Management of febrile neutropenia: consensus of the Brazilian Association of Hematology, Blood Transfusion and Cell Therapy - ABHH.

Febrile neutropenia is a major complication of the treatment of patients with hematologic diseases. Recent epidemiologic changes, with an increase in infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria, represent a major challenge for the proper management of febrile neutropenia. The impact of these changes in the epidemiology of infection may vary according to the region.

Hydroxychloroquine in combination with platinum doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (Study 15): A randomised phase II multicentre trial.

Background: Most patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) present with extensive-stage (ES) disease and have a poor prognosis despite achieving high initial response rates to platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. This study evaluated whether adding hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to chemotherapy could improve outcomes.

Methods: This was a randomised multicentre phase II trial.

HSP and CD279 gene expression as candidate biomarkers in symptomatic LGLL patients.

The clinical presentation of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) is extremely variable: 30% of patients have neutropenia with no associated symptoms, others present with bacterial infections and sepsis may occur. Tools to predict patient outcome are lacking. Stemming from preliminary results obtained by single cell-RNAseq we investigated by qPCR HSP and IFIT gene families in 27 LGLL patients (23T-LGLL and 4 NK-LGLL), including 11 with neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia and 16 asymptomatic for the disease.

Relationship Between Body Weight and Leukopenia in Non-Kidney Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Normal Renal Function Who Are Receiving Valganciclovir for CMV Prophylaxis.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease causes significant morbidity among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. To prevent CMV disease, eligible recipients are frequently started on valganciclovir (VGC) prophylaxis post-transplant. Leukopenia has been documented as a primary adverse events of the drug (1).

Disparities in Access to Valganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in High-Risk African American Kidney Transplant Patients.

Background: While access and outcomes disparities for African American (AA) kidney transplant recipients are documented, there are limited studies assessing medication access disparities in transplantation. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes severe complications for transplant recipients, and we aimed to understand differences in access to CMV prophylaxis valganciclovir and its impact on CMV infection rates in AA transplant recipients.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective longitudinal cohort study examined high-risk (CMV serostatus D+/R-) adult kidney transplant recipients between June 1, 2010, and May 31, 202, through EMR abstraction.

CBC With Differential and Cell Population Data in Prediction of Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome.

Introduction: We aimed to identify additional predictors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which has a significantly increasing global incidence.

Methods: This retrospective study included 95 patients with SFTS and 30 healthy individuals. Complete blood count with differential was performed using Sysmex XN 9000 and Mindray BC-6800 Plus analyzers.

The Janus-faced nature of complement in hemodialysis: interplay between complement, inflammation, and bioincompatibility unveiling a self-amplifying loop contributing to organ damage.

In hemodialysis (HD), complement activation, bioincompatibility, and inflammation are intricately intertwined. In the 1970s, as HD became a routine therapy, the observation of complement pathway activation and transient leukopenia by cellulosic dialysis membranes triggered the bioincompatibility debate and its clinical relevance. Extensive deliberations have covered definitions, assessment markers, scope, and long-term clinical consequences of membrane-dependent bioincompatibility reactions.

Ticked Off: A Case of Disappearing Cell Lines.

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is transmitted by the black-legged tick and presents with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and elevated transaminases. If left untreated, HGA can progress to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), which can be fatal. Here, we discuss a case of a woman diagnosed with anaplasmosis who was treated promptly.

[Systemic lupus erythematosus involving the fornix column leading to hyponatremia: A case report].

We reported the diagnostic and therapeutic process of a young male patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with severe hyponatremia as the main manifestation upon admission, and analyzed and discussed the case. The patient was a 19-year-old young male with a subacute course of disease, fever ≥38.3 ℃ that could not be explained by other causes, acute and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, oral ulcers, arthritis, leukopenia (< 4×10/L), low C3+low C4, and positive anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA).

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Associated Aortitis Unveiled by 18F-FDG PET/CT.

In oncology, G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) is often administered to counteract chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Recent studies have highlighted a significant side effect, G-CSF-associated aortitis, with an incidence of ~0.4%.

Scaling analytical RP-HPLC to semi-preparative for fractionation and characterization of pegfilgrastim oxidized variants.

Pegfilgrastim, a 40 kDa PEGylated form of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), is a biotherapeutic protein used to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. To ensure the product is safe and effective, stringent monitoring of product-related impurities, particularly those arising from oxidative degradation, is necessary. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of oxidized variants in pegfilgrastim using a multi-step approach that includes method transfer to semi-preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and an in vitro cell-based potency assay (CBPA).

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with haematological diseases: a retrospective multicentre study.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in patients with haematological diseases. It seeks to analyse the relevance of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of RSV infections.

Methods: A multi-centre, retrospective study was conducted across University Hospitals in Cologne, Düsseldorf, Bonn, and the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf between Jan 2016 and Aug 2023.

Mutational Landscape of Patients with Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome: Update from India.

Purpose: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked genetic disorder characterized by distinctive features including microthrombocytopenia, eczema and recurrent infections. In the present study we report clinical, immunological and molecular spectrum of 41 WAS patients diagnosed over last five years.

Methods: Clinical and family history was collected from case records.

Misleading Renal Function Evaluation Leading to Severe Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity.

Low-dose methotrexate has been proposed as therapy for patients with severely disabling psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. However, it can be associated with severe toxicity, such as pancytopenia, characterized by anemia (hemoglobin level <13 g/dL in men), thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 × 109/L), and neutropenia or agranulocytosis (neutrophil count <1.5 × 109/L and 0.

The Role of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Cancer: A Review of Recent Advances in the Treatment of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Cancer.

Locally advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Platinum-based chemotherapy has remained the first-line treatment for decades and until recently no other treatment options existed. Today, novel agents called antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), including enfortumab vedotin (EV) and sacituzumab govitecan (SG), have been approved for la/mUC offering patients treatment options following or instead of traditional chemotherapy.

Anorexia Nervosa in Polish Children and Adolescents in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic-An Observational Single Centre Study.

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with a high mortality rate and significant prevalence in the paediatric population. Preliminary reports during the COVID-19 pandemic suggested an increased incidence of AN among children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyse new cases of AN before, during, and after the pandemic, with a particular focus on the physical manifestations of the disease.

Salvage Therapy with Second-Generation Inhibitors for FLT3 Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Real-World Study by the CETLAM and PETHEMA Groups.

Background/objectives: Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML with mutation () have a dismal prognosis. offers a target for therapy in these patients. Gilteritinib (gilter) and quizartinib (quizar) have demonstrated efficacy as single agents in two phase 3 clinical trials.

Hematologic Toxicity Profiles and the Impact of Hemoglobin Nadir and Transfusion on Oncologic Outcome in Definitive Radiochemotherapy for Cervical Cancer.

: Definitive radiochemotherapy with concomitant cisplatin 40 mg/m weekly represents the standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer. Current studies (KEYNOTE-A18 and INTERLACE) are intensifying this regimen at the cost of increased hematologic toxicity. We aimed to evaluate influencing factors on hematotoxicity to ensure the safe application of radiochemotherapy.

Prolonged fever in a 13-year-old girl misdiagnosed as Ochrobactrum spp. bacteremia-the pitfalls of diagnostic Brucella spondylitis in a non-endemic country.

Brucellosis is a zoonosis with non-specific clinical symptoms involving multiple systems and organs. Its prevalence is low in most of EU countries, which can lead to the difficulties in laboratory and clinical diagnostic. Due to its relationship to the Ochrobactrum spp.

Sequelae of B-Cell Depleting Therapy: An Immunologist's Perspective.

B-cell depleting therapy (BCDT) has revolutionised the treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases by targeting specific B-cell surface antigens, receptors, ligands, and signalling pathways. This narrative review explores the mechanisms, applications, and complications of BCDT, focusing on the therapeutic advancements since the introduction of rituximab in 1997. Various monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors are examined for their roles in depleting B cells through antibody-dependent and independent mechanisms.

Efficacy of Vaccination with the DIVENCE Vaccine Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Types 1 and 2 in Terms of Fetal Protection.

Purpose: To demonstrate the efficacy of DIVENCE, a vaccine against BVDV types 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) transplacental infection, following a booster regimen in heifers.

Materials And Methods: Calves of two-to-three months of age were given two intramuscular doses three weeks apart and a booster vaccine six months later. Efficacy was evaluated by means of a challenge with virulent BVDV-1 or BVDV-2 administered via the intranasal route at 85 days of gestation.

Myeloprotection effects of trilaciclib in Chinese patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) receiving chemotherapy-a real-world study.

Background: Trilaciclib, an intravenous short acting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, has been approved for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM) in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) receiving platinum/etoposide (EP) or topotecan (TPT)-based therapy in United States (US) since February 2021. Trilaciclib use received the priority review and approval in a real-world setting in China. This study thus aimed to collect real-world data and evaluate the protective effect of trilaciclib on CIM in Chinese patients with ES-SCLC.

Attempts to identify the molecular cause of autoinflammatory recurrent fever.

Systemic autoinflammatory diseases caused by dysregulation of the innate immunity are a known cause of recurrent fevers. We present the molecular diagnosis results of 12 children with recurrent fever, analyzing the correlation between molecular findings and clinical symptoms. No pathogenic variants confirming autoinflammatory disease were found.

Efficacy and Safety of Farletuzumab in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis.

Folate receptor alpha (FRα) has emerged as a promising target in the treatment of ovarian cancer, with farletuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting FRα, showing potential in clinical settings. This systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of farletuzumab in patients with solid tumors, particularly ovarian cancer. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a thorough search across PubMed, the Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for clinical trials assessing farletuzumab in solid tumors.