Periodic Frustrated Lewis Pairs on Bimetallic Oxide Semiconductors for CO Adsorption and Photocatalytic Conversion.

Lewis acids (LAs) or Lewis bases (LBs) have been recognized as crucial catalytically active sites for enhancing the adsorption and conversion of inert CO. However, engineering of periodic frustrated Lewis pairs (PFLPs) on the surfaces of semiconductor photocatalysts presents significant challenges, and the synergistic mechanism of PFLPs in CO photoreduction remains unclear. In this study, we propose a strategy that utilizes periodic oxygen vacancies to engineer dual-metallic PFLPs on bimetallic oxide semiconductor surfaces.

Measuring the viability of crystalline lens epithelial cells by triple Hoechst-Ethidium-Calcein-AM staining.

Purpose: To date, the assessment of lens epithelial cell viability has been proposed only in cell cultures or isolated capsule models. This study aimed to develop a method for quantifying the viability of epithelial cells on whole ex vivo crystalline lenses by triple labeling Hoechst 33342, ethidium homodimer, and calcein-acetoxymethyl (HEC).

Methods: Two models of induced cell death were used to study the performance and potential applications of the technique.

Supersecondary Structure Code for RNA: Trace of Conformational Change on the Ribosome and the R-Loop Formation of Cas9.

The shape of motifs is important for RNA functions and deeply reflects the structure of RNA at the supersecondary level, an intermediate level between secondary and spatial structure. However, there is currently no standardized classification system for the RNA supersecondary structures. Primary and secondary occupied conformations, accounting for 73% of the nucleic acid backbone units, were found by extending the concept of protein supersecondary structure code (SSSC) combined with the conformational code for organic molecules.

Enhanced Resistance of Zwitterionic Hydrogels against Marine Fouling Using a Zwitterionic Photo Cross-Linker.

Polyzwitterions have great potential as fouling-resistant materials for biomedical and environmental products, in particular, in the form of hydrogel coatings. While typically these are soft materials, for many applications it is also necessary to achieve sufficient mechanical stability. This may be accomplished by high degrees of cross-linking, which, however, will impair the overall hydrophilicity of the gels for the commonly used hydrophobic cross-linkers.

Facilitating OH* Generation on Atomic Pd-Cu Dual Sites towards Efficient Glycerol Electrooxidation to Formate.

The electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) represents a mild and sustainable pathway to produce value-added chemicals such as formate. However, the rational design and controlled synthesis of efficient catalysts to achieve highly selective C-C bond cleavage of glycerol towards formate remains a great challenge. Herein, atomic Pd doped CuN hollow nanocubes with Pd-Cu dual sites were prepared via the unique Kirkendall process, exhibiting superior electrocatalytic GOR activity and selectivity towards formate with a maximum Faraday efficiency of 91.

The role of mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium dysregulation in 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe-induced neurotoxicity.

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are designed to evade legal regulation while mimicking the effects of classic illicit drugs such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). This category includes phenethylamine derivatives, such as the psychedelic 2C and NBOMe drugs. Given the lack of data regarding the toxicological profile of these substances, the goal of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxicity of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe and explore their neurotoxic pathways.

Glassy Thermal Transport Triggers Ultra-High Thermoelectric Performance in GeTe.

The consequences of broken long-range atomic arrangement in glasses or amorphous solids are reflected in the temperature dependence of lattice thermal conductivity (κ). However, the appearance of glassy ultralow κ in a crystalline solid with high electrical transport like metal is unusual but can have a remarkable impact on the thermoelectric performance of a material. Here, an ultra-high thermoelectric performance is demonstrated with a maximum figure of merit, zT ≈ 2.

High quantum yield AIE covalent organic frameworks for sensitive pH monitoring, and copper toxicosis Diagnosis&Remission.

The luminescence properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted significant attention for biomedical applications. However, conventional fluorescent COFs often suffer from weak fluorescence due to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), limiting their utility. Given the critical need for highly efficient and sensitive biosensing tools, herein, we propose an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) COF, named COF-Bpy, with the quantum yield up to 25%.

Anti-tumor potential of Harmine and its derivatives: recent trends and advancements.

Harmine is a β-carboline alkaloid derived from Peganum harmala, showing a solid antitumor potential in different types of human cancer cells. Unfortunately, the clinical application of this natural alkaloid has been impeded till now by severe toxic side effects, especially neurotoxicity, besides its poor water solubility. Therefore, over the recent years, several semisynthetic derivatives of harmine have been prepared and studied concerning their abilities to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion in diverse preclinical models.

Reaction of a Potassium Aluminyl with Sn[N(SiMe)] - Isolation of a Stable, Trimetallic Sn(I) Radical Anion.

The reaction of the potassium aluminyl K[Al(NON)] ([NON]=[O(SiMeNDipp)], Dipp=2,6-iPrCH) with the stannylene Sn[N(SiMe)] in benzene afforded K[(Sn){Al(NON)}{N(SiMe)}], containing a distorted tetrahedral Sn-cluster. Computational analysis indicates that four of the edges in this unit are composed of Sn-Sn bonds, with the remaining two that are spanned by aluminium involved in three centre two electron (3c2e) Sn-Al-Sn bonds. The formation of Al(II) species during this reaction is indicated by the isolation of the dialuminated cyclohexadiene 1,4-[Al(NON)](μ-CH).

HER2-low status as a distinct breast cancer subtype: myth or truth? Analysis of the WSG trials WSG-ADAPT-HR+/HER2-, WSG-PlanB, and WSG-ADAPT-TN.

Background: New data show that not only HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (BC) tumors but also HER2-low tumors, classically considered as HER2-negative, respond to HER2-targeting antibody-drug-conjugates. Our objective was to analyze the prevalence of HER2-low BC in a pooled analysis of contemporary early BC trials and to evaluate its role as a prognostic factor in terms of survival in comparison to HER2-zero BC.

Methods: We evaluated 5598 patients with locally HR + /HER2- BC from the screening cohort of WSG-ADAPT-HR + /HER2-, 2592 patients with HR + /HER2- or HR-/HER2- from the adjuvant WSG-PlanB trial, and 336 patients from the WSG-ADAPT-TN trial.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new class of pyrazoles-dihydropyrimidinone derivatives as bone anabolic agents.

This study explores a series of twenty-four newly synthesized pyrzole-dihydropyrimidinone hybrids as potential bone anabolic agents. Initially, an alkaline phosphatase assay, a common marker of bone formation, was used to screen all compounds for their ability to stimulate osteogenic potential. Initial screening identified three promising candidates (5f, 5u and 5w) that were subsequently confirmed to be non-toxic to osteoblasts.

The natural history of variable subtypes in pediatric-onset TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy.

We establish the natural history of pediatric-onset TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy to improve clinical trial readiness through a medical record-based longitudinal study. An international cohort of 216 individuals with pediatric-onset TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy was included. Demographic information and medical events were extracted from medical records or publications.

How to Determine a Therapeutic Reference Range for a Psychotropic Drug Systematically? Recommendations of the TDM Task Force of the AGNP.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential for controlling pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic variations and for optimizing pharmacotherapy. However, its value is often underestimated because of nonsystematic recommendations for target ranges in the literature. The purpose of this study was to emphasize transparency and systematization in the forthcoming Updates to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP)-TDM Consensus Guidelines.

Novel functionalized benzimidazole-salicylic acid derivatives: synthesis, photophysical characteristics and biological applications.

Although the benzimidazole moiety is a versatile heterocyclic unit that has been widely applied in optical materials and medicinal chemistry, there are few bifunctional small-molecule benzimidazole derivatives with bio-activity and fluorescence. In this work, a series of novel benzimidazole-salicylic acid molecules were designed and synthesized; their optical properties were evaluated and their potential biological application was explored. The representative compound 5q exhibited excellent fluorescence properties, displaying blue imaging in HeLa cells and zebrafish.

A Dynamic Covalent Organic Framework with Entangled 2D Layers.

Dynamic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an emerging class of porous materials with an inherent structural flexibility. However, due to the challenges in their synthesis and structural characterization, research on dynamic COFs remains at an early stage and requires further exploration. Herein, we report the designed synthesis of a novel COF with entangled 2D layers that exhibits interesting dynamic behavior in response to organic vapor exposure.

Association between urinary heavy metal/trace element concentrations and kidney function: a prospective study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem. Although cross-sectional studies have identified many heavy metals/trace elements associated with reduced kidney function, prospective studies are needed to determine the pathogenic role of these elements in the development and progression of CKD.

Methods: To explore the association between baseline urinary heavy metal/trace element concentrations and long-term impaired kidney function (IKF)/CKD, as well as the incidence of rapid decline in kidney function in a population-based exploratory prospective study, with mean age 51.

Paving the way toward treatment solutions for CTNNB1 syndrome: a patient organization perspective.

The CTNNB1 Connect & Cure and CTNNB1 Foundation, alongside Asociación CTNNB1, CTNNB1 Italia, Association CTNNB1 France, and researchers and clinicians globally are dedicated to finding effective treatments and cures for CTNNB1 syndrome. The syndrome is also characterized by progressive spasticity, which can in some cases cause loss of already achieved motor milestones. Since 2019, they have brought together researchers from different fields and invested in various research efforts to advance the search for treatment solutions for patients with CTNNB1 syndrome.

Optical Nanopore Blockade Sensors for Multiplexed Detection of Proteins.

Enduring challenges for quantitative analysis in nanopore sensing are the detection of low biomarker concentrations in reasonable time frames and the detection of multiple biomarkers in the same sample. Herein we report an optical blockade nanopore sensor strategy that can detect more than a protein at femtomolar concentrations in rapid time (approximately 12 min). This is done using a nanopore array functionalized with an aptamer that can bind to two different but related target proteins.

Dosimetry of [Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in Patients with Advanced Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from a Substudy of the Phase III NETTER-1 Trial.

This substudy of the phase III NETTER-1 trial evaluated [Lu]Lu-DOTATATE (hereafter Lu-DOTATATE) for advanced midgut neuroendocrine tumors and aimed to assess dosimetry of a standard 4-cycle protocol and any potential relationship to toxicity. Change in tumor size by absorbed dose was an exploratory endpoint. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated, midgut neuroendocrine tumors were enrolled in this substudy between August 2013 and January 2016.

The Reversible and Background-Free Hydrogel-Sensing Platform for Dual-Mode Detection of Acetone in Exhaled Breath.

The acetone present in exhaled breath is a promising indicator for diagnosing human health. The fluorescent hydrogel sensor-based portable sensing platform is a highly effective tool for the on-site detection of acetone. However, existing hydrogel sensors are often limited by their irreversibility and autofluorescence.

Importance of sub-23 nm particles in traffic environments: Particle number emission factors and extrathoracic deposition doses.

New research suggests that exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs; particle diameter d < 100 nm) is particularly harmful to brain health. One pathway into the body is via deposition in the respiratory system, where the smallest UFPs deposit efficiently in human extrathoracic airways. Traffic is a major source of these particles, yet sub-23 nm (d < 23 nm) particles are currently unregulated in engine emission testing worldwide, including the stringent requirements of the European Union, nor are there requirements for ambient monitoring.

Rational Design and Optimization of a Potent IDO1 Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC).

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunosuppressive protein that inhibits antitumor immunity through both tryptophan metabolism and nonenzymatic functions. Drugs targeting IDO1 enzyme activity have failed to improve the overall survival of patients with cancer. Developing new therapeutics that neutralize both enzyme- and nonenzyme-derived immunosuppressive IDO1 effects is therefore of high interest.

Design, Hemisynthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Evaluation of Novel Totarol-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as Leishmaniasis and Toxoplasmosis Agents.

Tropical parasitic diseases like leishmaniasis pose significant public health challenges, impacting millions of individuals globally. Current drug treatments for these diseases have notable drawbacks and side effects, underscoring the pressing need for new medications with improved selectivity and reduced toxicity. Through structural modifications of both natural and synthetic compounds using click chemistry, researchers have been able to produce derivatives showing promising activity against these parasites.