The genetic architecture of substance use and its diverse correlations with mental health traits.

Although harmful substance use is common and represented by shared symptom features and high genetic correlations, the underlying genetic relationships between substance use traits have not been fully explored. We have investigated the genetic architecture of substance use traits through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using genomic structural equation modeling (Genomic SEM), and explored genetic correlations between different aspects of substance use and mental health-related traits. Genomic SEM was used to identify latent factors representing the relationships between 14 substance use traits (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and opioid use), and to confirm or modify existing latent factors for 38 mental health-related traits.

Caesarean section and associated factors in Nigeria: assessing inequalities between rural and urban areas-insights from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018.

Introduction: When medically indicated, caesarean section (CS) can be a life-saving intervention for mothers and their newborns. This study assesses the prevalence of CS and its associated factors, focussing on inequalities between rural and urban areas in Nigeria.

Methods: We disaggregated the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 and performed analyses separately for Nigeria's overall, rural, and urban residences.

Management of depression in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review.

Depression is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Both illnesses contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. This systematic literature review examines treatment interventions for CAD patients with comorbid depression.

Unlocking the diagnosis of depression in primary care: Which key symptoms are GPs using to determine diagnosis and severity?

Objective: Diagnosing depression in primary care settings is challenging. Patients are more likely to present with somatic symptoms, and typically with mild depression. Use of assessment scales is variable.

The comorbidity of anxiety and depression.

Objective: This study explored the effect of comorbid anxiety disorders in patients admitted to an inpatient specialist Mood Disorders Unit for the treatment of a primary major depressive episode.

Method: Subjects were assessed on admission and discharge. DSM-III-R diagnoses for major depression and anxiety disorders were established using CIDI-Auto; comorbid anxiety disorders were coexistent in time with the major depression, with both conditions meeting diagnostic criteria at the time of assessment.

Application of pharmacological principles to benzodiazepine therapy.

The benzodiazepines are a group of drugs which have recently received considerable adverse publicity from within the media, much of which is undeserved. It is not unusual for drugs to produce these strong reactions from within both the professional and the general community. This paper examines the validity of the benzodiazepines in clinical practice and suggests rational guidelines for their continued use based on the clinical pharmacology of the compounds concerned.