A Neuronal Signal Sorting and Amplifying Nanosensor for EEG-Concordant Imaging-Guided Precision Epilepsy Ablation.

Surgery remains an essential treatment for managing drug-resistant focal epilepsy, but its accessibility and efficacy are limited in patients without distinct structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Potassium ion (K), a critical marker for seizure-associated neuronal signaling, shows significant promise for designing sensors targeting hidden epileptic foci. However, existing sensors cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and lack the ability to specifically enrich and amplify K signals in the brain with high temporal and spatial resolution.

The characterization of new de novo CACNA1G variants affecting the intracellular gate of Cav3.1 channel broadens the spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes in SCA42ND.

Purpose: Missense de novo variants in CACNA1G, which encodes the Cav3.1 T-type calcium channel, have been associated with a severe, early-onset form of cerebellar disorder with neurodevelopmental deficits (SCA42ND). We explored a large series of pediatric cases carrying heterozygous variants in CACNA1G to further characterize genotype-phenotype correlations in SCA42ND.

Neuro-toxicities of chemo- and immune-therapies in haematologic malignancies: from mechanism to management.

Chemo- and immune therapies administered to treat haematologic malignancies frequently cause neurologic injury. The adverse events range from mild cognitive impairment and headaches to severe conditions such as seizures, stroke and encephalitis. We performed a comprehensive literature review and report the types, mechanisms, management and prevention of neuro-toxicity resulting from these therapies in subjects who develop these toxic effects.

The Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Sign: A Novel Imaging Marker for Differentiating Multiple System Atrophy Cerebellar Type from Spinocerebellar Ataxia.

Background And Purpose: The hot cross bun (HCB) sign is a hallmark feature of multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C), typically observed in advanced stages of the disease; however, it can also present in other conditions such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), making the differentiation challenging. The middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) sign may be observed in various medical conditions and in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP), known to be affected in MSA-C, may exhibit hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging, potentially aiding in differentiating MSA-C from SCA.

Smartphone pupillometry with machine learning differentiates ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke: A pilot study.

Objectives: Similarities between acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke make diagnosis and triage challenging. We studied a smartphone-based quantitative pupillometer for differentiation of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Materials And Methods: Stroke patients were recruited prior to surgical or interventional treatment.

Intermittent Vibration Induces Sleep via an Allatostatin A-GABA Signaling Pathway and Provides Broad Benefits in Alzheimer's Disease Models.

While animals across species typically experience suppressed consciousness and an increased arousal threshold during sleep, the responsiveness to specific sensory inputs persists. Previous studies have demonstrated that rhythmic and continuous vibration can enhance sleep in both animals and humans. However, the neural circuits underlying vibration-induced sleep (VIS) and its potential therapeutic benefits on neuropathological processes in disease models remain unclear.

TargetSA: Adaptive Simulated Annealing for Target-Specific Drug Design.

Motivation: The burgeoning field of target-specific drug design has attracted considerable attention, focusing on identifying compounds with high binding affinity towards specific target pockets. Nevertheless, existing target-specific deep generative models encounter notable challenges. Some models heavily rely on elaborate datasets and complicated training methodologies, while others neglect the multi-constraint optimization problem inherent in drug design, resulting in generated molecules with irrational structures or chemical properties.

Olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: A comprehensive and updated meta-analysis.

Olfaction plays a key role in our daily life, influencing food enjoyment, threat detection, mood and social relationships. Numerous studies have provided evidence of abnormal olfactory function in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. This pre-registered meta-analysis was conducted to (a) provide an updated overview of olfactory function in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, and (b) examine the modulatory effects of demographic and clinical variables on distinct olfactory abilities.

No evidence for an association of testosterone and cortisol hair concentrations with social decision-making in a large cohort of young adults.

Prior research has established that testosterone is an important modulator of social decision-making. However, evidence on the relationship between basal testosterone levels, commonly measured in saliva or blood, and social behavior has been inconsistent due to methodological shortcomings. Additionally, it has been suggested that cortisol might moderate the association between basal testosterone and social behavior.

Patient flow analysis with fast-track MRI for suspected stroke in the emergency department and associated non-comprehensive stroke center.

Background: Good outcomes in stroke care require swift diagnostics, for which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as first-line brain imaging is superior to computed tomography scans. Reduced length of stay (LOS) in hospital and emergency departments (ED) may optimize resource use. Fast-track stroke MRI was implemented as the primary imaging technique for suspected stroke, in the ED at Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte in 2020.

Protocol for identifying sound-activated neurons in the inferior colliculus by cFos immunostaining.

cfos is an immediate early gene commonly used to identify neuronal activation. After loud sound stimulation, neurons in the inferior colliculus are activated and cFos is expressed in the nucleus. Here, we present a protocol for quantifying neuronal activity in response to auditory stimulation using cFos immunostaining in the mouse inferior colliculus.

Hippocampal damage through foreign body placement in organotypic cultures leads to plastic responses in newly born granule cells.

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage. The latter involves global alterations, making understanding plastic responses triggered by local damage difficult. One key feature of the dentate gyrus is that it contains a well-defined neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone, and beyond neurogenesis, newly born granule cells may maintain a "young" phenotype throughout life, adding to the plastic nature of the structure.

Generation, interrogation, and future applications of microglia-containing brain organoids.

Brain organoids encompass a large collection of in vitro stem cell-derived 3D culture systems that aim to recapitulate multiple aspects of in vivo brain development and function. First, this review provides a brief introduction to the current state-of-the-art for neuro-ectoderm brain organoid development, emphasizing their biggest advantages in comparison with classical two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models. However, despite their usefulness for developmental studies, a major limitation for most brain organoid models is the absence of contributing cell types from endodermal and mesodermal origin.

MicroRNA-495 Modulates Neuronal Layer Fate Determination by Targeting .

During cortical development, the differentiation potential of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is one of the most critical steps in normal cortical formation and function. Defects in this process can lead to many brain disorders. MicroRNA dysregulation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with risk for a variety of developmental and psychiatric conditions.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening Tests for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review.

Peripheral neuropathy is a common cause of morbidity in diabetes. Despite recent advancements in early diagnosis methods, there is a need for practical, highly sensitive, and cost-effective screening methods in clinical practice. This study summarizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of validated screening methods for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body.

The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual's body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies.

Common lipidomic signatures across distinct acute brain injuries in patient outcome prediction.

Lipidomic alterations have been associated with various neurological diseases. Examining temporal changes in serum lipidomic profiles, irrespective of injury type, reveals promising prognostic indicators. In this longitudinal prospective observational study, serum samples were collected early (46 ± 24 h) and late (142 ± 52 h) post-injury from 70 patients with ischemic stroke, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury that had outcomes dichotomized as favorable (modified Rankin Scores (mRS) 0-3) and unfavorable (mRS 4-6) three months post-injury.

Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Neurofeedback has been proposed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but the efficacy of this intervention remains unclear.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using probably blinded (ie, rated by individuals probably or certainly unaware of treatment allocation) or neuropsychological outcomes to test the efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for ADHD in terms of core symptom reduction and improved neuropsychological outcomes.

Data Sources: PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid (PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase + Embase Classic), and Web of Science, as well as the reference lists of eligible records and relevant systematic reviews, were searched until July 25, 2023, with no language limits.

Exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms and wet biomarkers of disease.

disease (also known as Chorea-Acanthocytosis, ChAc) is a representative subtype of the neuroacanthocytosis (NA) syndromes, characterized by neurodegeneration in the central nervous system and acanthocytosis in peripheral blood. It is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the VPS13A gene, which is currently the only known pathogenic gene for ChAc. VPS13A protein is a member of novel bridge-like lipid transfer proteins family located at membrane contact sites, forming direct channels for lipid transport.

Transethnic analysis identifies SORL1 variants and haplotypes protective against Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The SORL1 locus exhibits protective effects against Alzheimer's disease (AD) across ancestries, yet systematic studies in diverse populations are sparse.

Methods: Logistic regression identified AD-associated SORL1 haplotypes in East Asian (N = 5249) and European (N = 8588) populations. Association analysis between SORL1 haplotypes and AD-associated traits or plasma biomarkers was conducted.

Stability of performance monitoring with prolonged task performance: A study of error-related negativity and error positivity.

The use of forced-choice response tasks to study indices of performance monitoring, such as the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe), is common, and such tasks are often used as a part of larger batteries in experimental research. ERN amplitude typically decreases over the course of a single task, but it is unclear whether amplitude changes persist beyond a single task or whether Pe amplitude changes over time. This preregistered study examined how prolonged task performance affects ERN and Pe amplitude across two study batteries, each with three different tasks.

Leptomeningeal metastatic disease: new frontiers and future directions.

Leptomeningeal metastatic disease (LMD), encompassing entities of 'meningeal carcinomatosis', neoplastic meningitis' and 'leukaemic/lymphomatous meningitis', arises secondary to the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells from extracranial and certain intracranial malignancies into the leptomeninges and cerebrospinal fluid. The clinical burden of LMD has been increasing secondary to more sensitive diagnostics, aggressive local therapies for discrete brain metastases, and improved management of extracranial disease with targeted and immunotherapeutic agents, resulting in improved survival. However, owing to drug delivery challenges and the unique microenvironment of LMD, novel therapies against systemic disease have not yet translated into improved outcomes for these patients.