Transmaxillary approach for resection of maxillary division trigeminal schwannoma at foramen rotundum.

Background: The foramen rotundum and anterior cavernous sinus have traditionally been accessed by transcranial approaches that are limited by the high density of critical neurovascular structures. The transmaxillary approach provides an entirely extradural route to the foramen rotundum and anterior cavernous sinus.

Method: This patient with neurofibromatosis and facial pain with trigeminal schwannoma at the foramen rotundum was successfully treated by transmaxillary resection of the tumor.

Deep Brain Stimulation of Bilateral Centromedian Thalamic Nuclei in Pediatric Patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: An Institutional Experience.

Background: Surgical management of pediatric patients with nonlesional, drug-resistant epilepsy, including patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), remains a challenge given the lack of resective targets in most patients and shows seizure freedom rates <50% at 5 years. The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) is less certain in children than in adults. This study examined clinical and seizure outcomes for pediatric patients with LGS undergoing DBS targeting of the centromedian thalamic nuclei (CMTN).

Involvement of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 in eosinophil extracellular trap formation and contribution to citrullinated histone signal in thrombi.

Background: Extracellular traps formed by neutrophils (NETs) and eosinophils (EETs) have been described in coronary thrombi, contributing to thrombus stability. A key mechanism during NET formation is histone modification by the enzyme PAD4. Citrullinated histones, the product of PAD4 activity, are often attributed to neutrophils.

Does Operative Level Impact Dysphagia Severity After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion?: A Multicenter Prospective Analysis.

Study Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objective: To explore the association between operative level and postoperative dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Background: Dysphagia is common after ACDF and has several risk factors, including soft tissue edema.

Effect of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis on hematologic toxicity in patients receiving chemoradiation for primary brain tumors.

Purpose: Diffuse gliomas are managed with radiation and temozolomide; however, this therapy often results in hematologic toxicities. Patients undergoing chemoradiation also risk contracting Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), and frequently receive prophylaxis against PJP during treatment. Independent of chemoradiation, some PJP prophylaxis drugs have the potential to cause myelosuppression, which could require cessation of chemotherapy.

Frequency and predictors of complication clustering within 30 days of spinal fusion surgery: a study of children with neuromuscular scoliosis.

Purpose: There is limited information on the clustering or co-occurrence of complications after spinal fusion surgery for neuromuscular disease in children. We aimed to identify the frequency and predictive factors of co-occurring perioperative complications in these children.

Methods: In this retrospective database cohort study, we identified children (ages 10-18 years) with neuromuscular scoliosis who underwent elective spinal fusion in 2012-2020 from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database.

Development of the Japanese version of the Ego-Dissolution Inventory (EDI).

Aim: Psychedelics have recently gained attention as potential therapeutic agents for various psychiatric disorders. Previous research has highlighted that a diminished sense of self, commonly termed "ego-dissolution" is a pivotal feature of the psychedelic-induced state. While the Ego-Dissolution Inventory (EDI) is a widely acknowledged instrument for measuring this phenomenon, no Japanese version has been available.

Pediatric Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Mapping and Monitoring in Brain Surgery.

Similar to adults, children undergoing brain surgery can significantly benefit from intraoperative neurophysiologic mapping and monitoring. Although young brains present the advantage of increased plasticity, during procedures in close proximity to eloquent regions, the risk of irreversible neurological compromise remains and can be lowered further by these techniques. More so, pathologies specific to the pediatric population, such as neurodevelopmental lesions, often result in medically refractory epilepsy.

Predictive value of cerebrovascular time constant for delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Time constant of the cerebral arterial bed (τ) is a transcranial Doppler (TCD) based metric that is expected to quantify the transit time of red blood cells from the insonation point to the arteriole-capillary boundary during a cardiac cycle. This study aims to assess the potential of τ as an early predictor of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Consecutive patients (56 ± 15 years) treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage were included in the study.

Excess mortality and its causes among older adults with schizophrenia versus those with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a 5-year prospective multicenter study.

Excess mortality observed in people with schizophrenia may persist in later life. The specific causes of increased mortality observed in older adults with schizophrenia and the potential influence of psychotropic medications remain partly unknown. We compared 5-year mortality and its causes of older adults with schizophrenia to bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD).

The risk analysis index demonstrates superior discriminative ability in predicting extended length of stay in pituitary adenoma resection patients when compared to the 5-point modified frailty index.

Objective: To compare the predictive abilities of two frailty indices on post-operative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing pituitary adenoma resection.

Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to retrospectively collect data for patients undergoing pituitary adenoma resection between 2015-2019. To compare the predictive abilities of two of the most common frailty indices, the 5-point modified frailty index (mFI-5) and the risk analysis index (RAI), receiver operating curve analysis (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC)/Cstatistic were used.

Exoscope for revision of right lateral femoral cutaneous nerve decompression.

The exoscope serves as a valuable addition or alternative to traditional microscope systems in surgery, offering 3D visualization and magnification with enhanced maneuverability. In lateral femoral cutaneous nerve decompression for meralgia paresthetica, the exoscope is effective in identifying strictures of neural compression and minimizing iatrogenic nerve damage that may lead to improved pain management outcomes for patients. In this report, the specific case presented showcases how the exoscope aided in surgical decompression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of a patient with refractory meralgia paresthetica with remote previous decompression and resultant scarring.

De novo cerebral pseudoaneurysm formation: a rare delayed complication of stereotactic electroencephalography in children.

Objective: To describe the rare complication of cerebral pseudoaneurysm formation following stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG) lead implantation in children.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients undergoing sEEG procedures between 2015 and 2020 was performed. Cases of pseudoaneurysm were identified and reviewed.

Blood Pressure Trajectories and Outcomes After Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Data on systolic blood pressure (SBP) trajectories in the first 24 hours after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke are limited. We sought to identify these trajectories and their relationship to outcomes.

Methods: We combined individual-level data from 5 studies of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent EVT and had individual blood pressure values after the end of the procedure.

Modulation of motor surround inhibition during motor tasks.

Surround inhibition (SI) in the motor system is important in individuation of actions, but is sometimes difficult to demonstrate. It has also not been evaluated in real life tasks. In this study, we use real life tasks and a new method where excitability of the surround muscle is assessed with respect to its current activity level rather than when it is at rest.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of NLY01 in early untreated Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Converging lines of evidence suggest that microglia are relevant to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, justifying exploration of therapeutic agents thought to attenuate pathogenic microglial function. We sought to test the safety and efficacy of NLY01-a brain-penetrant, pegylated, longer-lasting version of exenatide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) that is believed to be anti-inflammatory via reduction of microglia activation-in Parkinson's disease.

Methods: We report a 36-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of NLY01 in participants with early untreated Parkinson's disease conducted at 58 movement disorder clinics in the USA.

Novel inductively coupled ear-bars (ICEs) to enhance restored fMRI signal from susceptibility compensation in rats.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging faces inherent challenges when applied to deep-brain areas in rodents, e.g. entorhinal cortex, due to the signal loss near the ear cavities induced by susceptibility artifacts and reduced sensitivity induced by the long distance from the surface array coil.

NeuroEPO plus (NeuralCIM) in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's clinical syndrome: the ATHENEA randomized clinical trial.

Background: NeuroEPO plus is a recombinant human erythropoietin without erythropoietic activity and shorter plasma half-life due to its low sialic acid content. NeuroEPO plus prevents oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and cognitive deficit in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of neuroEPO plus.

The role of surgical management for prolactin-secreting tumors in the era of dopaminergic agonists: An international multicenter report.

Objective: First-line prolactin-secreting tumor (PST) management typically involves treatment with dopamine agonists and the role of surgery remains to be further explored. We examined the international experience of 12 neurosurgical centers to assess the patient characteristics, safety profile, and effectiveness of surgery for PST management.

Methods: Patients surgically treated for PST from January 2017 through December 2020 were evaluated for surgical characteristics, outcomes, and safety.

Disparities in indications and outcomes reporting for pediatric tethered cord surgery: The need for a standardized outcome assessment tool.

Purpose: Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is characterized by abnormal attachment of the spinal cord neural elements to surrounding tissues. The most common symptoms include pain, motor or sensory dysfunction, and urologic deficits. Although TCS is common in children, there is a significant heterogeneity in outcomes reporting.