Quantitative analysis of cerebellar lobule morphology and clinical cognitive correlates in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy patients.

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the cerebellar substructure volumetric alterations in refractory unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and the relationship with clinical factors and cognitive scores.

Methods: A total of 48 unilateral refractory TLE patients and 48 age- and gender-matched normal controls (NCs) were retrospectively studied. All subjects underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and automatically segmented volumetric brain information was obtained using volBrain and Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI (DPARSF) separately.

Machine learning models predict coagulopathy in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients in ER.

Aims: Coagulation abnormality is one of the primary concerns for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to ER. Conventional laboratory indicators require hours for coagulopathy diagnosis, which brings difficulties for appropriate intervention within the optimal window. This study evaluates the possibility of building efficient coagulopathy prediction models using data mining and machine learning algorithms.

Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant ST208 Producing OXA-23-Like Carbapenemase in a Children's Hospital in Shanghai, China.

is notorious for acquiring antibiotic resistance and causing nosocomial infections worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of isolates obtained from inpatients and the intensive care unit (ICU) environment of a pediatric hospital in Shanghai, China. Between July 2017 and January 2018, a total of 88 isolates, including three obtained from ICU environmental specimens, were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility, multilocus sequence typing, and resistance genes.

Hemodynamic Scaling of Task-Induced Signal Changes in Tumor Subjects.

FMRI signal amplitude can change during stimulus presentation due to underlying neural function and hemodynamic responses limiting the accuracy of fMRI in pre-surgical planning. To account for these changes in fMRI activation signal, we used breath-hold tasks to mimic hemodynamic changes in brain tumor subjects and scaled the activation response. Motor and/or language fMRI was performed in 21 subjects with brain tumor.

Hypoxia-Induced Glioma-Derived Exosomal miRNA-199a-3p Promotes Ischemic Injury of Peritumoral Neurons by Inhibiting the mTOR Pathway.

The underlying molecular mechanisms that the hypoxic microenvironment could aggravate neuronal injury are still not clear. In this study, we hypothesized that the exosomes, exosomal miRNAs, and the mTOR signaling pathway might be involved in hypoxic peritumoral neuronal injury in glioma. Multimodal radiological images, HE, and HIF-1 staining of high-grade glioma (HGG) samples revealed that the peritumoral hypoxic area overlapped with the cytotoxic edema region and directly contacted with normal neurons.

Machine learning in predicting early remission in patients after surgical treatment of acromegaly: a multicenter study.

Purpose: Accurate prediction of postoperative remission is beneficial for effective patient-physician communication in acromegalic patients. This study aims to train and validate machine learning prediction models for early endocrine remission of acromegalic patients.

Methods: The training cohort included 833 patients with growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary adenoma from 2010 to 2018.

Efficacy and predictors of short-term first-generation somatostatin analog presurgical treatment in acromegaly: A hospital-based study of 237 cases.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and predictors of short-term somatostatin analog (SSA) presurgical therapy in a large cohort and to assess the correlation between clinical and pathological variables.

Design: 237 newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly received presurgical SSA treatment for three months were recruited. Clinical characteristics were collected, and response to SSA in hormone and tumor size was evaluated.

Inflammatory Demyelinating Lesions: True Sentinel Lesion or Immune-Mediated Response to Lymphoma?

Background: Inflammatory demyelinating changes in the absence of malignant cells can sometimes be found on initial biopsies preceding the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), resulting in the term "sentinel" lesion. Sentinel lesions have been reported sporadically in literature, resulting in many cases of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. We aim to address the problem of misdiagnosis in PCNSL presenting as inflammatory demyelinating changes or sentinel lesions on initial biopsies, and to discuss our view of the mechanism underlying this phenomenon.

Circulating neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at admission predicts the long-term outcome in acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury patients.

Background: The prognostic value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) for the outcome of acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) patients has rarely been studied by now throughout the world.

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study to evaluate the prognostic value of NLR from peripheral whole blood count in patients with acute cervical tSCI. Patients within 6 h of acute cervical tSCI treated between Dec 2008 and May 2018 in Huashan Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled.

Neuroimage-Based Consciousness Evaluation of Patients with Secondary Doubtful Hydrocephalus Before and After Lumbar Drainage.

Hydrocephalus is often treated with a cerebrospinal fluid shunt (CFS) for excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. However, it is very difficult to distinguish whether the ventricular enlargement is due to hydrocephalus or other causes, such as brain atrophy after brain damage and surgery. The non-trivial evaluation of the consciousness level, along with a continuous drainage test of the lumbar cistern is thus clinically important before the decision for CFS is made.

Metformin inhibits intracranial aneurysm formation and progression by regulating vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching via the AMPK/ACC pathway.

Background: The regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype plays an important role in intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Metformin is a 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist that has a protective effect on vasculature.

Enhanced B7-H4 expression in gliomas with low PD-L1 expression identifies super-cold tumors.

Background: Characterizing expression profiles of different immune checkpoint molecules are promising for personalized checkpoint inhibitory immunotherapy. Gliomas have been shown as potential targets for immune checkpoint inhibitors recently. Our study was performed to determine coexpression levels of two major B7 immune regulatory molecules programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and B7-H4, both of which have been demonstrated to inhibit antitumor host immunity in gliomas.

Assessing the depth of language processing in patients with disorders of consciousness.

Assessing residual consciousness and cognitive abilities in unresponsive patients is a major clinical concern and a challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Although neuroimaging studies have demonstrated a potential for informing diagnosis and prognosis in unresponsive patients, these methods involve sophisticated brain imaging technologies, which limit their clinical application. In this study, we adopted a new language paradigm that elicited rhythmic brain responses tracking the single-word, phrase and sentence rhythms in speech, to examine whether bedside electroencephalography (EEG) recordings can help inform diagnosis and prognosis.

BRD4 as a therapeutic target for nonfunctioning and growth hormone pituitary adenoma.

Background: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) and growth hormone pituitary adenoma (GHPA) are major subtypes of pituitary adenomas (PAs). The primary treatment is surgical resection. However, radical excision remains challenging, and few effective medical therapies are available.

Bioinformatic Profiling Identifies a Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Gene Risk Signature for Malignancy, Prognosis, and Immune Phenotype of Glioma.

Cancer cells commonly have metabolic abnormalities. Aside from altered glucose and amino acid metabolism, cancers cells often share the attribute of fatty acid metabolic alterations. However, fatty acid metabolism related-gene set has not been systematically investigated in gliomas.

[Basis of Tumor Microenvironment Relevant to Immunotherapies for Brain Metastases of NSCLC].

Brain is the most frequent site for distant metastases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Brain metastasis (BM) is also the leading cause of disabilities and death in advanced NSCLC. In recent years, the application and effectiveness of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors has formed the basis for the treatment of NSCLC brain metastases with driver gene mutations.

Targeting hypoxia downstream signaling protein, CAIX, for CAR T-cell therapy against glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma survival remains unchanged despite continuing therapeutic innovation. Herein, we aim to (i) develop chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with a specificity to a unique antigen, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), which is expressed in the hypoxic microenvironment characteristic of glioblastoma, and (ii) demonstrate its efficacy with limited off-target effects.

Methods: First we demonstrated expression of CAIX in patient-derived glioblastoma samples and available databases.

The prognostic value of maximal surgical resection is attenuated in oligodendroglioma subgroups of adult diffuse glioma: a multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: Maximal surgical resection is associated with survival benefit in the majority of studies in adult diffuse glioma. This study aims to characterize the prognostic value of surgical resection in molecular subgroups of diffuse glioma.

Methods: 1178 patients with diffuse glioma from our centers and 422 from TCGA dataset were collected.

Far Upstream Element-Binding Protein 1 Regulates LSD1 Alternative Splicing to Promote Terminal Differentiation of Neural Progenitors.

Loss of a cell's ability to terminally differentiate because of mutations is a selected genetic event in tumorigenesis. Genomic analyses of low-grade glioma have reported recurrent mutations of far upstream element-binding protein 1 (FUBP1). Here, we show that FUBP1 expression is dynamically regulated during neurogenesis and that its downregulation in neural progenitors impairs terminal differentiation and promotes tumorigenesis collaboratively with expression of IDH1.