Low dose endoluminal photodynamic therapy improves murine T cell-mediated colitis.

Background And Study Aims: Low dose photodynamic therapy (LDPDT) may modify the mucosal immune response and may thus provide a therapy for Crohn's disease. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of this technique in a murine T cell-mediated colitis model.

Methods: The safety of LDPDT was first tested in BALB/c mice.

Identification of the botanical origin of commercial pine nuts responsible for dysgeusia by gas-liquid chromatography analysis of Fatty Acid profile.

Over the last 10 years, complaints were increasingly reported from consumers that experienced dysgeusia following the consumption of pine nuts. In the present study, pine nuts samples (N = 16) from consumers that reported dysgeusia have been analyzed to identify the botanical origin of critical pine nuts samples. The fatty acid composition of the samples was performed, and diagnostic index values were used to identify the botanical origin of the samples.

Lycopene bioavailability and metabolism in humans: an accelerator mass spectrometry study.

Background: To our knowledge, there is no direct information on lycopene metabolism in humans.

Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify the long-term human bioavailability of lycopene in plasma and skin after a single dose of (14)C-lycopene and to profile the metabolites formed.

Design: We preselected 2 male subjects as lycopene absorbers and gave them an oral dose of 10 mg synthetic lycopene combined with ≈6 μg [6,6',7,7'-(14)C]lycopene (≈30,000 Bq; 92% trans lycopene).

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 on a nasal provocation test with grass pollen in allergic rhinitis.

Background: Probiotics have been associated with prevention and improvement of symptoms in atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis. However, few studies exist that document their efficacy for upper airways allergies such as allergic rhinitis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of short-term oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 on a nasal provocation test (NPT) with grass pollen.

On-line cleanup for 2-aminobenzamide-labeled oligosaccharides.

Analysis of 2-aminobenzamide-labeled oligosaccharides requires removal of excess labeling reagents before chromatography. Manual cleanup is time-consuming and not optimal for routine analysis, so an on-line solid-phase extraction was developed. Labeled oligosaccharides are trapped on an amide phase in a small guard column, the excess reagents are washed away, and then the sample is transferred to the analytical column for analysis.

Bifidobacterium lactis attenuates onset of inflammation in a murine model of colitis.

Aim: To assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) in an adoptive transfer model of colitis.

Methods: Donor and recipient mice received either B.

A whole-grain cereal-rich diet increases plasma betaine, and tends to decrease total and LDL-cholesterol compared with a refined-grain diet in healthy subjects.

Epidemiological studies have repeatedly found that whole-grain (WG) cereal foods reduce the risk of several lifestyle-related diseases, though consistent clinical outcomes and mechanisms are elusive. To compare the effects of a WG-rich diet with a matched refined-grain (RG) diet on plasma biomarkers and bowel health parameters, seventeen healthy subjects (eleven females and six males) completed an exploratory cross-over study with a 2-week intervention diet based on either WG- or RG-based foods, separated by a washout of at least 5 weeks. Both diets were the same except for the use of WG (150 g/d) or RG foods.

Lactose does not interfere with the analysis of sialic acids as their 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene derivatives.

In 2007, Martin et al. developed a method for the analysis of sialic acids by HPLC following 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) derivatisation (Martín et al., Anal Bioanal Chem 387:2943-2949, 2007).

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method extension to quantify simultaneously melamine and cyanuric acid in egg powder and soy protein in addition to milk products.

As a consequence of the adulteration of infant formulas and milk powders with melamine (MEL) in China in 2008, much attention has been devoted to the analysis of MEL [and cyanuric acid (CA)] in dairy products. Several methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), or Raman spectroscopy have been described in the literature. However, no method is available for the simultaneous determination of MEL and CA in other raw materials, which are considered as high-risk materials for economically motivated adulteration.

Potential role of the intestinal microbiota of the mother in neonatal immune education.

Mucosal dendritic cells are at the heart of decision-making processes that dictate immune reactivity to intestinal microbes. They ensure tolerance to commensal bacteria and a vigorous immune response to pathogens. It has recently been demonstrated that the former involves a limited migration of bacterially loaded dendritic cells from the Peyer's patches to the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Acetogenic fibers reduce fasting glucose turnover but not peripheral insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome patients.

Background & Aims: The acute ingestion of an acetogenic indigestible carbohydrate (lactulose) increased acetate turnover associated with decreased lipolysis (glycerol turnover) in insulin-resistant patients. It is not known whether a decreased lipolysis by chronic ingestion of acetogenic indigestible carbohydrates or fibers improves glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity.

Methods: Twenty-one men with metabolic syndrome ingested daily standardized drinks, with or without 28 g acetogenic fibers (acacia gum and pectin), for 5 weeks in a randomized double-blind crossover controlled study design.

Determination of sialic acids in milks and milk-based products.

Sialic acids are becoming recognized as important components of milk-based products for infants and young children. As such, many companies now label the sialic acid content of their products. To control the labeling, suitable methods are required for this analysis.

Structure, diffusion, and permeability of protein-stabilized monodispersed oil in water emulsions and their gels: a self-diffusion NMR study.

Self-diffusion NMR is used to investigate monodispersed oil in water emulsions and the subsequent gel formed by removing the water through evaporation. The radius of the oil droplets in the emulsions is measured using a number of diffusion methods based on the measurement of the mean squared displacement of the oil, water, and tracer molecules. The results are consistent with the known size of the emulsions.

Quantification of anthocyanins and flavonols in milk-based food products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The present article describes the development and validation of an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the comprehensive quantification of anthocyanin and flavonol constituents of milk-based food products. Protein precipitation by acidified methanol and ultrafiltration was utilized as sample preparation to preserve overall polyphenol composition but to eliminate milk proteins in order to comply with UPLC. Reversed-phase chromatography was optimized to achieve separation of 27 analytes in 10 min in order to reduce suppression effects, achieve a wide dynamic range, and most importantly, to resolve isomeric compounds.

Development and single-laboratory validation of a method for the determination of total fructans in infant formula.

A number of methods have previously been developed for the determination of fructans in food products, resulting in the frequently used AOAC Official Methods 997.08 and 999.03.

A low alpha-linolenic intake during early life increases adiposity in the adult guinea pig.

Background: The composition of dietary fatty acids (FA) during early life may impact adult adipose tissue (AT) development. We investigated the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) intake during the suckling/weaning period on AT development and metabolic markers in the guinea pig (GP).

Methods: Newborn GP were fed a 27%-fat diet (w/w %) with high (10%-ALA group), moderate (2.

Carbohydrate for weight and metabolic control: where do we stand?

Changes in lifestyle are considered to play an important role in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and improvements in diet and physical activity are the first-choice treatment for these metabolic diseases. Since the dietary recommendations of almost 40 y ago that fat should be decreased and that carbohydrate should be increased, recommendations for a healthy diet, except for minor amendments, have not changed that much. It is generally considered that caloric restriction is more important than changes in the macronutrient composition of the diet for weight loss and body weight control.

Application of the margin of exposure (MoE) approach to substances in food that are genotoxic and carcinogenic: EXAMPLE 12: Sudan I (CAS No. 842-07-9).

Sudan I is generally considered mutagenic based on various in vitro and in vivo tests and is carcinogenic in the rat. Dose-response modelling of the data for hepatocellular adenomas in male rats gave a BMDL(10) of 7.3mg/kg-bw/day.

Quantification of alkylresorcinols in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

Alkylresorcinols (AR) are of interest as biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake in epidemiological studies and are currently mainly measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after labour-intensive sample preparation including liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE) and chemical derivatization. This manuscript describes and validates an alternative approach based on normal-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of alkylresorcinols in human plasma. The method requires neither SPE nor chemical derivatization and has a shortened run time compared to GC/MS.

Quantitative measurement of betaine and free choline in plasma, cereals and cereal products by isotope dilution LC-MS/MS.

Betaine and choline are important components of the one-carbon metabolism cycle, linked with the amino acid homocysteine and lipid metabolism. Analyses of broad ranges of foods point to cereal based foods being important sources of betaine and choline, however to date there has been no detailed analysis of these compounds in cereal flours or cereal products. An analytical method based on optimization of an existing extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis was used to analyze 47 plasma samples, 32 cereal flours and cereal fractions, and 51 cereal products.

Isotopomics: a top-down systems biology approach for understanding dynamic metabolism in rats using [1,2-(13)C(2)] acetate.

Isotope labeled tracers are commonly used to quantify the turnover rates of various metabolic intermediates and yield information regarding physiological regulation. Studies often only consider either one nutritional state (fasted or fed) and/or one question (e.g.

Streamlined methods for the resolution and quantification of fatty acids including trans fatty acid isomers in food products by gas chromatography.

To support labeling, claims, and authenticity of food products, industry needs reliable methods for the analysis of fatty acids, including trans fatty acids (TFA). In finished products, precise quantification of TFA can be problematic due to the occurrence of various positional and geometrical isomers originating from different sources, such as animal fats or processed vegetable oils and fats. The risk of underestimating TFA amounts is particularly high when inappropriate GC conditions are used.

Online hydrogen/deuterium exchange performed in the ion mobility cell of a hybrid mass spectrometer.

The present paper describes the performance of online, gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange implemented in the ion mobility cell of a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Deuterium oxide and deuterated methanol were utilized to create deuterated vapor that is introduced into the ion mobility region of the mass spectrometer. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange occurs spontaneously in the milliseconds time frame without the need of switching the instrument into ion mobility mode.

Quantification of flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids in milk-based food products by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

This article reports the development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the comprehensive quantification of flavan-3-ol and phenolic acid constituents of milk-based food products. Isotope dilution-based sample preparation consisted of protein precipitation using acidic methanol enriched with the stable isotope labelled internal standards and ultrafiltration to preserve overall polyphenol composition, but to eliminate milk proteins in order to comply with LC. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was optimized to achieve separation of 22 analytes in 8 min in order to reduce suppression effects, achieve a wide dynamic range and, most importantly, to resolve isomeric compounds.