Urine kidney injury molecule-1 predicts subclinical kidney disease among persons living with HIV initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based ART in Zambia.

Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the life expectancy of persons living with HIV (PLWH), but not without potentially serious adverse effects. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) can cause nephrotoxicity, manifesting as acute kidney injury (AKI) that may persist after treatment discontinuation. Kidney injury biomarkers such as kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can aid early diagnosis and predict TDF-associated nephrotoxicity.

Eicosanoid-Regulated Myeloid ENaC and Isolevuglandin Formation in Human Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.

Background: The mechanisms by which salt increases blood pressure in people with salt sensitivity remain unclear. Our previous studies found that high sodium enters antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via the epithelial sodium channel and leads to the production of isolevuglandins and hypertension. In the current mechanistic clinical study, we hypothesized that epithelial sodium channel-dependent isolevuglandin-adduct formation in APCs is regulated by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and leads to salt-sensitive hypertension in humans.

Optimal management of HIV- positive adults at risk for kidney disease in Nigeria (Renal Risk Reduction "R3" Trial): protocol and study design.

Background: Individuals with two copies of the apolipoprotein-1 (APOL1) gene risk variants are at high risk (HR) for non-diabetic kidney disease. The presence of these risk variants is highest in West Africa, specifically in Nigeria. However, there is limited availability of dialysis and kidney transplantation in Nigeria, and most individuals will die soon after developing end-stage renal disease.