983 results match your criteria: "Netherlands Buitelaar; and the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre[Affiliation]"

The excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis posits that imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) mechanisms underlies the behavioral characteristics of autism. However, how E/I imbalance arises and how it may differ across autism symptomatology and brain regions is not well understood. We used innovative analysis methods-combining competitive gene-set analysis and gene-expression profiles in relation to cortical thickness (CT) to investigate relationships between genetic variance, brain structure and autism symptomatology of participants from the AIMS-2-TRIALS LEAP cohort (autism = 359, male/female = 258/101; neurotypical control participants = 279, male/female = 178/101) aged 6-30 years.

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Tourette's disorder (TD) is a highly heritable childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder and is caused by a complex interplay of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder remain largely elusive. In this study, we used the available omics data to compile a list of TD candidate genes, and we subsequently conducted tissue/cell type specificity and functional enrichment analyses of this list.

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Patterns of connectome variability in autism across five functional activation tasks: findings from the LEAP project.

Mol Autism

December 2022

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Article Synopsis
  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by diverse behavioral, cognitive, and neural patterns among individuals, and this study aimed to analyze neural diversity through fMRI while participants engaged in various cognitive tasks.
  • The research utilized data from the Longitudinal European Autism Project with 282 individuals with autism and 221 typically developing controls, employing innovative methods to connect brain function with behavioral outcomes.
  • Results indicated that individuals with autism exhibit significant deviations in functional brain connectivity compared to controls, particularly originating from areas like the prefrontal cortex, suggesting a consistent yet atypical way of engaging with tasks across different conditions.
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Background: Although the importance of early detection and early intervention of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is widely recognized, multiple barriers exist in accessing early intervention services. As an alternative to these barriers, the SCOPE project presents a new, easy accessible and blended intervention called BEAR (Blended E-health for children at eArly Risk). This paper describes this BEAR intervention and study design of an ongoing two arm cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT).

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The Link Between Autism and Sex-Related Neuroanatomy, and Associated Cognition and Gene Expression.

Am J Psychiatry

January 2023

Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Floris, Mennes, Llera, van Rooij, Oldehinkel, Forde, Marquand, Buitelaar, Beckmann); Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (Peng, Gong, Beckmann), and Visual Geometry Group (Peng), University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Warrier, Tsompanidis, Holt, Lai, Baron-Cohen); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences (Pretzsch, Ecker, Dell'Acqua, Loth, Murphy), Department of Psychology (Charman), Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment (Dell'Acqua, Loth, Murphy), and Department of Neuroimaging (Marquand), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London; Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unity, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris (Moreau, Bourgeron); Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (Tillmann); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Banaschewski) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Moessnang), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Applied Psychology, SRH University, Heidelberg, Germany (Moessnang); Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Durston); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Ecker); Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health and Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Lai); Department of Psychiatry and Autism Research Unit, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Lai); Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Lai); Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei (Lai); Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar).

Objective: The male preponderance in prevalence of autism is among the most pronounced sex ratios across neurodevelopmental conditions. The authors sought to elucidate the relationship between autism and typical sex-differential neuroanatomy, cognition, and related gene expression.

Methods: Using a novel deep learning framework trained to predict biological sex based on T-weighted structural brain images, the authors compared sex prediction model performance across neurotypical and autistic males and females.

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Clinicians' Adherence to Guidelines When Initiating Methylphenidate Treatment.

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol

November 2022

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Between 2008 and 2012, the number of children and adolescents in the Netherlands who received methylphenidate prescriptions increased by 35.6%. We determined guideline adherence regarding the assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and rates of off-label use in those 2 years.

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Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly conceptualized as overlapping spectra sharing multi-level neurobiological alterations. However, whether transdiagnostic cortical alterations covary in a biologically meaningful way is currently unknown. Here, we studied co-alteration networks across six neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, reflecting pathological structural covariance.

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Facial expression recognition is linked to clinical and neurofunctional differences in autism.

Mol Autism

November 2022

Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Background: Difficulties in social communication are a defining clinical feature of autism. However, the underlying neurobiological heterogeneity has impeded targeted therapies and requires new approaches to identifying clinically relevant bio-behavioural subgroups. In the largest autism cohort to date, we comprehensively examined difficulties in facial expression recognition, a key process in social communication, as a bio-behavioural stratification biomarker, and validated them against clinical features and neurofunctional responses.

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From mechanisms to markers: novel noninvasive EEG proxy markers of the neural excitation and inhibition system in humans.

Transl Psychiatry

November 2022

Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Brain function is a product of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) brain activity. Variation in the regulation of this activity is thought to give rise to normal variation in human traits, and disruptions are thought to potentially underlie a spectrum of neuropsychiatric conditions (e.g.

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Author reply - Letter to the Editor "Antidepressant use, chronic inflammatory comorbidities and behavioral disinhibition".

Brain Behav Immun

January 2023

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 EN, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GC, the Netherlands.

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Factors Related to Perceived Stigma in Parents of Children and Adolescents in Outpatient Mental Healthcare.

Int J Environ Res Public Health

October 2022

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9723 HE Groningen, The Netherlands.

Little is known about factors contributing to perceived stigma in parents of children and adolescents with behavioral and emotional problems in outpatient mental healthcare. We aimed to identify the most relevant factors related to perceived parental stigma using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression including a broad range of factors across six domains: (1) child characteristics, (2) characteristics of the primary parent, (3) parenting and family characteristics, (4) treatment-related characteristics, (5) sociodemographic characteristics, and (6) social-environmental characteristics. We adapted the Parents' Perceived Stigma of Service Seeking scale to measure perceived public stigma and affiliate stigma in 312 parents (87.

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Young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are now being treated with psychostimulant medication for longer than was previously the case and are increasingly likely to remain on methylphenidate into adolescence and adulthood. This study was designed to determine whether the long-term use of methylphenidate (MPH, immediate release or extended release) increases blood pressure and left ventricular mass (LVM) identified by echocardiography in adolescents and young adults with ADHD aged 12-25 years. In a five-site cross-sectional design two groups were compared for 24- hour blood pressure and heart rate (HR) registrations and LVM: 1) adolescents and young adults with ADHD who had been treated with MPH for > 2 years (N=162, age mean (SD) 15.

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Structural brain morphometry as classifier and predictor of ADHD and reward-related comorbidities.

Front Psychiatry

September 2022

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, and around two-thirds of affected children report persisting problems in adulthood. This negative trajectory is associated with high comorbidity with disorders like obesity, depression, or substance use disorder (SUD). Decreases in cortical volume and thickness have also been reported in depression, SUD, and obesity, but it is unclear whether structural brain alterations represent unique disorder-specific profiles.

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Multiscale neural gradients reflect transdiagnostic effects of major psychiatric conditions on cortical morphology.

Commun Biol

September 2022

McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

It is increasingly recognized that multiple psychiatric conditions are underpinned by shared neural pathways, affecting similar brain systems. Here, we carried out a multiscale neural contextualization of shared alterations of cortical morphology across six major psychiatric conditions (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Our framework cross-referenced shared morphological anomalies with respect to cortical myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture, as well as connectome and neurotransmitter organization.

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Cerebellar Atypicalities in Autism?

Biol Psychiatry

October 2022

Department of Translational Neuro-Psychiatry, Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Créteil, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette.

Background: The cerebellum contains more than 50% of the brain's neurons and is involved in social cognition. Cerebellar anatomical atypicalities have repeatedly been reported in individuals with autism. However, studies have yielded inconsistent findings, likely because of a lack of statistical power, and did not capture the clinical and neuroanatomical diversity of autism.

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Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression.

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

December 2023

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Youth with disruptive behavior showing high callous-unemotional (CU) traits and proactive aggression are often assumed to exhibit distinct impairments in emotion recognition from those showing mainly reactive aggression. Yet, reactive and proactive aggression and CU traits may co-occur to varying degrees across individuals. We aimed to investigate emotion recognition in more homogeneous clusters based on these three dimensions.

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In the last two decades, there has been a growing body of research that identified sex-related differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our objective was to quantify whether these sex differences are based on altered functional brain connectivity profiles. In addition, we investigated whether the presence of comorbid disorders, including depression, substance use disorder (SUD) and overweight, influenced these sex differences.

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Memantine as treatment for compulsivity in child and adolescent psychiatry: Descriptive findings from an incompleted randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Contemp Clin Trials Commun

October 2022

Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are mental disorders with a considerable overlap in terms of their defining symptoms. The glutamatergic agent memantine appears to be a promising candidate for the treatment of ASD and OCD in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy and tolerability/safety of memantine in this population.

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Autism Is Associated With Interindividual Variations of Gray and White Matter Morphology.

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging

November 2023

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Background: Although many studies have explored atypicalities in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) morphology of autism, most of them relied on unimodal analyses that did not benefit from the likelihood that different imaging modalities may reflect common neurobiology. We aimed to establish brain patterns of modalities that differentiate between individuals with and without autism and explore associations between these brain patterns and clinical measures in the autism group.

Methods: We studied 183 individuals with autism and 157 nonautistic individuals (age range, 6-30 years) in a large, deeply phenotyped autism dataset (EU-AIMS LEAP [European Autism Interventions-A Multicentre Study for Developing New Medications Longitudinal European Autism Project]).

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Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics, and high-comorbidity rates with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), major depressive disorder (MDD), and anxiety disorders (AXDs) are among the most prevalent TS comorbidities. To date, studies on TS brain structure and function have been limited in size with efforts mostly fragmented.

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Network modeling of the social, communication and restrictive/repetitive behaviors (RRBs) included in the definition of Autism Spectrum Disorder was performed. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) assessed behaviors in 139 pre-school cases at two cross-sections that averaged 34.8 months apart.

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Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium.

J Affect Disord

December 2022

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Background: Widely used psychotropic medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may change the volumes of subcortical brain structures, and differently in children vs. adults. We measured subcortical volumes cross-sectionally in patients finely stratified for age taking various common classes of OCD drugs.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication and varying individual characteristics, making targeted treatments essential.
  • - A study involving 436 individuals analyzed neural responses to faces and found that children and adults with ASD had slower early brain activity (N170 latency) compared to those without ASD, which correlated with social functioning and prognosis.
  • - Findings suggest that measuring N170 latency can effectively stratify different subgroups within ASD, offering potential for improved personalized treatment approaches based on biological and social outcome predictions.
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An increasing number of large-scale multi-modal research initiatives has been conducted in the typically developing population, e.g. Dev.

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Background: Studying the neural processing of faces can illuminate the mechanisms of compromised social expertise in autism. To resolve a longstanding debate, we examined whether differences in configural face processing in autism are underpinned by quantitative differences in the activation of typical face processing pathways, or the recruitment of non-typical neural systems.

Methods: We investigated spatial and temporal characteristics of event-related EEG responses to upright and inverted faces in a large sample of children, adolescents, and adults with and without autism.

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