenge for radiologists.

An Analysis of the Prevalence and Trends in Drug-Related Lyrics on Twitter (X): Quantitative Approach.

Background: The pervasiveness of drug culture has become evident in popular music and social media. Previous research has examined drug abuse content in both social media and popular music; however, to our knowledge, the intersection of drug abuse content in these 2 domains has not been explored. To address the ongoing drug epidemic, we analyzed drug-related content on Twitter (subsequently rebranded X), with a specific focus on lyrics.

Adverse childhood experiences and defensive gun use: The indirect role of threat sensitivity and depressive symptoms.

Background/purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to various detrimental life outcomes, including an increase in threat sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Studies have also found an association between ACEs and firearm ownership. To date, no study has assessed whether ACEs have direct or indirect effects on defensive gun use (DGU) through these risk factors.

The community dynamic alterations mechanisms of traveling plastics in the Pearl River estuary with the salinity influence.

Most ocean plastics originate from terrestrial emissions, and the plastisphere on the plastics would alter during the traveling due to the significant differences in biological communities between freshwater and marine ecosystems. Microorganisms are influenced by the increasing salinity during traveling. To understand the contribution of plastic on the alteration in biological communities of plastisphere during traveling, this study investigated the alterations in microbial communities on plastics during the migration from freshwater to brackish water and saltwater.

Noninvertible Symmetry-Resolved Affleck-Ludwig-Cardy Formula and Entanglement Entropy from the Boundary Tube Algebra.

We derive a refined version of the Affleck-Ludwig-Cardy formula for a 1+1D conformal field theory, which controls the asymptotic density of high energy states on an interval transforming under a given representation of a noninvertible global symmetry. We use this to determine the universal leading and subleading contributions to the noninvertible symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy of a single interval. As a concrete example, we show that the ground state entanglement Hamiltonian for a single interval in the critical double Ising model enjoys a Kac-Paljutkin H_{8} Hopf algebra symmetry when the boundary conditions at the entangling points are chosen to preserve the product of two Kramers-Wannier symmetries, and we present the corresponding symmetry-resolved entanglement entropies.

The Utility of Preoperative Phenylephrine Testing in Müller Muscle Conjunctival Resection Surgery for Involutional Ptosis.

Purpose: Phenylephrine testing prior to Müller muscle conjunctival resection has traditionally been used to predict postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine if preoperative phenylephrine testing impacts postoperative changes in eyelid position.

Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional cohort study, 270 eyelids of participants with involutional ptosis and levator function >12 mm who underwent Müller muscle conjunctival resection were divided into 2 comparison groups.

Single cell RNA-seq reveals that granulosa cells are a target of phthalate toxicity in the ovary.

Phthalates are known endocrine disrupting chemicals and ovarian toxicants that are used widely in consumer products. Phthalates have been shown to exert ovarian toxicity on multiple endpoints, altering transcription of genes responsible for normal ovarian function. However, the molecular mechanisms by which phthalates act on the ovary are not well understood.

Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Has No Advantage Over Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow Aspirate Injections for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Microfragmented adipose tissue has been proposed for intra-articular treatment of knee osteoarthritis. There are little data comparing the outcomes of treatment between microfragmented adipose tissue and other biological treatments.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing microfragmented aspirated fat injections to other orthobiologics, hyaluronic acid, and corticosteroid injections for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is sometimes characterized as "type 3 diabetes" because hyperglycemia impairs cognitive function, particularly in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal regions. Further, both AD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) disproportionately impact African Americans. Although people with T2D are generally suggested to have lower episodic memory and executive function, limited data exist in older African Americans.

Nasal Septal Abscesses: A Systematic Review.

Background: Nasal septal abscesses (NSA) necessitate prompt recognition and management to prevent morbidity and long-term sequelae. To date, no comprehensive review of NSA alone has been conducted.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the presentation and management of NSA and determine patients at risk of sequelae.

Emergent Symmetry and Valley Chern Insulator in Twisted Double-Bilayer Graphene.

Theoretical calculations show that twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) under a transverse electric field develops a valley Chern number 2 at charge neutrality. Using thermodynamic and thermal activation measurements we report the experimental observation of a universal closing of the charge neutrality gap in the Hofstadter spectrum of TDBG at 1/2 magnetic flux per unit cell, in agreement with theoretical predictions for a valley Chern number 2 gap. Our theoretical analysis of the experimental data shows that the interaction energy, while larger than the flat-band bandwidth in TDBG near 1° does not alter the emergent valley symmetry or the single-particle band topology.

Quantum Turnstiles for Robust Measurement of Full Counting Statistics.

We present a scalable protocol for measuring full counting statistics (FCS) in experiments or tensor-network simulations. In this method, an ancilla in the middle of the system acts as a turnstile, with its phase keeping track of the time-integrated particle flux. Unlike quantum gas microscopy, the turnstile protocol faithfully captures FCS starting from number-indefinite initial states or in the presence of noisy dynamics.

Corner Charge Fluctuation as an Observable for Quantum Geometry and Entanglement in Two-Dimensional Insulators.

Measuring bipartite fluctuations of a conserved charge, such as the particle number, is a powerful approach to understanding quantum systems. When the measured region has sharp corners, the bipartite fluctuation receives an additional contribution known to exhibit a universal angle dependence in 2D isotropic and uniform systems. Here we establish that, for generic lattice systems of interacting particles, the corner charge fluctuation is directly related to quantum geometry.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Assessment of cognition in older Chinese Americans currently relies on content-translated instruments with limited considerations for logographic (vs. alphabetic) nature of Chinese, cultural experience (pre- and post-immigration), speech rate, and multilingualism. This results in confusion between fluency tasks, systematic error in digit span, disparate familiarity with stimuli according to country of origin (e.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: South Asian (SA) Americans are underrepresented in US Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research. Despite sharing common languages, SA Americans differ from those in South Asia in education, health-related behaviors, and environmental exposures. NYC/NJ-area SA communities overwhelmingly revealed English-based neuropsychological testing preference given that many speak non-Hindi languages.

Antihypertensive Deprescribing and Functional Status in VA Long-Term Care Residents With and Without Dementia.

Background: Deprescribing antihypertensives is of growing interest in geriatric medicine, yet the impact on functional status is unknown. We emulated a target trial of deprescribing antihypertensive medications compared with continued use on functional status measured by activities of daily living (ADL) in a long-term care population.

Methods: We included 12,238 Veteran Affairs long-term care residents age 65+ who had a stay ≥ 12 weeks between 2006 and 2019.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva: A Population-Based Study on Epidemiologic Trends, Cancer-Specific Survival Patterns, and the Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasms, 1975 to 2016.

Purpose: To analyze the national epidemiologic trends of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCCC) over 4 decades, providing the largest report on disease-specific survival (DSS) outcomes and investigating the risk of developing second primary neoplasms in these patients.

Methods: This retrospective, population-based cohort study analyzed 1,172 patients diagnosed with SCCC from January 1, 1975, through December 31, 2016. Data were extracted from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Exploring the role of the rock climbing Treadwall as a novel therapy tool in physical rehabilitation.

Background: Rock climbing offers numerous health benefits, but accessibility and safety concerns limit its therapeutic use, especially for individuals with disabilities. No prior studies have explored the potential benefits of integrating the Treadwall, a rotating climbing wall with improved accessibility and safety, into rehabilitation protocols.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of implementing a Treadwall climbing intervention as a novel therapy tool for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.