35,087 results match your criteria: "Neural Tube Defects"

Background: Mutations in genes encoding spliceosome components result in craniofacial structural defects in humans, referred to as spliceosomopathies. The SF3b complex is a crucial unit of the spliceosome, but model organisms generated through genetic modification of the complex do not perfectly mimic the phenotype of spliceosomopathies. Since the phenotypes are suggested to be determined by the extent of spliceosome dysfunction, an alternative experimental system that can seamlessly control SF3b function is needed.

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Remnants of right venous valve in utero and early postnatal life. Case report and literature review.

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol

December 2024

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.

During fetal life the right valve of the sinus venosus directs oxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava to the left atrium through the foramen ovale, until the regression of the right valve which usually occurs within the 15th week of pregnancy. Incomplete regression of the right venous valve in varying degrees can lead to different types of remnants such as the Eustachian valve, the Chiari Network and Cor Triatriatum Dexter. Prenatal diagnosis of remnants of right venous valve has only rarely been reported in the literature.

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Temporal trends in the prevalence of major birth defects in China: a nationwide population-based study from 2007 to 2021.

World J Pediatr

November 2024

National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.

Background: Birth defects constitute a significant public health issue worldwide, yet there is a lack of comprehensive population-based data for the Chinese population.

Methods: We analyzed data from the China National Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance System from 2007 to 2021, we calculated the prevalence rates of selected birth defects, stratified by maternal residence, geographic region, maternal age, and infant sex. The Joinpoint regression model was utilized to assess trends and annual percent changes in prevalence.

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In 2022, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) conducted a dietary cumulative risk assessment for active substances of plant protection products on two types of craniofacial alterations: 1) craniofacial alterations due to abnormal skeletal development and 2) head soft tissue alterations and brain neural tube defects. These effects were selected based on developmental biology knowledge and a hypothetical teratogenic process. Cumulative risk assessment was conducted for 14 European populations of women in childbearing age.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A total of 200 MMC cases were analyzed, showing that fetoscopic surgeries had longer median gestational ages at delivery and a significant percentage of vaginal births without major complications like uterine rupture.
  • * At the 30-month mark, children who underwent fetal interventions were more likely to be able to walk independently, and fewer required surgeries for complications such as tethered cord syndrome or spinal cysts compared to those who had postnatal repairs.
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Brain development is a very complex process that starts within first 20 days of gestation. By the third week, prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain) appear. Failure of brain development can occur at any level.

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The clinical experience of fetoscopic repair of myelomeningocele in Taiwan: The dilemma in prenatal decision-making and first successful case.

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol

November 2024

Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Institute for Women's Health University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a severe form of spina bifida prevalent in Taiwan, and many pregnant women choose to terminate pregnancies rather than consider fetal surgery options.
  • A study conducted from 2020 to 2023 involved 15 cases of MMC, but only one family opted for the successful fetoscopic repair; the majority chose termination due to concerns about disabilities and other factors.
  • Despite the successful outcome for the single case that underwent surgery, the high termination rate reflects a need for better education and awareness about fetal surgery options in Asian communities.
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  • This study investigates the effects of maldevelopment of the posterior corpus callosum on auditory processing in individuals with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM), particularly focusing on interhemispheric temporal tract integrity and auditory transfer through dichotic listening tasks.
  • Researchers utilized advanced imaging techniques on 46 SBM subjects and 15 typical controls to assess white matter connections and performance on auditory tasks.
  • Findings indicate a disruption in auditory processing in SBM patients, especially those with significant posterior corpus callosum damage, highlighting the importance of interhemispheric communication for auditory function.
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  • The study aimed to identify genetic markers associated with spina bifida in Indian patients by conducting whole-exome sequencing on three different cases.
  • The analysis revealed multiple pathogenic variants linked to spina bifida, including MTRR, CC2D2A, and ZIC2, while novel markers common to all patients were also identified.
  • Results indicate that the genetic landscape of spina bifida in Indians shows notable diversity compared to studies from other regions, contributing to a new catalog of variants relevant to the condition.
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  • Ethiopia has a high prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs), largely due to folate insufficiency among women of reproductive age, prompting a study on fortifying iodized salt with folic acid as a potential solution.
  • The study will involve 360 non-pregnant women aged 18-49, randomly assigned to receive iodized salt fortified with either 30 ppm or 90 ppm of folic acid, or regular iodized salt, over a 26-week period to assess its acceptability and impact on nutritional status.
  • Outcomes will include monitoring women's consumption of the salts, changes in biomarker levels for folate and iodine, and any adverse events, with results analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the fortification strategy
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Neglected Case of Cervical Meningocele in an Adult.

Turk Neurosurg

November 2024

Medical Park Ankara Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Türkiye.

Neural tube defects (NTD), caused by a disturbance in the neurulation process, are easily diagnosed and treated in the early years of life. Although early repair of NTD is advocated, there is lacking information on its natural course. There are only 11 cases, including this one, reported in literature of a cervical meningocele diagnosed and treated in an adult.

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Aim: To examine the morphological properties of the cranial aperture of the optic canal (CAOC) in patients with a Chiari type-I malformation (CIM).

Material And Methods: Radiological images of 40 patients with CIM (24 females/16 males, mean age: 20.75 ± 14.

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Objective: Lateral skull base defects (LSBD) pose a diagnostic challenge; however, early recognition and treatment are important to avoid sequelae. This study examines the impact of health care disparities associated with time to diagnosis and treatment for patients with LSBD.

Study Design, Setting, Patients, Intervention, Outcome Measures: Multi-institutional retrospective cohort study at four U.

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Double the Diagnosis: A Case Report of Dizygotic Twins With Meningomyelocele.

Cureus

September 2024

Neurosurgery, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA.

The formation of neural tube defects, such as a meningomyelocele, is often sporadic and more common in monozygotic twin gestations but can be associated with folic acid deficiency and rarely occurs in dizygotic twins. In this case report, we present dizygotic twins born in the United States with meningomyeloceles. In addition, their neural tube defects were complicated by hydrocephalus and decreased muscle tone and movement in the lower extremities.

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Background Folate, a vitamin B9, can be sourced naturally in the diet or the form of supplements. Studies highlight the prevention of neural tube abnormalities in women of reproductive age. To prevent these, low daily doses of FA (400-800 μg) are recommended for all women planning pregnancy, with higher doses for those with previous NTD-affected pregnancies.

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Introduction: Congenital anomalies are one of the major causes of the global burden of diseases, and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected. This review assesses the prenatal and postnatal screening methods and compares the prevalence of major congenital anomalies in LMICs.

Methodology: We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane databases of systematic reviews, clinical trials.

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Introduction: The transition from paediatric to adult medical care is a critical period for adolescents with spina bifida, often marked by deteriorating health and functional status.

Objectives: To describe the health status and functioning of individuals with spina bifida at the time of transition from paediatric to adult care and to identify risk profiles for potentially modifiable secondary health conditions (urinary tract infections, pressure injuries, respiratory problems and obesity).

Methods: Descriptive study of data (derived from medical records) from all adolescents and young adults with spina bifida aged 15-25 years who were referred to a single specialised spinal cord injury centre as part of the transition programme during the period from 1 September 2015 to 31 May 2022.

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Background/objectives: Knobloch syndrome 1 (KS) is an autosomal recessive inherited ocular syndrome characterized by a combination of high myopia, vitreoretinal degeneration, and occipital encephalocele. KS is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the gene. Diagnosing KS can be challenging due to its clinical heterogeneity and the rarity of the syndrome.

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New functions of B9D2 in tight junctions and epithelial polarity.

Sci Rep

October 2024

Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, physiopathogenèse et traitement des maladies du foie, 94800, Villejuif, France.

Ciliopathies are a diverse group of disorders resulting from abnormalities in the development or function of multiple organs. While significant research has clarified the role of the primary cilium in transducing numerous signalling pathways, elucidating causes of neuronal and skeletal development disorders, the origins of other ciliopathy-related conditions, such as hepatic fibrocystic diseases, remain elusive. Additionally, attempts to correlate specific ciliary proteins with distinct phenotypes have been largely unsuccessful due to the variable and overlapping symptoms of ciliopathies.

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(1) Background: Neural tube defects are a prevalent cause of congenital malformations, myelomeningocele (MMC) being the most severe form. This study evaluates the clinical outcome and postoperative-associated complications following MMC surgical closures, focusing on the following three techniques: direct suture (DS); VY advancement flap (VYF); and Limberg flap (LF). (2) Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2023, and the inclusion criteria were newborns who underwent lumbosacral MMC within 24 h of birth.

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Article Synopsis
  • Planar cell polarity (PCP) is crucial for proper embryonic development and functions, with disturbances leading to issues like neural tube defects and hair follicle misalignment.
  • The study explores how PCP is established and maintained, highlighting the roles of both global tissue-level gradients and local protein distribution, which have been previously under-examined.
  • A minimal model was created that shows PCP can develop without a gradient, but having one enhances stability and resilience against random fluctuations, while simultaneously explaining observed patterns using just three key parameters.
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Context: Tethered cord syndrome is associated with motor and sensory deficits.

Objective: Our objective was to summarize evidence regarding the diagnosis, prophylactic surgery, symptomatic treatment, and repeat surgery of tethered spinal cord in a systematic review (CRD42023461296).

Data Sources And Study Selection: We searched 13 databases, reference-mined reviews, and contacted authors to identify diagnostic accuracy studies and treatment studies published until March 2024.

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Article Synopsis
  • Genetic and environmental factors contribute to neural tube defects (NTD), notably influenced by the presence of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (SR-B1) in mouse embryos, where its absence leads to high rates of exencephaly that can be prevented with vitamin E.
  • In the study, female mice with SR-B1 were given a high-fat/high-sugar diet to examine its impact on vitamin E levels and oxidative stress in both the mothers and their embryos, along with the incidence of NTD.
  • Results showed that the HFHS diet caused metabolic changes and increased NTD rates in embryos, but vitamin E supplementation successfully reduced oxidative stress and improved lipid management in the developing embryos, preventing malformations entirely.
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