Surv Ophthalmol
May 2017
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Electronic address:
Parasitic infections of the eyes are a major cause of ocular diseases across the globe. The causative agents range from simple organisms such as unicellular protozoans to complex metazoan helminths. The disease spectrum varies depending on the geographic location, prevailing hygiene, living and eating habits of the inhabitants, and the type of animals that surround them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
July 2016
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is an ocular disease caused by a subretinal nematode worm. The authors present a unique case of a 9-year-old girl with DUSN due to presumed Baylisascaris procyonis, given the size of the worm and previous raccoon exposure. The worm was located in the inner retina and treated with laser photocoagulation and albendazole.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ophthalmic Vis Res
May 2016
Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Purpose: Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN), a form of posterior uveitis, is secondary to the presence of a highly motile nematode in the intraretinal or subretinal space. Herein, we report a case of DUSN that was successfully managed by an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone and laser therapy.
Case Report: A middle-aged man with complaint of decreased vision and marked unilateral vitritis and neuroretinitis.
Clin Microbiol Rev
April 2016
Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Baylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, infects a wide range of vertebrate animals, including humans, in which it causes a particularly severe type of larva migrans. It is an important cause of severe neurologic disease (neural larva migrans [NLM]) but also causes ocular disease (OLM; diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis [DUSN]), visceral larva migrans (VLM), and covert/asymptomatic infections. B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Med Case Rep J
November 2015
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
A 22-year-old Malay female presented with left eye floaters for 2 weeks, associated with temporal visual field defect and metamorphopsia for 3 days. She has a guinea pig and a hedgehog at home, but denied being bitten or scratched by them. Her visual acuity at presentation was 6/12 on the left eye and 6/6 on the right eye.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Ophthalmol
October 2015
Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Purpose: To describe the clinical features, management, and outcomes of patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN).
Methods: A noncomparative, consecutive analysis of case series from two tertiary care campuses of LV Prasad Eye Institute, India, between January 2011 and April 2014 was performed. Medical records of the patients presenting with DUSN (early or late stage) were reviewed.
Am J Trop Med Hyg
September 2015
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana; Virology Laboratory, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa
Ocular Baylisascaris procyonis infection results from ingestion of infective eggs of B. procyonis, the raccoon ascarid. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection of the retina is the result of either primary infection or reactivated disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Korean Med Sci
March 2015
Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
A 52-yr-old male was referred for progressive visual loss in the left eye. The decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.01.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Ophthalmol
July 2014
Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Clin Ophthalmol
June 2014
Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Federative Republic of Brazil, Brazil.
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in assessing patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN).
Methods: This was an observational case series with clinical imaging correlation performed at the Retina and Vitreous Institute of Londrina and State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The series comprised ten consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DUSN, ie, seven patients with late-stage disease and three with early-stage disease, who were assessed by SD-OCT for mean macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, and choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging software.
Retina
August 2014
*Medical Retina Department, Uevitis Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and †Electrophysiology Department, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Purpose: To report novel spectral domain optical coherence tomography and electrophysiologic findings in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.
Methods: Six patients with a diagnosis of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis were retrospectively ascertained. All patients had received oral treatment with albendazole; resolution of the inflammatory lesions without subsequent relapse was noted.
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a form of uveitis that can potentially lead to blindness. In Brazil and other parts of South America, diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis is an important cause of posterior uveitis in children and healthy young adults. If diagnosed and treated in early stage, allows a resolution of symptoms with improvement of visual acuity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHandb Clin Neurol
April 2014
Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Baylisascaris procyonis is a roundworm of the raccoon found primarily in North America but also known to occur in other parts of the world including South America, Europe, and Japan. Migration of the larvae of this parasite is recognized as a cause of clinical neural larva migrans (NLM) in humans, primarily children. It is manifested as meningoencephalitis associated with marked eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
March 2014
Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a usually unilateral inflammatory disease characterized by an insidious, usually severe loss of peripheral and central vision. Clinical characteristics are manifested in early and late stages. Parasites of different sizes and several species of nematodes have been reported as the etiology of DUSN without conclusive evidence about the specific agent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetin Cases Brief Rep
November 2014
*Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil †Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade de Campinas ‡Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Olhos Niterói, Niteroi, Brazil.
Purpose: To document the intraretinal migration of presumed toxocara larvae mimicking punctate inner choroidopathy, idiopathic choroidal neovascularization, and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.
Methods: Sequential color photographs, fluorescein angiograms, and optical coherence tomography were performed in three unrelated adult patients with presumed ocular toxocariasis.
Results: Characteristic fundoscopic manifestations simulating punctate inner choroidopathy, idiopathic choroidal neovascularization, and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis were reported in these patients, respectively.
Clin Ophthalmol
October 2012
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
We report a case of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in a young boy with no clinical visualization of nematode. The diagnosis was made based on clinical findings and detection of Toxocara immunoglobulin G by Western blot test. An 11-year-old Malay boy presented with progressive blurring of vision in the left eye for a duration of 1 year.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Ophthalmol
April 2012
Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Purpose: To describe the determinant clinical signs to diagnose diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) and the main features related to identification of the live worm.
Design: Retrospective study performed at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, between 2003 and 2008.
Methods: Patients with early- or late-stage diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis were included.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm
April 2012
Purpose: To show that diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) may masquerade as multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, and to describe structural and functional recovery following treatment in DUSN.
Design: Case report.
Methods: Baseline and serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) and perimetry following photocoagulation of nematode.
Vet Parasitol
April 2012
Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Baylisascaris procyonis is a zoonotic parasite that has been documented in raccoons throughout much of the United States; however, no published information on its occurrence is available for the transition zone from the Great Plains to the Rocky Mountains. Because this parasite can cause neural larva migrans and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in humans (as well as other hosts), a more complete understanding of the distribution of this parasite seems warranted for public health reasons. The purpose of this study was to begin to fill in the gaps in our knowledge of the distribution of B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ophthalmol
November 2011
Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
Purpose. To describe the SD-OCT findings in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) and evaluate CRT and RNFL thickness. Methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Ophthalmol
June 2011
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Background: Live intraocular nematode is a rare occurrence. Nematode can migrate actively within the eye, creating visual symptoms and damaging ocular tissue.
Case Presentation: A 26-year old man presented with painless reduced vision of the left eye for one week duration.
Arq Bras Oftalmol
August 2011
Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Our purpose is to report a case of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) in which an ophthalmoscopically visible worm was found and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans allowed the precise localization of the parasite in the intraretinal layers. Our findings suggest that the parasite moves in the inner portions of the retina possibly explaining the severe degenerative neural changes that it causes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
April 2016
Parasitic infections may damage various ocular tissues, thereby causing visual dysfunction. In 1950, Wilder described the first case in which larval forms of nematodal intestinal roundworms (Ascaridoidea: Ascaris, Toxocara, Ancylostoma, Necator, and Strongyloides) were implicated as a cause of intraocular disease. This review focuses on two disorders associated with parasitic infections: ocular toxocariasis and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.
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