ChatGPT Generated Otorhinolaryngology Multiple-Choice Questions: Quality, Psychometric Properties, and Suitability for Assessments.

Objective: To explore Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer's (ChatGPT's) capability to create multiple-choice questions about otorhinolaryngology (ORL).

Study Design: Experimental question generation and exam simulation.

Setting: Tertiary academic center.

Spatial Distribution of Recurrence and Long-Term Toxicity Following Dose Escalation to the Dominant Intra-Prostatic Nodule for Intermediate-High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Insights from a Phase I/II Study.

We investigated spatial patterns between primary and recurrent tumor sites and assessed long-term toxicity after dose escalation stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the dominant intra-prostatic nodule (DIN). In 33 patients with intermediate-high-risk prostate cancer (PCa), doses up to 50 Gy were administered to the DIN. Recurrence sites were determined and compared to the original tumor development sites through multiparametric MRI and Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Ga-PSMA-PET/CT) images.

Dynamic 3D genome reorganization during senescence: defining cell states through chromatin.

Cellular senescence, a cell state characterized by growth arrest and insensitivity to growth stimulatory hormones, is accompanied by a massive change in chromatin organization. Senescence can be induced by a range of physiological signals and pathological stresses and was originally thought to be an irreversible state, implicated in normal development, wound healing, tumor suppression and aging. Recently cellular senescence was shown to be reversible in some cases, with exit being triggered by the modulation of the cell's transcriptional program by the four Yamanaka factors, the suppression of p53 or H3K9me3, PDK1, and/or depletion of AP-1.

Polymer Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Oxidized Tumor Lysate-Based Cancer Vaccines.

Cancer vaccination is a powerful strategy to combat cancer. A very attractive approach to prime the immune system against cancer cells involves the use of tumor lysate as antigen source. The immunogenicity of tumor lysate can be further enhanced by treatment with hypochlorous acid.

Malnutrition in Relation with Dietary, Geographical, and Socioeconomic Factors among Older Chinese.

Objective: Nutrition is closely related to the health of the elderly population. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the nutrition status of elderly Chinese and its related dietary, geographical, and socioeconomic factors.

Methods: A total of 13,987 ≥ 60-year-old persons from the 2010-2013 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey were included to evaluate various aspects of malnutrition, including underweight, overweight or obesity, and micronutrient inadequacy.

Frequency-Amplitude Cross Interaction during Pulsatile Taste Delivery Using Gustometers.

In this article, we numerically resolve the flow profiles of tastant concentration in the pipe of a gustometer used to deliver alternative pulses in concentration, which is a typical case of Taylor dispersion. Using this model, we can define the cases where the experimenter will deliver to the assessors a concentration profile which is significantly different from that intended. This can be simply assessed a priori using a scaling argument which involves calculating a dimensionless frequency.

Temperature Exerts Control of Emetic Toxin Production on Post-transcriptional Levels.

In recent years, the emetic toxin cereulide, produced by , has gained high relevance in food production and food safety. Cereulide is synthesized non-ribosomal by the multi-enzyme complex Ces-NRPS, which is encoded on a megaplasmid that shares its backbone with the pX01 toxin plasmid. Due to its resistance against heat, proteolysis and extreme pH conditions, the formation of this highly potent depsipeptide toxin is of serious concern in food processing procedures including slow cooling procedures and/or storage of intermediate products at ambient temperatures.

Perceptions of food intake and weight status among parents of picky eating infants and toddlers in China: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that children that are picky eaters may have a different and less varied diet than non-picky children, but the literature on picky eating in Chinese children is limited.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of picky eating in 6-35 month-old Chinese children, and to explore how parents' perceptions of picky eating relate to children's intake and body composition.

Methods: 1414 6-35 month-old infants and toddlers from 8 Chinese cities were included in this study.

Type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma features a unique genomic profile with highly recurrent SETD2 alterations.

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), a rare and aggressive intestinal malignancy of intraepithelial T lymphocytes, comprises two disease variants (EATL-I and EATL-II) differing in clinical characteristics and pathological features. Here we report findings derived from whole-exome sequencing of 15 EATL-II tumour-normal tissue pairs. The tumour suppressor gene SETD2 encoding a non-redundant H3K36-specific trimethyltransferase is altered in 14/15 cases (93%), mainly by loss-of-function mutations and/or loss of the corresponding locus (3p21.

Autologous tumor immunizing devascularization in cancer therapy.

Tumor vaccination depending on specific antigens, autologous tumor vaccination involving wide range of antigens, immunomodulating cytokines and bacterial agents have been studied extensively with the purpose of stimulating the antitumor immune response. Unfortunately these therapies showed disappointing results mainly due to undesirable mechanisms tending to dampen the antitumor immune response. We will discuss a novel approach of autologous tumor immunization using a surgical technique: autologous tumor immunizing devascularization (ATID).

Parenting Styles, Feeding Styles, Feeding Practices, and Weight Status in 4-12 Year-Old Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Childhood is a critical period in the development of obesity. Eating patterns established early in life track into later life. Therefore, parental approaches to feeding in their general parenting style, feeding styles, and specific feeding practices will have a profound impact on how children eat and grow.

Impact of boiling conditions on the molecular and sensory profile of a vegetable broth.

Low-pressure cooking has recently been identified as an alternative to ambient and high-pressure cooking to provide food with enhanced organoleptic properties. This work investigates the impact of the cooking process at different pressures on the molecular and sensory profile of a vegetable broth. Experimental results showed similar sensory and chemical profiles of vegetable broths when boiling at 0.

Dampened neural activity and abolition of epileptic-like activity in cortical slices by active ingredients of spices.

Active ingredients of spices (AIS) modulate neural response in the peripheral nervous system, mainly through interaction with TRP channel/receptors. The present study explores how different AIS modulate neural response in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of S1 neocortex. The AIS tested are agonists of TRPV1/3, TRPM8 or TRPA1.

Nutrition, population growth and disease: a short history of lactose.

Food and nutrition have played a crucial role in biological evolution. Lactation in mammals was one key invention. A central role in milk is played by lactose, otherwise an exotic sugar in nature.

A review of multidomain interventions to support healthy cognitive ageing.

Objective: The risk for cognitive decline and for developing Alzheimer's disease increases with age. The aetiology is assumed to be of multi-factorial origin, and treatment opportunities are lacking. Despite the multi-factorial origin, many intervention studies focused on single factors to influence cognitive health with inconsistent findings.

Dietary fat induces sustained reward response in the human brain without primary taste cortex discrimination.

To disentangle taste from reward responses in the human gustatory cortex, we combined high density electro-encephalography with a gustometer delivering tastant puffs to the tip of the tongue. Stimuli were pure tastants (salt solutions at two concentrations), caloric emulsions (two milk preparations identical in composition except for fat content) and a mixture of high fat milk with the lowest salt concentration. Early event-related potentials (ERPs) showed a dose-response effect for increased taste intensity, with higher amplitude and shorter latency for high compared to low salt concentration, but not for increased fat content.

Alterations in fecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in type 2 diabetic patients in Southern China population.

Background: The connection between gut microbiota and metabolism and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes are increasingly recognized. The objective of this study was to quantitatively measure Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, members of commensal bacteria found in human gut, in type 2 diabetic patients (T2D) patients from Southern China.

Methods: Fifty patients with T2D and thirty control individuals of similar body mass index (BMI) were recruited from Southern China.

Glycerol, an underestimated flavor precursor in the Maillard reaction.

The objective of the present work was to investigate in depth the role of glycerol in Maillard reactions and its potential to act as an active flavor precursor. Reactions using isotopically labeled compounds (various reducing sugars, proline, and glycerol) unambiguously demonstrated that, in addition to its role of solvent, glycerol actively contributes to the formation of proline-specific compounds in Maillard model systems. Additionally, rhamnose and fucose/proline/glycerol systems generated the 2-propionyl-1(3),4,5,6-tetrahydropyridines, known for their roasty, popcorn aroma.

Self-assembly of polar food lipids.

Polar lipids, such as monoglycerides and phospholipids, are amphiphilic molecules commonly used as processing and stabilization aids in the manufacturing of food products. As all amphiphilic molecules (surfactants, emulsifiers) they show self-assembly phenomena when added into water above a certain concentration (the critical aggregation concentration). The variety of self-assembly structures that can be formed by polar food lipids is as rich as it is for synthetic surfactants: micelles (normal and reverse micelles), microemulsions, and liquid crystalline phases can be formulated using food-grade ingredients.

The development of a high-density canine microarray.

DNA microarrays can give global transcriptional views of cellular responses to disease, development, nutrition, and other biological states. They can be used to elucidate biological networks, develop diagnostics, and identify genetic targets and molecular mechanisms. The technology is widely used and can be a valuable complement to more "disease-centric" focused arrays.

Biosensor-based determination of riboflavin in milk samples.

An assay for quantification of riboflavin (Rf) in milk-based products has been developed using the principle of surface plasmon resonance with on-chip measurement. The quantification was done indirectly by measuring excess of Rf binding protein (RBP) that remains free after complexation with Rf molecules originally present in the sample solution. The chip was modified with covalently immobilized Rf in order to bind the RBP in excess.