Diagnosis and Care of Children With Cerebral/Cortical Visual Impairment: Clinical Report.

Cerebral/cortical visual impairment (CVI) is a leading cause of pediatric visual impairment in nations with developed economies and is increasing in those with developing economies. Because vision is the predominant sense used for learning, delay in diagnosis of CVI can negatively affect education, making early detection and management important. The American Academy of Pediatrics has published the policy statement "Visual System Assessment in Infants, Children, and Young Adults by Pediatricians" and an accompanying clinical report that are based on identifying potential causes of ocular visual impairment in children.

Symptom Screening Linked to Care Pathways for Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pediatric patients with cancer commonly experience severely bothersome symptoms. The effectiveness of routine symptom screening with symptom feedback and symptom management care pathways is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether thrice-weekly symptom screening with symptom feedback and management care pathways, compared with usual care, improves overall self-reported symptom scores measured by the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) in pediatric patients with cancer.

Compensatory thoracic curve correction in lumbar anterior vertebral body tether (VBT) versus lumbar posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Purpose: Anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a non-fusion surgical option for skeletally immature patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Prior studies demonstrated compensatory correction of the thoracic curve after lumbar posterior spinal fusion (PSF); however, no studies have examined thoracic curve correction after lumbar VBT.

Methods: Patients with Lenke 5 + 6 lumbar scoliosis who underwent VBT and at least 2 years' follow-up were compared to matched lumbar PSF patients.

Understanding the burden of weekly somatrogon injections compared with daily somatropin injections in children with growth hormone deficiency: a plain language summary of publication.

• For children with growth deficiency, once-weekly injections were less of a burden than once-daily injections. • The safety of weekly was similar to that of daily . • Compared with daily injections, children with growth deficiency may be less likely to miss weekly injections.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity.

Importance: Prior research has demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults; however, its association with pediatric OSA is emerging.

Objective: To evaluate the association of vitamin D levels with obstructive Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) in children with OSA.

Design, Settings, And Participants: This was a cross-sectional study of children aged 2 to 16 years with severe obstructive OSA (AHI ≥20 on polysomnogram) who were undergoing adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology clinic from 2017 to 2022.

Monoallelic loss-of-function variants in GSK3B lead to autism and developmental delay.

De novo variants adjacent to the canonical splicing sites or in the well-defined splicing-related regions are more likely to impair splicing but remain under-investigated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By analyzing large, recent ASD genome sequencing cohorts, we find a significant burden of de novo potential splicing-disrupting variants (PSDVs) in 5048 probands compared to 4090 unaffected siblings. We identified 55 genes with recurrent de novo PSDVs that were highly intolerant to variation.

Implementation Science and Pediatric Diabetes: A Scoping Review of the State of the Literature and Recommendations for Future Research.

Purpose Of Review: This scoping review aimed to identify implementation science (IS) research in pediatric diabetes, report integration of IS theory and terminology, and offer guidance for future research.

Recent Findings: Of 23 papers identified, 19 were published since 2017 and 21 focused on type 1 diabetes. Most involved medical evidence-based practices (EBPs; n = 15), whereas fewer focused on psychosocial (n = 7) and diabetes education (n = 2).

The impact of current pediatric anesthesiology fellows shortfall on freestanding children's hospitals and practices.

The pediatric anesthesiology workforce is currently facing a critical shortage, which will have significant consequences for patient care and the healthcare system as a whole. The workforce is aging, and despite increasing numbers of anesthesiology residents, fewer graduates are entering the field of pediatrics. It should also be noted that fewer medical school graduates are entering pediatrics as well.

Longitudinal Assessment of T1 Mapping Trends Disease in Pediatric Patients With Heart Transplant.

Background: Surveillance for heart transplant rejection by endomyocardial biopsy is invasive and may yield false negatives. T1 and T2 mapping from cardiac magnetic resonance can demonstrate elevations with rejection. We sought to evaluate longitudinal changes in T1 and T2 mapping in pediatric patients with heart transplant.

Mechanical properties of pediatric low-grade gliomas in children with and without neurofibromatosis type 1.

Introduction: Prognoses for pediatric brain tumors are suboptimal, as even in low-grade tumors, management techniques can lead to damage in the developing brain. Therefore, advanced neuroimaging methods are critical for developing optimal management plans and improving patient care. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has allowed for the characterization of adult gliomas by their mechanical properties, which are uniquely sensitive to the complex interplay of cellularity, vasculature, and interstitium.

Low Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels During Maintenance Phase Are Associated With Treatment Failure in Children With Crohn's Disease.

Background: Higher drug levels and combination therapy with low-dose oral methotrexate (LD-MTX) may reduce anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment failure in pediatric Crohn's disease. We sought to (1) evaluate whether combination therapy with LD-MTX was associated with higher anti-TNF levels, (2) evaluate associations between anti-TNF levels and subsequent treatment failure, and (3) explore the effect of combination therapy on maintenance of remission among patients with therapeutic drug levels (>5 µg/mL for infliximab and >7.5 µg/mL for adalimumab).

Pre-clinical and clinical trials for anesthesia in neonates: gaps and future directions.

Literature examining possible deleterious effects of anesthesia exposure on the developing brain has increased substantially over the past 30 years. Initial concerning findings in animal models, both rodents and non-human primates, prompted increasingly thorough examinations in humans, including randomized controlled trials. This review will provide a concise overview of what we know about anesthesia and the developing brain: the background in animal studies, the most robust results we have in humans, and the work yet to be done.

Parent and adolescent perspectives on a novel transdisciplinary model of healthcare delivery for type 1 diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to obtain pre-adolescent/adolescent and parent input on a proposed transdisciplinary model for routine type 1 diabetes (T1D) healthcare in which an advanced practice nurse, dietitian, and psychologist with expertise in T1D and extensive cross-discipline training co-deliver care during quarterly T1D care visits using a family-focused approach.

Methods: Participants were 17 parent-youth dyads plus one additional adolescent who responded to open-ended questions about the structure and format of the proposed transdisciplinary care model via an online, private social network. A six-member coding team developed and revised a codebook, coded question responses through iterative cycles of inductive coding, and distilled major recurring themes to obtain perspectives on the transdisciplinary care model and feedback on improving the model.

The Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Children With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic form of orthostatic intolerance characterized by various symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and increased heart rate. Conflicting reports exist regarding the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with POTS, while data on pediatric POTS remains scarce.

Method: A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients aged 11-17 years with POTS, who underwent autonomic testing at Nemours Children's Hospital in Orlando, Florida, was conducted.