Audiovisual Breathing Guidance for Improved Image Quality and Scan Efficiency of T2- and Diffusion-Weighted Liver MRI.

Objectives: Impaired image quality and long scan times frequently occur in respiratory-triggered sequences in liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated the impact of an in-bore active breathing guidance (BG) application on image quality and scan time of respiratory-triggered T2-weighted (T2) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) by comparing sequences with standard triggering (T2S and DWIS) and with BG (T2BG and DWIBG).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, random patients with clinical indications for liver MRI underwent 3 T MRI with standard and BG acquisitions.

Increased clonal hematopoiesis in long-term survivors of pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation.

In pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients, transplanted donor cells may need to function far beyond normal human lifespan. Here, we investigated the risk of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in 144 pediatric long-term HCT survivors and 258 non-transplanted controls. CH was detected in 16% of HCT recipients and 8% of controls, at variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of 0.

Acute Pancreatitis: An Update of Evidence-Based Management and Recent Trends in Treatment Strategies.

Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal disease leading to hospitalisation. Recent advancements in its management have primarily focussed on the development of early phase medical interventions targeting inflammatory pathways, optimisation of supportive treatment (including fluid resuscitation, pain management and nutritional management), appropriate use of antibiotics, implementation of minimally invasive interventions for infected necrosis, and the necessity of follow-up for long-term complications. These advancements have significantly improved personalised management and overall outcomes of acute pancreatitis.

Addressing Water Scarcity to Achieve Climate Resilience and Human Health.

Water scarcity is projected to affect half of the world's population, gradually exacerbated by climate change. This article elaborates from a panel discussion at the 2023 United Nations Water Conference on Addressing Water Scarcity to Achieve Climate Resilience and Human Health. Understanding and addressing water scarcity goes beyond hydrological water balances to also include societal and economic measures.

Effect of Triheptanoin on Caudate Atrophy and Motor Scores in Patients With Early-Stage Huntington Disease: A Phase II Study.

Background And Objectives: Brain energy deficiency occurs at the early stage of Huntington disease (HD). Triheptanoin, a drug that targets the Krebs cycle, can restore a normal brain energetic profile in patients with HD. In this study, we aimed at assessing its efficacy on clinical and neuroimaging structural measures in HD.

NAB2::STAT6 Rearranged Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland with Sebaceous Differentiation: A Case Report.

Purpose: The NAB2::STAT6 fusion is predominantly associated with solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and is utilized in diagnosing SFTs through nuclear STAT6 protein overexpression. Recent studies expanded the phenotypic spectrum of NAB2::STAT6 rearranged neoplasms, including adamantinoma-like and teratocarcinosarcoma-like phenotypes. We report a case of a NAB2::STAT6 rearranged epithelial tumor exhibiting sebaceous differentiation in the parotid gland.

Effect of physical exercise on white matter microstructure in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial (PAM study).

Physical exercise is a promising intervention to improve brain white matter integrity. In the PAM study, exercise intervention effects on white matter integrity were investigated in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients with cognitive problems were randomized 2-4 years post-diagnosis to an exercise (n = 91) or control group (n = 90).

Importance of early use of tolvaptan in hyponatremic acutely decompensated heart failure patients, a retrospective study.

Background: Hyponatremia is one of the complicating findings in acute decompensated heart failure. Decrease in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure triggers activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, antidiuretic hormone, and norepinephrine due to the perceived hypovolemia. Fluid-overloaded heart failure patients are commonly treated with loop diuretics, acutely decompensated heart failure patients tend to be less responsive to conventional oral doses of a loop diuretic, while other different diuretics could work in different part of nephron circulation system.

Antiseizure Medications and Cardiovascular Events in Older People With Epilepsy in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Importance: How epilepsy may promote cardiovascular disease remains poorly understood.

Objective: To estimate the odds of new-onset cardiovascular events (CVEs) over 6 years in older people with vs without epilepsy, exploring how enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications (EIASMs) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors mediate these odds.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective cohort study using the comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), with 6 years of follow-up (2015-2021, analysis performed in December 2023).

TAK-925 (danavorexton), an Orexin Receptor 2 Agonist, Reduces Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression and Sedation Without Affecting Analgesia in Healthy Adult Males.

Background: Orexin neuropeptides help regulate sleep/wake states, respiration, and pain. However, their potential role in regulating breathing, particularly in perioperative settings, is not well understood. TAK-925 (danavorexton), a novel, orexin receptor 2-selective agonist, directly activates neurons associated with respiratory control in the brain and improves respiratory parameters in rodents undergoing fentanyl-induced sedation.

Risankizumab Efficacy and Safety Based on Prior Inadequate Response or Intolerance to Advanced Therapy: Post Hoc Analysis of the INSPIRE and COMMAND Phase 3 Studies.

Background And Aims: Treating ulcerative colitis (UC) in patients with prior advanced therapy (AT) exposure may be challenging. We report the efficacy and safety of risankizumab, a monoclonal interleukin 23p19 antibody, in patients with UC and prior inadequate response or intolerance to AT (AT-IR).

Methods: In the 12-week phase 3 INSPIRE induction study, patients were randomized to intravenous risankizumab 1200 mg or placebo.

Transcriptional dynamics during Heliothis zea nudivirus 1 infection in an ovarian cell line from .

Nudiviruses (family ) are double-stranded DNA viruses that infect various insects and crustaceans. Among them, Heliothis zea nudivirus 1 (HzNV-1) represents the rare case of a lepidopteran nudivirus inducing a sexual pathology. Studies about molecular pathological dynamics of HzNV-1 or other nudiviruses are scarce.

Preventing common mental health problems by increasing neighbourhood socioeconomic status: a mental health impact assessment in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) has been identified as a determinant of mental health. In this study, we aimed to quantify how many cases of common mental health problems could be prevented by increasing NSES in the most socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and how the increases in NSES would affect mental health inequalities. We used publicly available data for conducting a quantitative Health Impact Assessment (HIA) of two counterfactual policy scenarios.

Heart failure risk stratification using artificial intelligence applied to electrocardiogram images: a multinational study.

Background And Aims: Current heart failure (HF) risk stratification strategies require comprehensive clinical evaluation. In this study, artificial intelligence (AI) applied to electrocardiogram (ECG) images was examined as a strategy to predict HF risk.

Methods: Across multinational cohorts in the Yale New Haven Health System (YNHHS), UK Biobank (UKB), and Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), individuals without baseline HF were followed for the first HF hospitalization.

Pharmacodynamics of NOSO-502 studied in vitro and in vivo: determination of the dominant pharmacodynamic index driver.

Background: NOSO-5O2 is the first clinical candidate of a new antimicrobial class-the odilorhabdins. The pharmacodynamics of NOSO-502 were studied in vitro and in vivo to establish the pharmacodynamic index (PDI) driver.

Methods: A dilutional pharmacokinetic system was used for in vitro experiments.

Temporal Trends in Hippocampal Sclerosis Surgery: An Observational Study From a Tertiary Epilepsy Centre.

Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a surgically remediable syndrome. We determined temporal trends in the prevalence of hippocampal sclerosis surgeries and related factors.

Methods: We analysed a prospective cohort of adults who underwent epilepsy surgery at the NHNN, London, between 1990 and 2019.

Aerobic exercise therapy for chronic low back pain.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of aerobic exercise on pain, function, quality of life, psychological functioning, and adverse events, compared with placebo, sham treatment, attention control, or no treatment.

Draft genome sequence of BDSA strain isolated from ready-to-eat chicken product in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

We present the genome of BDSA isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat collected in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The genome displays the Listeria pathogenicity island 1 and virulence, stress response, and antimicrobial resistance genes. It was phylogenetically classified as ST7, and clustered with serotype 1/2a belonging to lineage II.

Identification of a circulating carbohydrate antigen as a highly specific and sensitive target for schistosomiasis serology.

Unlabelled: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 roadmap for schistosomiasis calls for development of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools to continue and sustain progress towards elimination. Serological assays are excellent for sensitive detection of primary schistosome infections and for schistosomiasis surveillance in near- and post-elimination settings. To develop accurate assay formats, it is necessary to identify defined antibody targets with low cross-reactivity and potential for standardized production.

The Influence of Electroencephalographic Density Spectral Array Guidance of Sevoflurane Administration on Recovery From General Anesthesia in Children. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: In children, monitoring depth of anesthesia is challenging because of the still developing brain. Electroencephalographic density spectral array monitoring provides age- and anesthetic drug-specific electroencephalographic patterns, making it suitable for use in children. Yet, not much is known about the benefits of using density spectral array on post-operative recovery in children.

The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Childhood Epilepsy.

Social determinants of health (SDHs) are significant and potentially modifiable drivers of neurologic diseases, including childhood epilepsy. Social determinants of health greatly influence the epidemiology, management, and outcomes associated with these conditions. Social determinants of health affect every aspect of a family's journey with epilepsy-from initial diagnosis to accessing effective treatments and ongoing care.

Maternal exercise before and during pregnancy protects against genotoxicity and promotes offspring hippocampal health in mice prenatally exposed to high fructose.

The fetal brain is susceptible to programming effects during pregnancy, potentially leading to long-term consequences for offspring's cognitive health. Fructose intake is thought to adversely affect fetal brain development, whereas physical exercise before and during pregnancy may be protective. Therefore, this study aimed to assess biochemical and genotoxic changes in maternal hippocampi and behavioral, genotoxic, and biochemical alterations in offspring hippocampi.

Apples and oranges: Conceptual review as task analysis method.

Conceptual review is a method to address issues of task comparability and task validity in cognitive neuroscience. Meta-analyses within cognitive neuroscience (CNS) as well as integration of neuroscientific findings with findings from adjacent disciplines both involve gathering studies that have purportedly investigated the same mental concept. After all, it is no use comparing apples and oranges.