Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins.

Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric fever) are febrile bacterial illnesses common in many low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends treatment with azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone due to widespread resistance to older, first-line antimicrobials. Resistance patterns vary in different locations and are changing over time.

A Review of Medical Problems in Himalayan Porters.

Porters have accompanied trekkers and climbers to high altitude since the earliest expeditions in the Himalayas. As the existing body of knowledge on high-altitude medicine expands, the focus remains on trekkers or climbers. And published literature on medical problems in the large porter population remains sparse.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure at Sea Level and High Altitude in a Climber with a Kidney Transplant and Hypertension.

High altitude may increase blood pressure (BP) and the kidney plays an important role in acclimatization. Little is known about how transplanted kidneys respond to the hypoxic stress at high altitude. We compared 24 hour ambulatory BP in a climber with a kidney transplant and hypertension at sea level and at high altitude (2860-4300 m).

Reduced Acetazolamide Dosing in Countering Altitude Illness: A Comparison of 62.5 vs 125 mg (the RADICAL Trial).

Introduction: North American guidelines propose 125 mg acetazolamide twice daily as the recommended prophylactic dose to prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS). To our knowledge, a dose lower than 125 mg twice daily has not been studied.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, noninferiority trial of trekkers to Everest Base Camp in Nepal.

Reentry High Altitude Pulmonary Edema in the Himalayas.

Baniya, Santosh, Christopher Holden, and Buddha Basnyat. Reentry high altitude pulmonary edema in the Himalayas. High Alt Med Biol.

Relationship Between Occupational Physical Activity and Subclinical Vascular Damage in Moderate-Altitude Dwellers.

Unlabelled: Ujka, Kristian, Rosa Maria Bruno, Luca Bastiani, Eva Bernardi, Paolo Sdringola, Nenad Dikic, Bikash Basyal, Sanjeeb Sundarshan Bhandari, Buddha Basnyat, Annalisa Cogo, and Lorenza Pratali. Relationship between occupational physical activity and subclinical vascular damage in moderate-altitude dwellers. High Alt Med Biol.

Blood Pressure and Altitude: An Observational Cohort Study of Hypertensive and Nonhypertensive Himalayan Trekkers in Nepal.

Unlabelled: Keyes, Linda E., Thomas Douglas Sallade, Charles Duke, Jennifer Starling, Alison Sheets, Sushil Pant, David S. Young, David Twillman, Nirajan Regmi, Benoit Phelan, Purshotam Paudel, Matthew McElwee, Luke Mather, Devlin Cole, Theodore McConnell, and Buddha Basnyat.

Impact of a Newly Constructed Motor Vehicle Road on Altitude Illness in the Nepal Himalayas.

Objective: This study investigated the impact that motor vehicle travel along a newly constructed road has on altitude illness (including acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, and high-altitude pulmonary edema). The new road from Besisahar (760 m) to Manang (3540 m) in Nepal was completed in December 2014.

Methods: We enrolled all patients diagnosed with altitude illness at the Himalayan Rescue Association Manang clinic in fall 2016.

Retinal Hemorrhage in a High-Altitude Aid Post Volunteer Doctor: A Case Report.

Bhandari, Sanjeeb Sudarshan, Pranawa Koirala, Nirajan Regmi, and Sushil Pant. Retinal hemorrhage in a high-altitude aid post volunteer doctor: a case report. High Alt Med Biol.

Breathlessness at High Altitude: First Episode of Bronchoconstriction in an Otherwise Healthy Sojourner.

Bhandari, Sanjeeb Sudarshan, Pranawa Koirala, Sadichhya Lohani, Pratibha Phuyal, and Buddha Basnyat. Breathlessness at high altitude: first episode of bronchoconstriction in an otherwise healthy sojourner. High Alt Med Biol.

Drug Use and Misuse in the Mountains: A UIAA MedCom Consensus Guide for Medical Professionals.

Unlabelled: Donegani, Enrico, Peter Paal, Thomas Küpper, Urs Hefti, Buddha Basnyat, Anna Carceller, Pierre Bouzat, Rianne van der Spek, and David Hillebrandt. Drug use and misuse in the mountains: a UIAA MedCom consensus guide for medical professionals. High Alt Med Biol.

Infectious Diseases at High Altitude.

Travel to elevations above 2,500 m is an increasingly common activity undertaken by a diverse population of individuals. These may be trekkers, climbers, miners in high-altitude sites in South America, and more recently, soldiers deployed for high-altitude duty in remote areas of the world. What is also being increasingly recognized is the plight of the millions of pilgrims, many with comorbidities, who annually ascend to high-altitude sacred areas.