Transketolase attenuates the chemotherapy sensitivity of glioma cells by modulating R-loop formation.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal malignant brain tumor with poor survival rates, and chemoresistance poses a significant challenge to the treatment of patients with GBM. Here, we show that transketolase (TKT), a metabolic enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), attenuates the chemotherapy sensitivity of glioma cells in a manner independent of catalytic activity. Mechanistically, chemotherapeutic drugs can facilitate the translocation of TKT protein from the cytosol into the nucleus, where TKT physically interacts with XRN2 to regulate the resolution and removal of R-loops.

Remodeling and Characterization Analysis of Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Basal Ganglia.

To investigate corticospinal tract (CST) injury and remodeling in patients with basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and explore the characterization capabilities of the corresponding parameters. In this prospective study, baseline, scale, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were collected from patient cohorts. Participants were stratified into favorable (0-3 points) and unfavorable (4-6 points) prognosis groups, based on Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 3-6 months.

Intracranial Hypotension Mechanism and Implant Retention Procedure for Patients With Titanium Mesh Exposure.

Background And Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the potential pathogenesis and present an implant retention procedure for patients with titanium mesh exposure after cranioplasty.

Methods: The clinical data were obtained from 26 consecutive cases with titanium mesh exposure who underwent surgical treatment between 2018 and 2023. These patients' medical records, scalp photographs, operative notes, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.

Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Moyamoya Disease Using Serum Metabolic Fingerprints and Machine Learning.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that increases the risk of intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage. Timely diagnosis and intervention can significantly reduce the risk of new-onset stroke in patients with MMD. However, the current diagnostic methods are invasive and expensive, and non-invasive diagnosis using biomarkers of MMD is rarely reported.

Comparison of differences in transcriptional and genetic profiles between intra-central nervous system and extra-central nervous system large B-cell lymphoma.

Primary central nervous system diffused large B-cell lymphoma (PCNS-DLBCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). To explore its specific pathogenesis and therapeutic targets, we performed multi-omics sequencing on tumor samples from patients diagnosed with PCNS-DLBCL, secondary CNS-DLBCL or extracranial (ec) DLBCL.By single-cell RNA sequencing, highly proliferated and dark zone (DZ)-related B cell subclusters, MKI67_B1, PTTG1_B2 and BTG1_B3, were predominant significantly in PCNS-DLBCL.

Non-enhancing margin and pial invasion in MRI can predict IDH status in glioma patients.

Background: The presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and 1p/19q codeletion significantly influences the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). The ability to predict these molecular signatures preoperatively can inform surgical strategies. This study sought to establish an interpretable imaging feature set for predicting molecular signatures and overall survival in LGGs.

Clinical Insights Into Default Mode Network Abnormalities in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Unraveling Axonal Injury Through Functional, Structural, and Molecular Analyses.

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) frequently results in persistent cognitive, emotional, and functional impairments, closely linked to disruptions in the default mode network (DMN). Understanding the mechanisms driving these network abnormalities is critical for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Methods: This study adopted a multimodal approach, combining functional connectivity (FC) analysis, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and gene expression profiling to investigate DMN disruptions in mTBI.

Invasive or Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulation of Brain Function and Remodeling After Stroke: a Review.

Background: The main reason restricting stroke patients from reintegrating into society is neurological deficits. Of particular interest is the potential Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) potentially offers for sustaining improvement in neurological deficits. The goal of the present study is to provide a summary of the findings from research that has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms and demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the clinical application of VNS, as well as to identify research gaps in the field, in order to offer references for subsequent further research and application.

Automatic pituitary adenoma segmentation and identification of cavernous sinus invasion via multitask learning.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a multitask deep learning model for pituitary macroadenoma (PMA) segmentation and identification of cavernous sinus (CS) invasion.

Materials And Methods: A total of 926 patients with PMAs (n=816 from Institution 1 for model training and n=110 from Institution 2 for model validation) were included. Manual segmentation for tumor and bilateral internal carotid arteries was conducted on coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging images using ITK-SNAP.

Diagnostic Accuracy and Value of CXCR4-targeted PET/MRI Using Ga-Pentixafor for Tumor Localization in Cushing Disease.

Background Gallium 68 (Ga) pentixafor has emerged as a potential C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-targeted radiotracer for neuroendocrine tumor, yet its application in Cushing disease remains uncertain. Purpose To assess the diagnostic accuracy and value of Ga-pentixafor PET/MRI in localizing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumors in Cushing disease. Materials and Methods A prospective single-center study was conducted from March 2023 to February 2024 in participants with Cushing disease scheduled for surgical pituitary tumor resection.

How I do it? surgical resection of craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistula.

Background: Craniocervical junction (CCJ) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) represent a rare yet critical vascular anomaly that may result in significant neurological impairments.

Method: We report the case of a 52-year-old male with a history of medullary hemorrhage who underwent surgical intervention for a left CCJ DAVF. Through comprehensive surgical planning and meticulous intraoperative monitoring, multiple feeders of the DAVF were safely coagulated and transected, with successful DAVF obliteration confirmed by intraoperative angiography.

Intraoperative Real-Time IDH Diagnosis for Glioma Based on Automatic Analysis of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Video.

Objective: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is the most important molecular marker of glioma and is highly correlated to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients. We proposed a real-time diagnosis method for IDH status differentiation based on automatic analysis of intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) video.

Methods: Inspired by the Time Intensity Curve (TIC) analysis of CEUS utilized in clinical practice, this paper proposed an automatic CEUS video analysis method called ATAN (Automatic TIC Analysis Network).

Targeting RACGAP1 suppresses growth hormone pituitary adenoma growth.

Purpose: Growth hormone pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is a major subtype of pituitary adenoma (PA), with tumor enlargement and abnormal secretion of growth hormone (GH) often causing complications. Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1), a member of the guanine triphosphatase-activating protein family, is highly overexpressed in multiple tumors and promotes tumor growth. However, the role of RACGAP1 in GHPA remains unelucidated.

Proteomic profiling of gliomas unveils immune and metabolism-driven subtypes with implications for anti-nucleotide metabolism therapy.

Gliomas exhibit high heterogeneity and poor prognosis. Despite substantial progress has been made at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, comprehensive proteomic characterization and its implications remain largely unexplored. In this study, we perform proteomic profiling of gliomas using 343 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor samples and 53 normal-appearing brain samples from 188 patients, integrating these data with genomic panel information and clinical outcomes.

Concomitant gut dysbiosis and defective gut barrier serve as the bridges between hypercortisolism and chronic systemic inflammation in Cushing's disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbial signatures and related pathophysiological implications in patients with Cushing's disease (CD).

Design And Methods: Twenty-seven patients with CD and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. Based on obtained metagenomics data, we performed correlation, network study, and genome interaction group (GIG) analysis.

A clinically feasible algorithm for the parallel detection of glioma-associated copy number variation markers based on shallow whole genome sequencing.

Molecular features are incorporated into the integrated diagnostic system for adult diffuse gliomas. Of these, copy number variation (CNV) markers, including both arm-level (1p/19q codeletion, +7/-10 signature) and gene-level (EGFR gene amplification, CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion) changes, have revolutionized the diagnostic paradigm by updating the subtyping and grading schemes. Shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS) has been widely used for CNV detection due to its cost-effectiveness and versatility.

Intracranial Pressure Variability Associates with 3-Month Outcomes in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Analysis of 597 Patients.

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of stroke, and most favorable treatments to improve patients' neurologic outcomes are not clear. Invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a common treatment of ICH, but whether patients with ICH could benefit from ICP monitoring is controversial. ICP variability (IPV) has been shown to correlate with poor outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury, but this association has not been clearly elucidated in patients with ICH.

Assessment of scintillation and Cherenkov imaging as beam shape verification method in CyberKnife® radiotherapy.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to assess the utility of Cherenkov imaging (CI) and scintillation imaging (SI) as high-resolution techniques to measure CyberKnife® beam shape quantitatively at the irradiation surface in quality assurance (QA).

Methods: The EMCCD camera captured scintillation and Cherenkov photons arising from 6 MV x-ray dose deposition produced by the CyberKnife® VSI System. Two imaging methods were done at source to surface distance of 800 cm with the same field size, ranging from 10 to 60 mm using fixed cones and iris collimators.