Transcription Factor ASCL1 Acts as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of the Cushing's Disease.

Background: The pathogenesis of Cushing's disease (CD) is still not adequately understood despite the identification of somatic driver mutations in USP8, BRAF, and USP48. In this multiomics study, we combined RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with Sanger sequencing to depict transcriptional dysregulation under different gene mutation backgrounds. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of achaete-scute complex homolog 1 (ASCL1), a pioneer transcription factor, as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of CD and its possible downstream pathway.

Noncoding RNA as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cerebrovascular Disease.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). They are effectively detectable in body fluids, potentially suggesting new biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of CVDs. In this review, the physiological functions of circulating ncRNAs and their potential role as diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with cerebrovascular diseases are discussed, especially in acute ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and moyamoya disease.

Risk factors of epistaxis after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries.

Background: Epistaxis after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries does not typically occur as an accidental circumstance but often results from multiple factors. We aimed to assess the possible risk factors associated with postoperative epistaxis.

Methods: Patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery at Huashan hospital from August 2018 to November 2019 were enrolled in the study.

Longitudinal assessment of network reorganizations and language recovery in postoperative patients with glioma.

For patients with glioma located in or adjacent to the linguistic eloquent cortex, awake surgery with an emphasis on the preservation of language function is preferred. However, the brain network basis of postoperative linguistic functional outcomes remains largely unknown. In this work, 34 patients with left cerebral gliomas who underwent awake surgery were assessed for language function and resting-state network properties before and after surgery.

Moyamoya disease: A human model for chronic hypoperfusion and intervention in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has been considered the etiology for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no valid clinical evidence exists due to the similar risk factors between cerebrovascular disease and AD.

Methods: We used moyamoya disease (MMD) as a model of chronic hypoperfusion and cognitive impairment, without other etiology interference.

Altered topological properties of the intrinsic functional brain network in patients with right-sided unilateral hearing loss caused by acoustic neuroma.

Neuroimaging studies have identified alterations in functional connectivity between specific brain regions in patients with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and different influence of the side of UHL on neural plasticity. However, little is known about changes of whole-brain functional networks in patients with UHL and whether differences exist in topological organization between right-sided UHL (RUHL) and left-sided UHL (LUHL). To address this issue, we employed resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and graph-theoretical approaches to investigate the topological alterations of brain functional connectomes in patients with RUHL and LUHL.

Neuroinflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Take It Seriously or Not.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high mortality and disability, with a substantial socioeconomic burden. With the standardization of the treatment process, there is increasing interest in the role that the secondary insult of TBI plays in outcome heterogeneity. The secondary insult is neither detrimental nor beneficial in an absolute sense, among which the inflammatory response was a complex cascade of events and can thus be regarded as a double-edged sword.

Microsurgical treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar aneurysms based on angioarchitecture supplemented by high-resolution vessel wall MRI: a case series report.

Background: Surgical treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms is challenging because many are nonsaccular and atherosclerotic. We report our tailored approach to PICA aneurysms, which is based on angioarchitecture supplemented by high-resolution vessel wall MRI (HR-VW MRI) findings.

Methods: From March 2010 to September 2020, 27 patients with 29 PICA aneurysms underwent surgical treatment in our institution.

Surgical Resection of a Third Ventricle Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor: Two-Dimensional Operative Video.

Surgical resection of a pineal tumor growing into the third ventricle is difficult owing to the complex neurovascular structures, and nongerminomatous germ cell tumor is the most common malignant tumor in pediatric patients. Removing the tumor efficiently with minimal blood loss while protecting the surrounding neurovascular structure is challenging. We present a surgical case of a 9-year-old patient with a third ventricle nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (Video).

Efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment with or without intravenous alteplase in acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: The current meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of direct endovascular treatment (EVT) and bridging therapy (EVT with prior intravenous thrombolysis (IVT)) in patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke.

Methods: This meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Eligible RCTs were identified through a systemic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from the inception dates to January 10, 2022.

How I do it: Surgical Resection of a Recurrent Chondromyxoid Fibroma by Micro-Endoscopic Combination Technique.

Background: The surgical resection of the tumor spreading into the cavernous sinus (CS) is complicated and challenging.

Method: We report a left recurrent CS chondromyxoid fibroma occupying the clival-petrous apex-parasellar-suprasellar area, which was totally removed by the micro-endo combination technique via the middle cranial fossa extradural approach.

Conclusion: This case demonstrates the value of the micro-endoscopic combination technique for complicated skull base surgery.

Identification of Four Metabolic Subtypes of Glioma Based on Glycolysis-Cholesterol Synthesis Genes.

Based on alterations in gene expression associated with the production of glycolysis and cholesterol, this research classified glioma into prognostic metabolic subgroups. In this study, data from the CGGA325 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were utilized to extract single nucleotide variants (SNVs), RNA-seq expression data, copy number variation data, short insertions and deletions (InDel) mutation data, and clinical follow-up information from glioma patients. Glioma metabolic subtypes were classified using the ConsensusClusterPlus algorithm.

A Modified Microscopic-Endoscopic Bilateral Transseptal Approach for Pituitary Adenomas: Comparisons of Nasal Outcome and Quality of Life Using the Microscopic Transnasal Approach.

Objectives: In this study, we introduced a novel modified microscopic-endoscopic bilateral transseptal approach for pituitary adenoma resection to minimize surgery-related nasal injury. We also retrospectively compared comprehensive nasal outcomes and quality of life between the microscopic transnasal approaches.

Methods: Patients with pituitary adenomas who underwent modified microscopic-endoscopic bilateral transseptal or microscopic transnasal approaches were assessed for olfactory function and quality of life using the Sniffin' Sticks test, the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), the SF-36, the anterior skull base (ASK) nasal inventory, and the subjective visual analog scale (VAS) before and 1 and 3 months after surgery.

Identification of an IL-4-Related Gene Risk Signature for Malignancy, Prognosis and Immune Phenotype Prediction in Glioma.

Background: Emerging molecular and genetic biomarkers have been introduced to classify gliomas in the past decades. Here, we introduced a risk signature based on the cellular response to the IL-4 gene set through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis.

Methods: In this study, we provide a bioinformatic profiling of our risk signature for the malignancy, prognosis and immune phenotype of glioma.

Collagen sponge is as effective as autologous fat for grade 1 intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid leakage repair during transsphenoidal surgery.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of collagen sponge graft versus autologous fat graft in repairing grade 1 intraoperative CSF leakage and identify potential risk factors for failure repairing.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited patients with grade 1 intraoperative CSF leakage repaired either with a collagen sponge (Group A), with autologous fat graft (Group B), or with only bipolar coagulation and gel foam packing (Group C). Patients with previous radiotherapy, repaired with additional materials, received postoperative lumbar drainage or without sufficient follow-up data were excluded.

Anterior precuneus related to the recovery of consciousness.

The neural mechanism that enables the recovery of consciousness in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to characterize the cortical hub regions related to the recovery of consciousness. In the current fMRI study, voxel-wise degree centrality analysis was adopted to identify the cortical hubs related to the recovery of consciousness, for which a total of 27 UWS patients were recruited, including 13 patients who emerged from UWS (UWS-E), and 14 patients who remained in UWS (UWS-R) at least three months after the experiment performance.

Establishment of SIAISi018-A, an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from a healthy 45-year-old Chinese Han.

A 45-year-old Han Male from China contributed peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by reprogramming human OKSM transcription factors (OCT3/4, KLF4 SOX2 and C-MYC) with a non-integrated additional vector system. Immunological markers confirmed the pluripotent nature of IPSC. Spontaneous tridermal differentiation confirmed the differentiation ability of IPSC with normal karyotype.

Giant Aneurysm Management.

The treatment of giant aneurysms has always been a challenge in the field of neurovascular disease. Giant aneurysms are larger in size and are associated with thrombosis development and the calcification of the aneurysmal wall and neck, which often interfere with direct clipping. Most giant aneurysms have a wide neck with an incomplete thrombus, making complete embolization almost impossible.

Within and beyond the visual cortex: brain tumors induce highly sensitive plasticity of visual processing in whole-brain neural functional networks.

Vision is a key source of information input for humans, which involves various cognitive functions and a great range of neural networks inside and beyond the visual cortex. There has been increasing observation that the cognitive outcomes after a brain lesion cannot be well predicted by the attributes of the lesion itself but are influenced by the functional network plasticity. However, the mechanisms of impaired or preserved visual cognition have not been probed from direct function-execution conditions and few works have observed it on whole-brain dynamic networks.

Establishment of SIAISi017-A, an induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)line from a healthy 25-year-old Chinese Hui.

With the development of cytology, the establishment of cell models in vitro has become a powerful means to study the mechanism and treatment of diseases. Here we successfully generated the IPSC-derived modeling system of a 25-year-old healthy male. His peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were reprogrammed using human OKSM (SOX2, OCT3/4, KLF4, and C-MYC) transcription factors using a non-integrated additional vector system.

Application of intraoperative electrocorticography in bypass surgery for adult moyamoya disease: a preliminary study.

Objective: Postoperative complications of surgical revascularization in moyamoya disease (MMD) are difficult to predict because of poor knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological process. Since the aim of surgery is to improve brain dynamics by increasing regional blood flow, we hypothesize that postoperative complications are closely related to aberrant electrophysiological changes. Thus, we evaluated the clinical significance of intraoperative electrocorticography (iECoG) in bypass surgery for adult MMD.

How I do it: the surgical resection of a middle third parasagittal meningioma with venous preservation strategy.

Background: The surgical resection of the middle third parasagittal meningioma (PSM) is difficult, where the challenge is to systematically protect the eloquent parenchyma and collateral venous drainage.

Method: We report a case of PSM that eroded the skull, wholly occluded the superior sagittal sinus at the middle third segment, underwent radical resection with evaluation and preservation of the collateral venous drainage by preoperative venography, and intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography (ICGVA) that aimed to avoid postoperative complications.

Conclusion: This case demonstrates the importance of venous preservation strategy and the value of ICGVA in the intraoperative assessment of collateral venous drainage function.

Endoscopic Endonasal Intraconal Approach for Orbital Tumor Resection: Case Series and Systematic Review.

Intraorbital tumor could be approached by numerous surgical methods. The neuroendoscopic endonasal approach could provide a feasible corridor for indicated tumors. Herein we present a series of 6 consecutive intraorbital tumors from April 2018 to October 2020, which received endonasal endoscopic resection.