A glass half full of money: Dispositional optimism and wealth accumulation across the income spectrum.

What drives some people to save more effectively for their future than others? This multistudy investigation (N = 143,461) explores how dispositional optimism-the generalized tendency to hold positive expectations about the future-shapes individuals' financial decisions and outcomes. Leveraging both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs across several countries, our findings reveal that optimism significantly predicts greater savings over time, even when controlling for various demographic, psychological, and financial covariates. Furthermore, we find that the role of optimism varies based on socioeconomic circumstances: Among lower income individuals, optimism is more strongly associated with saving.

SARS-CoV-2 CoCoPUTs: analyzing GISAID and NCBI data to obtain codon statistics, mutations, and free energy over a multiyear period.

A consistent area of interest since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been the sequence composition of the virus and how it has changed over time. Many resources have been developed for the storage and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 data, such as GISAID (Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data), NCBI, Nextstrain, and outbreak.info.

Enhanced porphyrin-based hypoxia imaging by temporal oversampling of delayed fluorescence signal.

Significance: Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) delayed fluorescence (DF) is inversely related to the oxygen present in tissues and has potential as a novel biomarker for surgical guidance and real-time tissue metabolism assessment. Despite the unique promise of this technique, its successful clinical translation is limited by the low intensity emitted.

Aim: We developed a systematic study of ways to increase the PpIX DF signal through acquisition sampling changes, allowing optimized imaging at video rates.

Engaging Patients in Discussions About Medication Deprescribing.

Background: Deprescribing, intentional medication discontinuation or dose reduction, can reduce potentially inappropriate medication use and medication-related harms. Engaging patients in deprescribing discussions may increase likelihood of deprescribing and promote shared decision-making.

Objective: To examine the impact of patient-directed educational brochures on patient engagement and deprescribing discussions with primary care providers (PCPs).

Medical Imaging Data Strategies for Catalyzing AI Medical Device Innovation.

Continuous and consistent access to quality medical imaging data stimulates innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for patient care. Breakthrough innovations in data-driven AI technologies are founded on seamless communication between data providers, data managers, data users and regulators or other evaluators to determine the standards for quality data. However, the complexity in imaging data quality and heterogeneous nature of AI-enabled medical devices and their intended uses presents several challenges limiting the clinical translation of novel AI technologies.

Latest clinical frontiers related to autism diagnostic strategies.

The diagnosis of autism is currently based on the developmental history, direct observation of behavior, and reported symptoms, supplemented by rating scales/interviews/structured observational evaluations-which is influenced by the clinician's knowledge and experience-with no established diagnostic biomarkers. A growing body of research has been conducted over the past decades to improve diagnostic accuracy. Here, we provide an overview of the current diagnostic assessment process as well as of recent and ongoing developments to support diagnosis in terms of genetic evaluation, telemedicine, digital technologies, use of machine learning/artificial intelligence, and research on candidate diagnostic biomarkers.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Alaska's Flora as a Treatment for Cancer.

Cancer is an extraordinarily complex illness, with many tumors ultimately developing resistance to the currently available therapeutics. This highlights a need for the discovery of new anticancer medicines. Natural products have been utilized for centuries by the indigenous people of Alaska for both spiritual and medicinal purposes and have traditionally been administered as medicine for a wide range of ailments from the common cold to cancer.

Trends of Representation of Women in Professional Medical Societal Leadership in the United States and Europe.

Background: There continue to be significant gender disparities with women being underrepresented in medical professional society leadership roles, despite more women entering medical school.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the pattern of representation of women in medical society presidential positions in the United States and Europe over the past 50 years. It further examines gender-related trends in the field of cardiology and among medical trainees.

Leveraging Model Master Files for Long-Acting Injectables.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Center for Research on Complex Generics (CRCG) hosted a public workshop on May 2-3, 2024, titled "Considerations and Potential Regulatory Applications for a Model Master File (Lachaine et al Can J Psychiatry.

Difficulty With Board Certification in Urology Is Associated With Adverse Medical License Actions.

Introduction: Board certification in urology is a multistep process including a written qualifying examination (QE), followed by an oral certifying examination (CE) approximately 2 years after residency or fellowship completion. The goal of this process is to ensure that urologists are well trained, have an extensive fund of knowledge, demonstrate professionalism and competence in practice, and are safe to practice urology. Board certification in urology serves to both establish and confirm physician competence and ultimately protect the public.

The COVID-19 Impact on Employment for LGBT Individuals With Disabilities: An Examination of the 2021 Household Pulse Survey.

The 2021 Household Pulse Survey (HPS) was examined as it relates to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the impact on employment for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and members with disabilities. The purpose of the study was to understand the effect of COVID-19 on both groups as it relates to employment, specifically focusing on work loss. In analyzing the HPS, the population of the LGBT community was estimated as 7.

A Bitter Pill: The Ethics of Involuntary Treatment of Adolescents With Severe Eating Disorders.

Severe eating disorders (EDs) are a common and increasing threat to normal adolescent health and development. Major clinical challenges include longstanding malnutrition potentially complicated by emergent electrolyte disorders and cardiac dysfunction. The care of adolescents with severe EDs can lead to challenging decisions regarding the initiation of involuntary feeding with restraints.

An Asset-Based Examination of Contextual Factors Influencing Nutrition Security: The Case of Rural Northern New England.

Background/objectives: Rural communities face a disproportionate burden in terms of diet-related health challenges and have been identified as a target for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's nutrition security initiatives.

Spatial Characterization of Woody Species Diversity in Tropical Savannas Using GEDI and Optical Data.

Developing the capacity to monitor species diversity worldwide is of great importance in halting biodiversity loss. To this end, remote sensing plays a unique role. In this study, we evaluate the potential of Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data, combined with conventional satellite optical imagery and climate reanalysis data, to predict in situ alpha diversity (Species richness, Simpson index, and Shannon index) among tree species.

A point-based cognitive impairment scoring system for Southeast Asian adults short title: Cognitive impairment scoring system.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a growing concern in Southeast Asian populations, where the burden of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is high. Currently, there is no point-based scoring system for identifying cognitive impairment in these populations.

Objective: To develop and validate a simple point-based Cognitive Impairment Scoring System (CISS) for identifying individuals with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and concomitant CeVD in Southeast Asian populations.

Management of Insomnia in the General Hospital.

The Psychiatric Consultation Service at Massachusetts General Hospital sees medical and surgical inpatients with comorbid psychiatric symptoms and conditions. During their twice-weekly rounds, Dr Stern and other members of the Consultation Service discuss diagnosis and management of hospitalized patients with complex medical or surgical problems who also demonstrate psychiatric symptoms or conditions. These discussions have given rise to rounds reports that will prove useful for clinicians practicing at the interface of medicine and psychiatry.

An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States.

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations.

Serious Bacterial Infections and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Syndemic or Intertwined Epidemics?

Limited research has examined the possible synergistic interrelationships between serious bacterial infections (SBIs) of the heart (i.e., endocarditis), bone, spine, brain, or joints (e.

Harmonizing excellence: Crafting the nexus of competencies, standards, and degree demands in nurse practitioner education.

Nurse practitioner (NP) programs have a long history of producing safe and competent NPs; however, bold, transformative leadership is needed to set a minimum standard for quality NP education to support a 21st-century healthcare system. This paper is a call to action for leaders in NP education to transition NP education to the DNP degree utilizing the 2022 National Task Force Standards for Quality NP Education and a competency-based approach as defined in the 2021 AACN Essentials. There is now an opportunity to redesign healthcare systems with quality and equity as a primary consideration and DNP-prepared NPs are positioned to lead this redesign.

Antarctic krill vertical migrations modulate seasonal carbon export.

Vertical migrations by marine organisms contribute to carbon export by consumption of surface phytoplankton followed by defecation in the deep ocean. However, biogeochemical models lack observational data, leading to oversimplified representation of carbon cycling by migrating organisms, such as Antarctic krill (). Using a numerical model informed by 1 year of acoustic observations in the East Antarctic, we estimated the total particulate organic carbon (POC) flux from krill fecal pellets to be 9.

Lessons From Implementing Research-Supported Practices to Address Psychiatric Illnesses in Two Countries.

Across the globe, psychiatric illnesses are common, painful, often disabling, and sometimes deadly. Although well-researched practices exist to address these disorders, most people with psychiatric illnesses do not have access to care that has been demonstrated to be effective. Practical clinical leadership experience and engagement in evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation research in Colombia and the United States have demonstrated that multisite EBP implementation is possible and that effective implementation improves outcomes for people who develop psychiatric illnesses.

Exploring the Intersection of Gender Diversity and Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review With a Focus on Clinical Care.

Background: Little research has been conducted solely exploring gender diversity in people with intellectual disabilities. This review explores the literature, discusses the prevalence, and identifies clinical best practices for people at the intersection of gender diversity and intellectual disability.

Method: A scoping review was conducted utilising PRISMA methodology of the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Cochrane Library (Wiley), Dissertations & Theses Global (ProQuest), PsycInfo (EBSCO), Scopus and Web of Science.

GCL_FCS30: a global coastline dataset with 30-m resolution and a fine classification system from 2010 to 2020.

The coastline reflects coastal environmental processes and dynamic changes, serving as a fundamental parameter for coast. Although several global coastline datasets have been developed, they mainly focus on coastal morphology, the typology of coastlines are still lacking. We produced a Global CoastLine Dataset (GCL_FCS30) with a detailed classification system.