5,886 results match your criteria: "Neurological History and Physical Examination"

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a well-established risk factor for future strokes, making interventions that target recovery and vascular risk crucial. This study aimed to assess the safety and clinical effects of a polyphenol-rich extract in post-TIA patients. A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with participants who had a history of TIA or minor stroke and who received 1 g of Salicornia extract or placebo over 11 months.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral nerve entrapment disorder that is diagnosed using clinical signs and symptoms and confirmed via nerve conduction studies (NCSs). While NCS is a semi-invasive procedure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that detects macroscopic nerve abnormalities and evaluates a patient's surgical or medication treatment options. This study assessed magnetic resonance neurography (MRN)'s diagnostic and grading value by comparing it to electrodiagnostic studies in patients with CTS and healthy individuals.

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Mortality and Pulmonary Complications of Post-stroke Dysphagia: A Casuistic Review of an Acute Stroke Unit.

Cureus

December 2024

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) de Viseu Dão-Lafões, Viseu, PRT.

Introduction: Dysphagia is a common post-stroke neurological disorder. Early screening for dysphagia can identify patients at risk of aspiration, thereby reducing the occurrence of pulmonary complications, morbidity, and mortality in this population.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of an intervention in a stroke unit, following a retrospective study carried out in the same unit in 2020, which investigated the association between dysphagia and acute cerebrovascular disease and analyzed the prevalence of readmissions due to respiratory tract infections (RTI) and mortality.

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Schwannomas (SCs) are benign tumors composed of neoplastic Schwann cells and are relatively uncommon intracranially. Although these tumors are frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), they may also arise idiopathically, and their pathogenesis remains poorly understood. A 70-year-old Caucasian man presented with a two-month history of vertigo, gait imbalance, and decreased visual acuity in the left eye accompanied by photophobia, nausea, vomiting, and occasional headaches.

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Aseptic Meningitis and White Matter Disease in Childhood-Onset Neuropsychiatric Lupus.

Case Rep Rheumatol

December 2024

Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, King's Park, Hong Kong.

We reported a 10-year-old girl who had an atypical demyelinating disease as the presentation of her neuropsychiatric lupus. The patient had a 4-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus which had been on remission until she presented with fever and headache at the age of 10 years. Physical examination showed meningism.

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Background: Pain is a complex problem that is triaged, diagnosed, treated, and billed based on which body part is painful, almost without exception. While the "body part framework" guides the organization and treatment of individual patients' pain conditions, it remains unclear how to best conceptualize, study, and treat pain conditions at the population level. Here, we investigate (1) how the body part framework agrees with population-level, biologically derived pain profiles; (2) how do data-derived pain profiles interface with other symptom domains from a whole-body perspective; and (3) whether biologically derived pain profiles capture clinically salient differences in medical history.

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: Degenerative cervical myelopathy is a progressive neurological disorder that is commonly encountered in clinical practice and its incidence is expected to increase alongside the aging population. Given the importance of early and accurate diagnosis in this patient population, this narrative review aims to provide a repository of up-to-date information regarding pertinent patient history, physical exam findings, and potential alternate diagnoses. : The PubMed database was queried for publications from 1 January 2019 to 19 March 2024.

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Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by cold-reactive IgM antibodies leading to complement-mediated hemolysis. While CAD-associated venous thromboembolism is recognized, its role in arterial thromboembolic events, particularly ischemic stroke, is poorly defined. We report an 84-year-old woman who developed acute onset upper left extremity weakness following exposure to sub-zero temperatures.

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Background: Healthcare and social workers had an increased occupational risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic. Some developed long-lasting symptoms known as post-COVID syndrome (PCS). To assess the consequences of COVID-19 for individuals insured by the German Social Accident Insurance, the BG hospitals (Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken: clinics for occupational accident insurance) established an interdisciplinary diagnostic programme.

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Precision neurology.

Ageing Res Rev

December 2024

Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Over the past several decades, high-resolution brain imaging, blood and cerebrospinal fluid analyses, and other advanced technologies have changed diagnosis from an exercise depending primarily on the history and physical examination to a computer- and online resource-aided process that relies on larger and larger quantities of data. In addition, randomized controlled trials (RCT) at a population level have led to many new drugs and devices to treat neurological disease, including disease-modifying therapies. We are now at a crossroads.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Rare Cause of Pachymeningitis and Optic Neuritis.

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med

November 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, Tower Health, Reading Hospital, West Reading, USA.

Introduction: Rheumatoid pachymeningitis and optic neuritis are rare complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are a diagnosis of exclusion.

Case Description: A 75-year-old male with a history of seronegative RA presented to the emergency department with left eye pain and blurry vision lasting two days. He had been diagnosed with seronegative RA around nine months previously.

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Jael's syndrome: Removal of a retained intracranial kitchen knife blade - A case report.

Surg Neurol Int

November 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, Arrazi Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center of Marrakesh, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Medicine, Marrakesh, Morocco.

Background: Jael's syndrome is defined as an intentional injury caused by a knife in the skull or the face. It is a rare yet challenging situation in clinical practice. Initial triage is the key to optimal management.

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Background: Marin-Amat syndrome is a rare, irreversible, and hard-to-treat neurological sequalae that has recently been associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Given the rarity of this condition and the absence of curative treatment to date, the authors herein review the literature to date and report the first ever successful surgical treatment of 2 patients who developed Marin-Amat syndrome after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.

Materials And Methods: In this case study, the authors treated Marin-Amat syndrome in a 45-year-old woman and a 75-year-old woman with facial palsy that developed 24 days and 4 months after receiving COVID-19 vaccination, respectively.

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Gait variability predicts real-life falls in high-functioning stroke survivors.

Clin Biomech (Bristol)

January 2025

Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. Electronic address:

Background: While over 60 % of adults with stroke fall each year, the risk is greatest in high-functioning individuals with mild motor impairments and greater physical mobility. We lack sensitive predictors of falls in this population. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the relative contribution of gait variability and widely used tests of balance and mobility in predicting real-life falls in high-functioning adults with stroke.

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Drug-Induced Type 1 Brugada Pattern: A Case Report.

Cureus

November 2024

Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, GBR.

Article Synopsis
  • Brugada syndrome is a genetic heart disorder characterized by abnormal heart rhythms, leading to fainting and potential sudden death, even in otherwise healthy individuals.
  • A 33-year-old man was diagnosed with drug-induced type 1 Brugada pattern after experiencing syncopal episodes that mimicked seizures, with no history of heart issues or epilepsy.
  • The antidepressant dosulepin was identified as the likely trigger for the condition, and a psychiatry consult was recommended to evaluate medication alternatives.
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Carotid artery dissection (CAD) is a recognized cause of ischemic stroke (IS) in young adults. At the same time, hyperthyroidism, particularly in the context of thyroid storm (TS), can also lead to IS through mechanisms related and unrelated to atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the coexistence of CAD and thyrotoxicosis is extremely rare.

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Kunze-Riehm syndrome, commonly known as Michelin tire baby syndrome (MTBS), is a rare genetic disease characterized by multiple circumferential skin folds on the limbs and trunk. The exact etiology, mechanism, and prognosis of MTBS remain poorly understood. Symptoms other than the circumferential skin folds, as well as the severity of the condition, vary among cases, ranging from only skin folds to severe neurological complications.

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Gait parameters in Healthy Older Adults in Korea.

J Mov Disord

November 2024

Department of Neurology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.

Objective: Gait is the most fundamental and common form of human locomotion, essential in daily activities. We aimed to investigate gait parameters in medically and cognitively healthy older adults to determine the independent effects of age, physical attributes, and cognition on these parameters.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled healthy older adult participants aged ≥50 years with normal cognition and no neurological symptoms or medical/surgical histories that could potentially affect gait.

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Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) or acquired brain insult (ABI) present with motor disorders affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture. While CP is commonly a consequence of perinatal brain insult (PBI), pediatric ABI can occur between birth and adolescence, with movement patterns that may not be consistent with CP.

Research Question: Are gait patterns associated with CP different from those with pediatric ABI?

Materials/methods: Children with unilateral motor impairment and history of ABI at ≥18 months of age were identified from gait lab records and matched with children with CP having a history of PBI at ≤ 1 year old.

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Headaches in Sjogren's disease: A narrative review.

Headache

November 2024

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.

Objective: To review the most common types of primary and secondary headaches that are associated with Sjogren's disease (SjD).

Background: Sjogren's disease is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that typically presents with xerophthalmia, xerostomia, and arthralgias. Sensory and motor neuropathies are commonly reported neurological complications with SjD.

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Background: Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase deficiency is a rare inborn error of vitamin B metabolism that presents with drug-resistant epileptic seizures. However, the condition is responsive to supplementation with the active vitamin B metabolite pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and, in some cases, pyridoxine.

Case Presentation: In this case report, a 10-year-old Iranian male of Fars ethnicity came to a regional hospital in Tehran, Iran with a chief complaint of tic-like movement.

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Importance: Blast-related mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), the "signature injury" of post-9/11 conflicts, are associated with clinically relevant, long-term cognitive, psychological, and behavioral dysfunction and disability; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate associations between a history of remote blast-related mild TBI and regional brain volume in a sample of US veterans and active duty service members.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective cohort study of US veterans and active duty service members from the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC), which enrolled more than 1500 participants at 5 sites used in this analysis between 2014 and 2023.

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Musculoskeletal mimics for lumbosacral radiculopathy. Part 1: Theoretical considerations.

Muscle Nerve

November 2024

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • - The diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy requires ruling out other musculoskeletal conditions with similar symptoms, using patient history and physical exams to create a differential diagnosis.
  • - Various diagnostic tests, like MRI and EMG, help confirm the diagnosis but have different strengths: MRI is highly sensitive but less specific, while EMG is highly specific but less sensitive.
  • - The presence of multiple disorders in patients can complicate diagnosis and treatment, as up to 25% may have overlapping conditions, which will be discussed in a companion paper focusing on common musculoskeletal mimics.
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