High-Risk Opioid Prescribing and Nurse Practitioner Independence.

Importance: Concerns around excessive opioid prescribing have been used to argue against the expansion of the scope of practice of nurse practitioners (NPs), but the association of NP practice independence with high-risk opioid prescribing is not well understood.

Objective: To assess whether the rates of high-risk opioid prescribing changed in association with NP independence legislation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This difference-in-differences analysis compared rates of high-risk opioid prescribing in 6 states over 2 years following the adoption of NP independence compared with 10 neighboring nonadopting states from January 2012 to December 2021.

Economic Impacts of Technology-Facilitated Abuse Among U.S. Young Adults.

Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) can result in long-term financial and mental health impacts on survivors. However, little research has been published to date about the types of costs and the economic burden that survivors of TFA experience. This study presents results from a U.

Consumer Understanding of Prescription Drug Indications in Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertisements.

Background: Prescription drugs may be indicated to treat more than one medical condition, and companies may promote more than one indication in the same direct-to-consumer (DTC) ad. This study examined how presenting multiple prescription drug indications in one DTC television ad affects consumers' processing of drug information.

Methods: We conducted two studies with adults diagnosed with diabetes (Study 1, N = 408) or rheumatoid arthritis (Study 2, N = 411).

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychological, and neurostimulatory interventions for ADHD in adults: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis.

Background: The comparative benefits and harms of available interventions for ADHD in adults remain unclear. We aimed to address these important knowledge gaps.

Methods: In this systematic review and component network meta-analysis (NMA), we searched multiple databases for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD in adults from database inception to Sept 6, 2023.

A Compensated Clock: Temperature and Nutritional Compensation Mechanisms Across Circadian Systems.

Circadian rhythms are ∼24-h biological oscillations that enable organisms to anticipate daily environmental cycles, so that they may designate appropriate day/night functions that align with these changes. The molecular clock in animals and fungi consists of a transcription-translation feedback loop, the plant clock is comprised of multiple interlocking feedback-loops, and the cyanobacterial clock is driven by a phosphorylation cycle involving three main proteins. Despite the divergent core clock mechanisms across these systems, all circadian clocks are able to buffer period length against changes in the ambient growth environment, such as temperature and nutrients.

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Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become crucial for evidence-based decision-making in recent decades. However, it is common for the results of multiple reviews on the same topic to be inconsistent, and it is widely recognised that the results of the reviews are not always effectively communicated to healthcare professionals and the lay public. This manuscript proposes a strategy to summarise and communicate the findings of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses to wider audiences.

First Retrospective QA of FAST-01 Clinical Treatment Fields Using High-Speed Quantitative Scintillation Imaging.

Purpose: To retrospectively validate the dose and dose rates delivered in FAST-01 clinical trial fields via submillimeter spatial and <0.25 ms temporal resolution scintillation imaging.

Methods And Materials: An ultrafast intensified CMOS camera (4.

Proteomic analysis of the sponge Aggregation Factor implicates an ancient toolkit for allorecognition and adhesion in animals.

The discovery that sponges (Porifera) can fully regenerate from aggregates of dissociated cells launched them as one of the earliest experimental models to study the evolution of cell adhesion and allorecognition in animals. This process depends on an extracellular glycoprotein complex called the Aggregation Factor (AF), which is composed of proteins thought to be unique to sponges. We used quantitative proteomics to identify additional AF components and interacting proteins in the classical model, , and compared them to proteins involved in cell interactions in Bilateria.

Fermionic mean-field theory as a tool for studying spin Hamiltonians.

The Jordan-Wigner transformation permits one to convert spin 1/2 operators into spinless fermion ones, or vice versa. In some cases, it transforms an interacting spin Hamiltonian into a noninteracting fermionic one, which is exactly solved at the mean-field level. Even when the resulting fermionic Hamiltonian is interacting, its mean-field solution can provide surprisingly accurate energies and correlation functions.

Evaluation of rest interval following a series of tuck jumps on anaerobic performance.

Background/objective: This study assessed the influence of rest interval duration after tuck jumps on 10-s Wingate outcomes and countermovement jump height.

Methods: Eighteen resistance trained individuals (males: n = 10, 21.3 ± 3.

Hematological and immunological profiles of podoconiosis patients in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Background: Podoconiosis is a geo-chemically induced, non-infectious, familial, chronic lymphedema of the legs that occurs among barefoot people in rural, farming communities with extreme poverty. Despite a growing body of research surrounding the disease, the pathogenesis of the disease is relatively unknown. This study aims to investigate the immunological and hematological profiles of individuals affected by podoconiosis in comparison to healthy controls.

Clinical Decision-Making and Process Complications During Anticipated Difficult Airway Management for Elective Surgery.

Background: Difficult airway management (DAM) is a challenging aspect of anesthetic care. Although nearly all DAM episodes result in successful intubation, complications are common and clinical decision-making may be complex. In adults with anticipated DAM scheduled for nonemergent surgery, we prospectively observed clinical decisions made during DAM such as awake/sedated versus anesthetized, choice of initial and subsequent devices, case cancellation/postponement, conversions between awake and anesthetized approaches, and process complications such as multiple intubation/supraglottic airway (SGA) insertion attempts, difficult bag-mask ventilation (BMV), hypoxemia, and cardiovascular destabilization.

Complications of Estimating Hatchery Introgression in the Face of Rapid Divergence: A Case Study in Brook Trout ().

Fish stocking has been utilized for over a century to offset extirpations or declines in abundance of many native species. These historical declines and hatchery contributions have led to uncertainty surrounding whether many contemporary populations are native, introgressed with hatchery sources, or entirely of hatchery origin. Such uncertainty is problematic for the conservation of native biodiversity as it hampers management agencies' ability to prioritize the conservation of indigenous locally adapted populations.

The Professional Identity of STEM Faculty as Instructors of Course-based Research Experiences.

The professional identity of scientists has historically been cultivated to value research over teaching, which can undermine initiatives that aim to reform science education. Course-Based Research Experiences (CRE) and the inclusive Research and Education Communities (iREC) are two successful and impactful reform efforts that integrate research and teaching. The aim of this study is to explicate the professional identity of instructors who implement a CRE within an established iREC and to explore how this identity contributes to the success of these programs.

Independent FDA Analyses of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Resistance in the Phase 2/3 Trials EPIC-HR and EPIC-SR.

Background: PAXLOVID consists of nirmatrelvir, an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), copackaged with ritonavir, a pharmacokinetic enhancer. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir received emergency use authorization in the United States in 2021 and was approved in 2023. However, there is limited published information on SARS-CoV-2 clinical resistance to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.