Continuation of CDK4/6 Inhibition and Switching of Hormonal Therapy After Progression on Prior CDK4/6 Inhibitors in HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aims to determine the efficacy of maintaining cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibition and switching endocrine therapy (ET) versus ET alone after progression on prior CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in patients with hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative breast cancer. We identified phase II and III comparative randomized clinical trials through a systematic search across relevant clinical databases. A random effects model was used to determine the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) according to the inverse-variance method.

Case report: A cyclic neutropenia patient with mutation accompanied by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Many inborn errors of immunity may accompany secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a condition typically characterized by impaired cytotoxic T and NK cell function. A considerable proportion of HLH cases also stem from chronic granulomatosis with phagocytic dysfunction. However, the development of secondary HLH in patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) or cyclic neutropenia (CyN) with abnormal phagocytic cell counts has been less frequently reported.

Evaluating the impact of atezolizumab on febrile neutropenia occurrence in patients with NSCLC undergoing chemotherapy in Japan: a real-world post-marketing database study.

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a recognised adverse event associated with chemotherapy. This study investigates the impact of atezolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, on the incidence of FN in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving concurrent chemotherapy in Japan.

Methods: This post-marketing database study was conducted using data from patients with non-small cell lung cancer provided by Medical Data Vision Co.

Addition of SHR-1701 to first-line capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) plus bevacizumab for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer.

This phase 2/3 trial (NCT04856787) assessed the efficacy and safety of SHR-1701, a bifunctional protein targeting PD-L1 and TGF-β, in combination with BP102 (a bevacizumab biosimilar) and XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) as a first-line treatment for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In this phase 2 study, a total of 62 patients with untreated, histologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma and no prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease were enrolled. Patients received SHR-1701 (30 mg/kg), bevacizumab (7.

Association of febrile neutropenia episodes and blood product transfusions in children with acute leukemia.

Objective: Transfusion is vital supportive therapy in leukemias, but has significant potential febrile complications. In this study, we aimed to reveal the possible effects of blood product transfusions on febrile neutropenia episodes (FNEs) in children with acute leukemia.

Methods: We obtained the relevant clinical and laboratory data from the medical records.

Community-Acquired Respiratory Virus Infections: A Threat to Long-Term survivors after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant?

Background: Studies on late community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infections in long-term allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) survivors are scarce, creating knowledge gaps on the epidemiology, risk of progression to lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD), and conditions linked to poor outcomes.

Patients And Methods: We included consecutive CARV infection episodes occurring up to six months after allo-HCT registered in our database from December 2013 to June 2023 at two Spanish transplant centers.

Results: Among 426 allo-HCT recipients, 1070 CARV episodes were recorded, 791 (74%) with only upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and 279 (15%) progressing to LRTD, at a median of 18.

Sjögren's disease and systemic lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome as distinct entity at crossroads of two autoimmune disorders: clinical characterisation from two Italian reference centres for both the diseases.

Objectives: To characterise the overlap syndrome between Sjögren's disease (SjD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Consecutive patients clinically defined as affected by SjD and SLE overlap syndrome (SjD-SLE), belonging to two Italian rheumatology centres were classified following the application of both the SjD and SLE classification criteria. Clinical, functional, ultrasound and histological data were compared with patients suffering from only SjD or SLE.

Dose finding, bioavailability, and PK-PD of oral triapine with concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer and vaginal cancer (ETCTN 9892).

Background: The addition of IV triapine to chemoradiation appeared active in phase I and II studies but drug delivery is cumbersome. We examined PO triapine with cisplatin chemoradiation.

Methods: We implemented a 3 + 3 design for PO triapine dose escalation with expansion, starting at 100 mg, five days a week for five weeks while receiving radiation with weekly IV cisplatin for locally advanced cervical or vaginal cancer.

Haematologic outcomes and associated clinical characteristics among patients receiving Olaparib therapy in the UAE: a retrospective chart review.

Background: Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as Olaparib (Lynparza), are pivotal in treating certain cancers, particularly those linked to BReast CAncer gene (BRCA) mutations. Despite its established efficacy, Olaparib use is associated with various adverse events (AEs), notably haematologic toxicities, such as anaemia. This retrospective chart review study aimed to examine haematologic outcomes and associated factors in patients treated with Olaparib at a tertiary hospital in the UAE.

Safety and toxicity of Iopofosine I 131 (CLR 131) with external beam radiation therapy in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer: results of a phase 1 single-centre, open-label, single-arm, dose escalation and dose expansion study.

Background: Re-irradiation of recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) is often limited by tumour adherence to critical structures and/or radiation tolerance of critical normal tissues. Iopofosine I 131 (CLR 131) is a targeted small molecular phospholipid ether (PLE) drug conjugate that delivers iodine-131 selectively to tumour cells. We conducted a phase 1, single-centre, open-label study to determine whether CLR 131 given with reduced dose of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) would be tolerable and feasible.

Acalabrutinib in combination with rituximab and lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: Results of the phase 1b open-label study (ACE-LY-003).

Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) have limited effective treatment options. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) increase the anti-tumoural phenotype of tumour-associated macrophages, providing rationale to combine them with rituximab and lenalidomide (R). Acalabrutinib, a second-generation BTKi, has potential to improve R efficacy without increasing T-cell-mediated toxicity due to its lack of interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase inhibition.

Sacituzumab Govitecan in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Phase 2 TROPiCS-03 Basket Study.

Purpose: Treatment options for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor are limited. Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is highly expressed in HNSCC. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate approved for patients with certain previously treated solid tumors.

Clonal T cell populations scarcely impair patients with rheumatic diseases: a prospective long-term follow up study.

Background: Clonal T cell populations are frequently detected in patients with rheumatic diseases. The relevance of this finding is often uncertain, as the clinical spectrum can range from being asymptomatic to T cell leukemia. Former studies suggested that certain anti-rheumatic drugs might influence the course of the clonal T cell populations.

In patients with follicular lymphoma, delayed-onset neutropenia induced by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies frequently occurs during maintenance therapy and is preferentially associated with obinutuzumab.

The prevalence of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-associated delayed-onset neutropenia (DON) varies between 8 and 27%. Despite the wide use of MoAbs as maintenance in follicular lymphoma (FL), data regarding DON occurrence and clinical consequences are limited. This study assessed DON prevalence, severity and risk factors in FL patients during maintenance.

Loncastuximab tesirine with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a single-centre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: Preliminary data suggest promising activity of loncastuximab tesirine in follicular lymphoma, and synergistic activity between rituximab-induced cytotoxicity and loncastuximab tesirine. In this study, we evaluated loncastuximab tesirine combined with rituximab for second-line and later treatment of follicular lymphoma.

Methods: We did a single-arm, investigator-initiated, phase 2 trial at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center in Miami, FL, USA.

[Medical-pharmaceutical intervention on patients exposed to azathioprine-allopurinol interaction in the Community of Madrid].

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a medical-pharmaceutical intervention strategy on patients exposed to azathioprine-allopurinol (AZA-ALO) interaction in the Community of Madrid (CM).

Material/methods: Multicentre retrospective observational study. We reviewed the database generated after an intervention carried out in the healthcare context in which Primary Care Pharmacists (PCP) review the treatment of patients with safety risks and, when there are incidents, they contact (by telephone and/or e-mail) their Family Physicians (FP) for possible resolution.

Risk of agranulocytosis and neutropenia in patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis receiving clozapine treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the cumulative incidence of severe neutropenia and agranulocytosis (SNA) and mild and moderate neutropenia (MMN) in patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) who receive clozapine treatment.

Methods: We searched multiple databases to identify clozapine studies in PDP patients. Incidence rates were assessed during short-term (within 1 month), medium-term (within 6 months), and long-term (> 6 months) monitoring periods.

A meta-analysis assessing the therapeutic efficacy and safety of anlotinib in combination with chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of combining anlotinib with chemotherapy in treating patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods: We systematically searched a range of databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, up to July 28, 2023, complemented by searches in Chinese databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, through July 4, 2023. The outcomes analyzed were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), median PFS (mPFS), overall survival (OS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, and the adverse events.

Alternative palbociclib dosing schedules for hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

Introduction: The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor palbociclib is associated with a high incidence of neutropenia. Treatment continuation using the standard dosing schedule (3 consecutive weeks of oral administration followed by 1-week off-treatment: 3/1 schedule) can be difficult and other dosing schedules have been previously adopted. We aimed to investigate whether alternative dosing schedules can be used effectively to continue palbociclib.

Phase II Trial of Nivolumab Plus Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine as Frontline Therapy in Older Adults With Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Purpose: We conducted a phase I/II study evaluating nivolumab plus doxorubicin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (N-AVD) as frontline therapy for treatment-naïve older adults (OA) with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03033914).

Methods: Patients age ≥60 years with newly diagnosed, any stage, cHL were treated with six cycles of AVD at standard doses plus nivolumab 240 mg intravenously once every 2 weeks (on days 1 and 15) of each cycle.

Lurbinectedin is an effective alternative to platinum rechallenge and may restore platinum sensitivity in patients with sensitive relapsed small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Platinum rechallenge is recommended for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who relapse ≥90 days after completing first-line chemotherapy, although it may not always be the most suitable option.

Areas Covered: Articles for review were identified via PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov searches, supplemented with non-indexed publications (e.

The Efficacy and Safety of Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Combined With Anlotinib and PD-1/L1 Inhibitors For Treating Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastasis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) suffering from brain metastases (BM) has a poor prognosis and lacks effective treatment selection. In this study, we explored the efficacy and safety of combination treatment of albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-ptx), anlotinib, and PD-1/L1 inhibitors for such special population.

Methods: A total of 55 patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC and BM were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Etiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Bacteremia in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Febrile Neutropenia in Uganda.

Background: We determined the etiology, risk factors, and outcomes associated with bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies and febrile neutropenia (FN) at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI).

Methods: UCI adult and pediatric inpatients with hematologic malignancies and FN were prospectively enrolled and followed up to determine 30-day mortality. Blood drawn from participants with FN was cultured in the BACTEC 9120 blood culture system.

Comparison of Adverse Effect Profiles of Nafcillin and Oxacillin in Pediatric Patients.

Objective: Data comparing the safety profiles of nafcillin and oxacillin are limited in the pediatric patient setting. This study was conducted to compare adverse effect profiles of nafcillin and oxacillin.

Methods: This was a single center retrospective study including patients admitted to a children's hospital who received either nafcillin or oxacillin.