Fluoroquinolone-specific resistance trajectories in E. coli and their dependence on the SOS-response.

Background: Fluoroquinolones are indispensable antibiotics used in treating bacterial infections in both human and veterinary medicine. However, resistance to these drugs presents a growing challenge. The SOS response, a DNA repair pathway activated by DNA damage, is known to influence resistance development, yet its role in fluoroquinolone resistance is not fully understood.

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): A Systematic Review and Post-hoc Analysis.

Background And Objective: N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is currently being studied for its therapeutic potential in various psychiatric disorders. An understanding of its pharmacokinetics (PK) is essential to determine appropriate dose ranges in future clinical studies. We conducted a systematic literature review on the PK of DMT.

Autoradiography of Intracerebral Tumours in the Chick Embryo Model: A Feasibility Study Using Different PET Tracers.

Purpose: In addition to rodent models, the chick embryo model has gained attention for radiotracer evaluation. Previous studies have investigated tumours on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), but its value for radiotracer imaging of intracerebral tumours has yet to be demonstrated.

Procedures: Human U87 glioblastoma cells and U87-IDH1 mutant glioma cells were implanted into the brains of chick embryos at developmental day 5.

High CDC20 levels increase sensitivity of cancer cells to MPS1 inhibitors.

Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibitors are a recently developed class of drugs, which perturb chromosome segregation during cell division, induce chromosomal instability (CIN), and eventually lead to cell death. The molecular features that determine cellular sensitivity to these drugs are not fully understood. We recently reported that aneuploid cancer cells are preferentially sensitive to SAC inhibition.

Current applications and challenges in large language models for patient care: a systematic review.

Background: The introduction of large language models (LLMs) into clinical practice promises to improve patient education and empowerment, thereby personalizing medical care and broadening access to medical knowledge. Despite the popularity of LLMs, there is a significant gap in systematized information on their use in patient care. Therefore, this systematic review aims to synthesize current applications and limitations of LLMs in patient care.

Feasibility of an < 24 h discharge pathway with tele-monitoring after elective colectomies: a pilot study.

Introduction: Implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery principles has led to exploration of ambulatory pathways in surgery, including gastrointestinal surgery. However, implementation of ambulatory pathways after colorectal surgery has not been established yet. Previous studies suggest that discharge within 24 h in colorectal surgery is only possible with a clear protocol and careful patient selection.

Interactive and unimodal relationships between plant biomass, abiotic factors, and plant diversity in global grasslands.

Grasslands cover approximately a third of the Earth's land surface and account for about a third of terrestrial carbon storage. Yet, we lack strong predictive models of grassland plant biomass, the primary source of carbon in grasslands. This lack of predictive ability may arise from the assumption of linear relationships between plant biomass and the environment and an underestimation of interactions of environmental variables.

Neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy in early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) primary breast cancer (BC) have low pathological complete response (pCR) rates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A subset of ER+/HER2- BC contains dense lymphocytic infiltration. We hypothesized that addition of an anti-programmed death 1 agent may increase pCR rates in this BC subtype.

Tumour growth rate and invasive interval cancer characteristics in a UK breast cancer screening population.

Objectives: To estimate tumour volume doubling time (TVDT) of interval cancers (ICs).

Methods: Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed prior screening and diagnostic mammograms and measured mean diameter on "visible" ICs. Univariate analyses of clinicopathological variables (ER, HER2, grade, age at diagnosis, and breast density) were undertaken, and those with p < 0.

Preclinical assessment of splicing modulation therapy for ABCA4 variant c.768G>T in Stargardt disease.

Background: Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) is a progressive retinal disorder caused by bi-allelic variants in the ABCA4 gene. A recurrent variant at the exon-intron junction of exon 6, c.768G>T, causes a 35-nt elongation of exon 6 that leads to premature termination of protein synthesis.

Measurements of groundwater, hydrodynamics, and sand characteristics at a dissipative sea turtle nesting beach.

Beach groundwater and nearshore hydrodynamic data were collected during a field experiment along two dissipative beach transects on Galveston Island, Texas, in the fall of 2023. The monitored beaches serve as nesting habitat for the critically endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle. Conditions ranged from calm to stormy, with two storms occurring during the experiment, inundating the entire beach up to the dune toe.

Noise amplification and ill-convergence of Richardson-Lucy deconvolution.

Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution optimizes the likelihood of the object estimate for an incoherent imaging system. It can offer an increase in contrast, but converges poorly, and shows enhancement of noise as the iteration progresses. We have discovered the underlying reason for this problematic convergence behaviour using a Cramér Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) analysis.

Pharmacodynamics of interspecies interactions in polymicrobial infections.

The pharmacodynamic response of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics can be influenced by interactions with other bacterial species in polymicrobial infections (PMIs). Understanding the complex eco-evolutionary dynamics of PMIs and their impact on antimicrobial treatment response represents a step towards developing improved treatment strategies for PMIs. Here, we investigated how interspecies interactions in a multi-species bacterial community affect the pharmacodynamic response to antimicrobial treatment.

Declining precipitation frequency may drive earlier leaf senescence by intensifying drought stress and enhancing drought acclimation.

Precipitation is an important factor influencing the date of foliar senescence, which in turn affects carbon uptake of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the temporal patterns of precipitation frequency and its impact on foliar senescence date remain largely unknown. Using both long-term carbon flux data and satellite observations across the Northern Hemisphere, we show that, after excluding impacts from of temperature, radiation and total precipitation by partial correlation analysis, declining precipitation frequency may drive earlier foliar senescence date from 1982 to 2022.

TRAF2 and RIPK1 redundantly mediate classical NFκB signaling by TNFR1 and CD95-type death receptors.

This study suggests a modified model of TNFR1-induced complex I-mediated NFκB signaling. Evaluation of a panel of five tumor cell lines (HCT116-PIK3CAmut, SK-MEL-23, HeLa-RIPK3, HT29, D10) with TRAF2 knockout revealed in two cell lines (HT29, HeLa-RIPK3) a sensitizing effect for death receptor-induced necroptosis and in one cell line (D10) a mild sensitization for TNFR1-induced apoptosis. TRAF2 deficiency inhibited death receptor-induced classical NFκB-mediated production of IL-8 only in a subset of cell lines and only partly.

Time to HIV viral rebound and frequency of post-treatment control after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy: an individual data-based meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies.

The only current strategy to test efficacy of novel interventions for sustained HIV control without antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) is through an analytical treatment interruption (ATI). Inclusion of 'placebo' controls in ATIs poses ethical, logistical, and economic challenges. To understand viral dynamics and rates of post-treatment control (PTC) after ATI among PWH receiving either placebo or no intervention, we undertook an individual-participant data meta-analysis.

Creating codes of ethics for public health professionals and institutions.

Background: The World Health Organization and the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region called for the professionalization of the public health workforce, including the creation of codes of ethics. In this article, the Public Health Ethics and Law Network provides guidance on creating such codes, based on values and principles commonly identified for public health.

Methods: Our interest was in codes addressing public health broadly rather than disciplines within public health.

Diagnostic accuracy of 99Tc-HDP SPECT/CT and MRI for foot and ankle osteoarthritis (ProSPECT-trial): Study protocol.

Background: Accurate localisation of symptomatic osteoarthritic (OA) lesions in the midfoot, hindfoot and ankle remains challenging due to their complex anatomy. Conventional radiographs have limitations in complex areas or overlapping structures. SPECT/CT has shown promising results in detecting symptomatic OA lesions, yet its superiority over MRI, the current standard for soft tissue pathology, remains uncertain.

Mother-infant stress contagion? Effects of an acute maternal stressor on maternal caregiving behavior and infant cortisol and crying.

Background: Postpartum maternal distress has been associated with adverse infant outcomes. A potential pathway of how maternal distress affects infant outcomes could be alterations in maternal caregiving behavior. However, the associations between maternal distress, caregiving behavior, and infant outcomes have never been tested in a controlled experiment.

Comparative image quality and dosimetric performance of two generations of dedicated breast CT systems.

Background: Dedicated breast computed tomography (bCT) systems offer detailed imaging for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. As new bCT generations are developed, it is important to evaluate their imaging performance and dose efficiency to understand differences over previous models.

Purpose: To characterize the imaging performance and dose efficiency of a second-generation (GEN2) bCT system and compare them to those of a first-generation (GEN1) system.

Development and internal validation of a diagnostic prediction model for life-threatening events in callers with shortness of breath: a cross-sectional study in out-of-hours primary care.

Aim: To develop and internally validate a model predicting life-threatening events for out-of-hours primary care callers with shortness of breath.

Method: This cross-sectional study includes data from 1,952 patients with shortness of breath who called out-of-hours primary care between September 2020 and August 2021. Four logistic regression models were developed with life-threatening events as the outcome.