[Surgical treatment of secondary trigeminal neuralgia].

Objective: To present a case series analysis of surgical treatment of patients with secondary trigeminal neuralgia.

Material And Methods: The treatment of 8 patients with secondary trigeminal neuralgia who underwent surgery since 2021 was analyzed. All records, neuroimaging archive, and follow-up observations were reviewed.

Severe headache as the first presentation of post-COVID-19 brain and spinal cord injury resembling neurosarcoidosis.

Purpose: Sarcoidosis, a multi-organ granulomatous disease, occasionally involves the nervous system, presenting as neurosarcoidosis. The following case demonstrates a potential association between COVID-19 and brain and spinal cord injury mimicking neurosarcoidosis.

Case Description: A 51-year-old woman presented with persistent holocranial headache, nausea, vertigo, and neurological deficits one month after a COVID-19 hospitalization.

Progressive Neurosarcoidosis Presenting as Idiopathic Hypopituitarism With Atypical Radiological Features for 13 Years.

Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated multisystem condition of unknown etiology, characterized by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. While it commonly affects the lungs and the reticuloendothelial system, it can affect any organ. Most of such cases involve the central nervous system, but the condition rarely presents with symptoms related to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.

Neurosarcoidosis Presenting With Diffuse Multinodular Pachymeningeal Enhancement in the Cervicothoracic Spine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Neurosarcoidosis, particularly in the absence of extra-neurologic systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis, is a challenging diagnosis that has a wide array of presentations. Most often presenting with cranial neuropathies, basilar meningitis or pituitary/hypothalamic dysfunction, isolated involvement of the spinal cord without cranial manifestations is exceptionally rare, often involving intramedullary lesions. Here, we present the unique case of a 64-year-old female with atypical neurosarcoidosis presenting with myelopathy from extra-dural nodules without other neurologic or systemic symptoms.

Diagnosing Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Adult: A Case Report.

Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, often fatal immune disorder characterized by an overactivation of the immune system. This disease is more common in children but has been known to occur in the occasional adult. The criteria for diagnosis in children do not correlate well with diagnosis in adults, and the numerous variations of presentation in adults often lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment initiation.

Case report: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy co-occurring with neurosarcoidosis: early brain biopsy and appropriate therapy for PML resulted in a favorable prognosis.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare central nervous system disease caused by JC virus (JCV) infection. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the greatest risk factor for PML. Other immunological diseases, including systemic sarcoidosis, have also been reported as risk factors for PML.

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: considerations in people from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in North America, northern Europe, and Australasia.

The differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis has been developed using data from North America, northern Europe, and Australasia, with a focus on White populations. People from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in regions where prevalence of multiple sclerosis is high are more often negatively affected by social determinants of health, compared with White people in these regions. A better understanding of changing demographics, the clinical characteristics of people from minority ethnic or racial backgrounds, and the social challenges they face might facilitate equitable clinical approaches when considering a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Neurosarcoidosis Complicated by Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus with Atypical Presentation, Diagnosed and Treated with Endoscopic Surgery: A Case Report.

Neurosarcoidosis is a condition that is characterized by the occurrence of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas in various organs throughout the body, including the lungs, heart, and central nervous system. It is particularly prevalent in cases of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. While its clinical presentations may vary, neurological deficits such as hemiparesis are extremely uncommon.

Neurosarcoidosis: Clinical, biological, and MRI presentation of central nervous system disease in a national multicenter cohort.

Introduction: Neurosarcoidosis (NS) is a systemic inflammatory granulomatous disease affecting of patients with sarcoidosis. Its diagnosis is difficult as there is no specific test for it. Because of its rarity, the management of NS has so far only been described in case series and short retrospective cohorts.

Systemic Sarcoidosis With Neurosarcoidosis Features as a Risk Factor for Multifocal Osteonecrosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects diverse organs such as the lungs, skin, eyes, and brain. Osseous involvement in sarcoidosis usually affects bones of the appendages with direct infiltration of non-caseating granulomas without bony infarcts. Symptoms of sarcoid bone lesions respond well to corticosteroid therapy.

Targeting cytokine networks in neuroinflammatory diseases.

In neuroinflammatory diseases, systemic (blood-borne) leukocytes invade the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to tissue damage. A causal relationship between neuroinflammatory diseases and dysregulated cytokine networks is well established across several preclinical models. Cytokine dysregulation is also observed as an inadvertent effect of cancer immunotherapy, where it often leads to neuroinflammation.