[Not Available].

Cardiac arrest (CA) survivorship is associated with risk of cognitive deficits, emotional and social consequences. Early recognition of these symptoms and referral to rehabilitation is considered to be the fifth link in the chain of survival. This review highlights the need for a national standardized care plan for CA survivors based on a multidisciplinary approach.

[Not Available].

Spinal cord infarction is an infrequent event, and the occurrence of Brown-Séquard syndrome resulting from spinal cord infarction is even rarer. In this case report, a 55-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of back pain and a right-sided Brown-Séquard syndrome. MRI of the spinal cord revealed acute infarction in the right posterior spinal artery at Th5-Th10.

[Not Available].

Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by bacterial invasion and the host response to infection. Antibiotic therapy is a sine qua non, and adjunct dexamethasone decreases mortality. The ICP increase may have a rapid course and death due to herniation is most often seen within the first week.

[Not Available].

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral tick-borne infection occurring in many parts of Europe and Asia as described in this review. Increasing TBE case numbers have been reported over recent decades. In Denmark the infection is rare (1-14 annual cases).

[Not Available].

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) is practiced in several countries to increase the number of organs for transplantation. This review summarises the key points in a new protocol which will introduce controlled DCD in Denmark as an option in seriously ill patients, in whom death is inevitable and the criteria for brain death is not met. It includes a no touch period of five minutes following circulatory arrest.

[Not Available].

This review focuses on ageing and sleep. A key focus in aging is to improve senescence by extending good health, optimal cognitive function, and medical and social assistance into later life. Given that one third of the human lifespan is spent sleeping, the importance of maintaining deep, stable, and consistent sleep is self-evident for the good life quality expected and optimal daytime functioning, which the aging process always curtails.

Do We Listen to Children's Voices in Physical and Occupational Therapy? A Scoping Review.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the extent, range and nature of research activity specifically reporting the inclusion of the voices of children or adolescents when therapists are setting therapy goals and implementing therapy.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review and searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: Pedro, SciELO, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL. We included primary studies focusing on involvement of children and/or adolescents in goalsetting, decision-making or conduct of physical or occupational therapy.

Should neurosurgeons continue to work in the absence of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 era?

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). Many healthcare workers, including neurosurgeons, have expressed concern about how to safely and adequately perform their medical responsibilities in these challenging circumstances. One of these concerns revolves around the pressing question: should providers continue to work in the absence of adequate PPE? Although the first peak of the COVID-19 crisis seems to have subsided and supply of PPE has increased, concerns about insufficient PPE availability remain.

[PET with amyloid ligands should not be applied routinely in early diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease].

Recent diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease incorporate biomarkers in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy. In a recent Cochrane review the ligand (11)C-PiB showed a high sensitivity, but low specificity for detecting patients with mild cognitive impairment who would develop Alzheimer's dementia. Given the evolution of Alzheimer pathology, these findings are not surprising.

[Biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease].

Alzheimer's disease is responsible for 40-50% of dementia cases. Future treatment may include disease-modifying compounds unlikely to be efficient if administered late in the course, thus necessitating early diagnosis. Furthermore, revised diagnostic research criteria that include biomarkers of pathological accumulation of cortical beta-amyloid (decreased beta-amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid and amyloid imaging) and neurodegeneration (structural MRI and 18F-FDG-PET), have been published.

Effects of resistance training and aerobic training on ambulation in chronic stroke.

Objective: The aim of this study was to directly compare the effects of aerobic training (AT) with progressive resistance training (RT) after stroke to determine whether AT-induced fitness gains or RT-induced strength gains translate into improved ambulation across a 12-wk intervention and whether gains are retained 1 yr after cessation of formal training.

Design: This study is a randomized controlled 12-wk intervention trial with a 1-yr follow-up. Forty-three community-dwelling independent walkers with a chronic ischemic hemiparetic stroke were allocated to AT using a cycle ergometer (n = 13), RT using training machines (n = 14), or low-intensity sham training of the arms (n = 16).

[Secondary prevention of stroke with effective antihypertensive treatment].

In this meta-analysis, four of five placebo-controlled studies showed that antihypertensive treatment prevented stroke recurrence, most markedly in a study with a combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic. Studies with beta-blockers were not included. Two head-to-head comparisons of a calcium antagonist and an angiotensin receptor antagonist showed no clear difference.

[Neurointensive care of severe traumatic brain injury].

We present a Danish algorithm for the neurointensive care of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. The primary goal is to avoid cerebral ischaemia and hypoxia and secondarily brain injury. Patient evaluation by a neurosurgeon is mandatory, and decision-making concerning extended cerebral monitoring should take place immediately.

[Wartenberg's migrant sensory neuritis].

Two patients with progressive multifocal sensory symptoms and signs are described. The sensory disturbances were bilateral, and mainly arose in the territory of the radial nerves. Stretching or touching the wrist elicited electrical sensations in the fingers.

[Natalizumab (Tysabri)].

Natalizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody against alpha4-intigrin. In a large phase III study on relapsing-remitting MS Natalizumab reduced the relapse rate by 68% and the appearance of permanent neurological deficits by 42%. Currently, Natalizumab is the most effective disease-modifying treatment of relapsing-remitting MS.

[Organ donation from alcohol and opioid-abusing patient].

A case of a 37-year old obese patient with alcohol, sedative and opioid abuse as well as previous admissions with chest pain is presented. The patient suffered from a large subarachnoid haemorrhage and the clinical diagnosis of brain death was made. He had substantial signs of organ failure.

[What is intensive therapy? Neurointensive therapy].

The neurointensive care unit provides observation and treatment of acute, life-threatening disorders of and injuries to the central and peripheral nervous system. The primary aim of care is the prevention of secondary neuronal damage; this requires a highly multidisciplinary approach, involving neuromonitoring as well as management of systemic comorbidity and complications. This article presents major pathophysiological issues specific to neurointensive care, as well as recent advances in the management of the critically-ill neurosurgical and neurological patient.

[Use of rating scales with adult brain tumour patients].

The health system's requirement to quality assurance is resulting in the increasing demand to record the clinical condition of patients. Rating scales are increasingly used in the evaluation of the clinical status. In brain tumour patients, Karnofsky Performance Status has been the most employed scale.

[Diagnostic imaging in dementia evaluation].

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in diagnoses and treatment by structural scanning in dementia evaluation.

Material And Methods: 336 elderly, consecutively evaluated patients from two university memory clinics (mean age 75 y, mean MMSE 21.7), were retrospectively diagnosed without and with inclusion of scan results.

[Dementia--genetic aspects].

Several prevalent, sporadic neurodegenerative disorders also occur as rare inherited variants. Mapping of the genes involved in rare variants of the disorders has contributed to elucidating pathogenetic pathways for several dementia disorders, and the increased knowledge creates a possibility for development of new molecular genetic methods for diagnostics and for the treatment of the different types of dementia. Although inherited dementia disorders are generally rare, a genetic basis should always be considered when facing a patient with a recently clinically diagnosed dementia disorder.

[Lifestyle-related risk factors for dementia].

Emerging knowledge about modifiable risk factors for dementia has given rise to interventions that can potentially prevent or delay the onset of dementia and the possible target periods for intervention extend from prenatal period to old age. Factors during early life such as nutrition, education, and parental socioeconomic status can influence the development of dementia later in life. From mid to late life, a physically, socially, and intellectually active lifestyle is associated with reduced risk for dementia.