4,188 results match your criteria: "Neuroimaging in Epilepsy Surgery"

Objective: This study was undertaken to anatomically categorize insulo-opercular focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesions according to their location and extent, and to summarize corresponding stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) patterns to guide preoperative evaluation and surgical planning.

Methods: Patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for insulo-opercular FCD between 2015 and 2022 were enrolled. FCD lesions were categorized into insular, peri-insular, opercular, and complex types based on their location and extent, as ascertained from electroclinical and neuroimaging data.

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Intracortical recordings reveal the neuronal selectivity for bodies and body parts in the human visual cortex.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

December 2024

Research group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and the Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.

Body perception plays a fundamental role in social cognition. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying this process in humans remain elusive given the spatiotemporal constraints of functional imaging. Here, we present intracortical recordings of single- and multiunit spiking activity in two epilepsy surgery patients in or near the extrastriate body area, a critical region for body perception.

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Targeted electrical stimulation to specific thalamic regions offers a therapeutic approach for patients with refractory focal and generalized epilepsy who are not candidates for resective surgery. However, clinical outcome varies significantly, in particular for focal epilepsy, influenced by several factors, notably the precise anatomical and functional alignment between cortical regions generating epileptic discharges and the targeted thalamic stimulation sites. Here we hypothesized that targeting thalamic nuclei with precise anatomical and functional connections to epileptic cortical areas (an approach that we refer to as hodological matching) could enhance neuromodulatory effects on focal epileptic discharges.

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Insular Epilepsy: Functions, Diagnostic Approaches, and Surgical Interventions.

J Integr Neurosci

November 2024

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that causes recurrent seizures, with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) posing significant treatment challenges.
  • Insular epilepsy, which arises from a complex brain region, has diverse symptoms that complicate diagnosis, often requiring advanced imaging and invasive methods like stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) for accurate localization.
  • Surgical resection is the main treatment for DRE, and new techniques such as microsurgery, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), and radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) are improving patient outcomes.
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Spatial and spectral changes in cortical surface potentials during pinching versusthumb and index finger flexion.

Neurosci Lett

January 2025

Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals provide high-fidelity representations of sensorimotor cortex activation during contralateral hand movements. Understanding the relationship between independent and coordinated finger movements along with their corresponding ECoG signals is crucial for precise brain mapping and neural prosthetic development. We analyzed subdural ECoG signals from three adult epilepsy patients with subdural electrode arrays implanted for seizure foci identification.

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Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare and progressive form of chronic encephalitis that typically affects one hemisphere of the brain and primarily occurs in pediatric individuals. The current study aims to narratively review the literature about RE, including historical information, pathophysiology, and management of this condition. RE often occurs in individuals with normal development, and it is estimated that only a few new cases are identified each year in epilepsy centers.

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Introduction: Central tegmental tract hyperintensity (CTTH) on T2-weighted imaging is an uncommon neuroimaging finding in pediatric patients with unclear clinical significance. CTTH may represent either a physiological or pathological process. This study evaluates the relationship between CTTH and MRI sequences (FLAIR, DWI) to explore its diagnostic value.

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Epilepsy is one of the most diffused neurological disorders, affecting 50 million people worldwide. Around 30% of patients have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), defined as failure of at least two tolerated antiseizure medications (ASMs) to achieve sustained seizure freedom. Brain surgery is an effective therapeutic approach in this group, hinging on the accurate localization of the epileptic focus.

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Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Bermuda's Triangle.

Epilepsy Curr

September 2024

Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Children's Regional Hospital, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, USA.

Despite great progress in imaging, genetics, surgery, and therapeutics, frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) continues to be a challenge for neurologists and epileptologists. This manuscript summarizes the latest advancements in FLE discussed at the 2023 Epilepsy Specialist Symposium during the American Epilepsy Society Annual meeting. Correlation between stereoelectroencephalography and clinical symptoms has reinvigorated symptomatology literature in FLE, allowing for more precise aura anatomical localization.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Effective treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy is often surgical, relying heavily on imaging to identify abnormalities, though TEs are frequently missed on standard scans.
  • * This study explored a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method to detect TEs in MRI scans, comparing its effectiveness to that of experienced neuroradiologists and epileptologists, revealing that VBM showed lower sensitivity and specificity but could still aid in improving detection and surgical outcomes.
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Factors influencing the adequacy of determining hemispheric language lateralization in presurgical epilepsy patients using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD).

Epilepsy Behav

December 2024

Goethe University Frankfurt, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

As the adequacy of determining hemispheric language lateralization (HLL) is of special importance for the planning of epilepsy surgery, this study aimed to identify predictive factors for receiving inconclusive HLL results using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD). Data from 495 epilepsy patients who received fTCD in a standardized fashion was analyzed retrospectively. HLL was left-sided in 324 patients (65.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers an alternative to the traditional Wada test for presurgical language and memory lateralization that carries almost no risk. However, fMRI lateralization of episodic memory remains challenging because the hippocampus, which is fundamental to episodic memory, is smaller, more prone to susceptibility artifact, and harder to functionally modulate than language regions. We previously showed that a complex scene memory task can lateralize memory function in the mesial temporal lobe.

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Background: Functional MRI (fMRI) has proven valuable in presurgical planning for people with brain tumors. However, it is underutilized for patients with epilepsy, likely due to less data on its added clinical value in this population. We reviewed clinical fMRI referrals at the QEII Health Sciences Center (Halifax, Nova Scotia) to determine the impact of fMRI on surgical planning for patients with epilepsy.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the relationship between comorbid psychiatric disorders and pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) associated with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), focusing on pre-surgical factors that could influence post-surgical psychiatric outcomes.
  • A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 patients, with 51 having psychiatric disorders (PD) and 55 without, to identify predictors for post-surgical PD two years after cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy (CAH).
  • Results indicated that previous psychiatric treatment was linked to the development of PD post-surgery, with 35% of patients experiencing remission of PD and 14.5% developing new PD after CAH, underscoring the complexity of
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Objectives: Resective surgery is a potential therapeutic option for select patients with intractable focal epilepsy. However, the presence of ictal onset zones within or surrounding highly functional brain areas presents a surgical challenge, leading to poor seizure and functional outcomes. This report describes our experiences with awake mapping-tailored resection of epileptogenic areas involving eloquent cortices and evaluates their feasibility, tolerance, limitations, and significance.

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In medication-resistant epilepsy, the goal of epilepsy surgery is to make a patient seizure free with a resection/ablation that is as small as possible to minimize morbidity. The standard of care in planning the margins of epilepsy surgery involves electroclinical delineation of the seizure-onset zone and incorporation of neuroimaging findings from MRI, PET, single-photon emission CT and magnetoencephalography modalities. Resecting cortical tissue generating high-frequency oscillations has been investigated as a more efficacious alternative to targeting the seizure-onset zone.

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Multimodal and quantitative analysis of the epileptogenic zone network in the pre-surgical evaluation of drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Neurophysiol Clin

November 2024

Department of Neurosciences, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Australia.

Surgical resection for epilepsy often fails due to incomplete Epileptogenic Zone Network (EZN) localization from scalp electroencephalography (EEG), stereo-EEG (SEEG), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Subjective interpretation based on interictal, or ictal recordings limits conventional EZN localization. This study employs multimodal analysis using high-density-EEG (HDEEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional-MRI (fMRI), and SEEG to overcome these limitations in a patient with drug-resistant MRI-negative focal epilepsy.

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Electrical stimulation mapping using depth stereo-EEG electrodes is an important method in the structure of presurgical diagnostics in patients with drug-resistant forms of epilepsy. Electrical stimulation mapping was first used in the 1960s and has been actively developed since then, but despite such a long history, a unified protocol for the use of this technique has not been developed and different approaches to stimulation mapping are used in different countries. Based on publications on the topic in PubMed and other available resources, we tried to briefly outline the current opinion on the significance of this technique, paying special attention to the methodological approaches of different schools to stimulation parameters when mapping epileptogenic zones, highlighting in a separate section approaches to stimulation of functionally significant zones Finally, we summarize data on the effectiveness of this method in the presurgical diagnostics of epilepsy.

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Article Synopsis
  • Subcortical brain structures play a crucial role in various developmental and psychiatric disorders, and a study analyzed brain volumes in 74,898 individuals, identifying 254 genetic loci linked to these volumes, which accounted for up to 35% of variation.
  • The research included exploring gene expression in specific neural cell types, focusing on genes involved in intracellular signaling and processes related to brain aging.
  • The findings suggest that certain genetic variants not only influence brain volume but also have potential causal links to conditions like Parkinson’s disease and ADHD, highlighting the genetic basis for risks associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Brain PET Imaging in the Presurgical Evaluation of Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy.

PET Clin

January 2025

King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Office Suite 6, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London, UK; St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.

Presurgical evaluation aims to localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ) for a tailored resection. Interictal [F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET is now an established test to lateralize and/or localize the SOZ, particularly if MR imaging is negative or if the noninvasive assessment shows discrepancies. PET can show hypometabolic areas associated with SOZ and the potential altered metabolic brain networks.

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Enhancing non-invasive pre-surgical evaluation through functional connectivity and graph theory in drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

J Neurosci Methods

January 2025

Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy.

Background: Epilepsy, characterized as a network disorder, involves widely distributed areas following seizure propagation from a limited onset zone. Accurate delineation of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is crucial for successful surgery in drug-resistant focal epilepsy. While visual analysis of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) primarily elucidates seizure spreading patterns, we employed brain connectivity techniques and graph theory principles during the pre-ictal to ictal transition to define the epileptogenic network.

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Severe acute brain injury (SABI) with suppressed consciousness is a major societal burden, with early prognosis being crucial for life-and-death treatment decisions. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is promising for prognosis and identifying epileptogenic activity in SABI. While established for SABI prognosis and seizure networks (SzNET) identification in epilepsy, the rs-fMRI use for SzNET detection in SABI is limited.

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Article Synopsis
  • Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are serious childhood epilepsy syndromes with frequent seizures and significant cognitive impairments, often not responding to standard treatments.
  • Recent advancements in neuromodulation techniques like deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) show promise in managing these conditions by targeting specific brain networks involved in seizures.
  • Initial findings, particularly with DBS for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), indicate some effectiveness, but mixed results across various DEEs highlight the need for a better understanding of brain networks to guide optimal treatment strategies.
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