CD74 is expressed in a subset of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients and is a promising target for therapy: a report from the Children's Oncology Group.

As curative therapies for pediatric acute myleoid leukemia (AML) remain elusive, identifying potential new treatment targets is vital. We assessed the cell surface expression of CD74, also known as the major histocompatibility complex-II invariant chain, by multidimensional flow cytometry in 973 patients enrolled in the Children's Oncology Group AAML1031 clinical trial (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT01371981).

Rehydration Rates and Outcomes in Overweight Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Background And Objectives: The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Fluid Therapies Under Investigation in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) (FLUID) Trial found that rapid fluid infusion does not increase the risk of cerebral injury. Concern persists, however, whether fluid rates should be adjusted for overweight or obese patients. We used the FLUID Trial database to evaluate associations between fluid infusion rate and outcomes in these patients.

Clinical, neuroradiological, and molecular characterization of mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA-synthetase (TARS2)-related disorder.

Purpose: Biallelic variants in TARS2, encoding the mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA-synthetase, have been reported in a small group of individuals displaying a neurodevelopmental phenotype but with limited neuroradiological data and insufficient evidence for causality of the variants.

Methods: Exome or genome sequencing was carried out in 15 families. Clinical and neuroradiological evaluation was performed for all affected individuals, including review of 10 previously reported individuals.

Route of delivery does not impact postnatal surgical morbidity in pregnancies affected by fetal achondroplasia.

Purpose: Pregnancies affected by maternal or fetal achondroplasia present unique challenges. The optimal route of delivery in fetuses with achondroplasia has not been established. Our objective was to determine whether the route of delivery affects postnatal achondroplasia-related surgical burden.

Tracheostomy in the extremely premature neonate - Long term outcomes in a multi-institutional study.

Objectives: To describe the long-term outcomes related to breathing, feeding, and neurocognitive development in extremely premature infants requiring tracheostomy.

Study Design: Pooled cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Multi-institutional academic children's hospitals.

Biomimetic Substrate to Probe Dynamic Interplay of Topography and Stiffness on Cardiac Fibroblast Activation.

Materials with the ability to change properties can expand the capabilities of models of biological processes and diseases as it has become increasingly clear that static, stiff materials with smooth surfaces fall short in recapitulating the cellular microenvironment. Here, we introduce a patterned material that can be rapidly stiffened and softened in response to an external magnetic field through the addition of magnetic inclusions into a soft silicone elastomer with topographic surface patterning. This substrate can be used for cell culture to investigate short-term cellular responses to dynamic stiffening or softening and the interaction with topography that encourages cells to assume a specific morphology.

Cognitive function following diabetic ketoacidosis in young children with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be at particularly high risk of cognitive decline following diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, studies of cognitive functioning in T1D typically examine school-age children. The goal of this study was to examine whether a single experience of DKA is associated with lower cognitive functioning in young children.

Relationships among biochemical measures in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Objectives: Investigating empirical relationships among laboratory measures in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can provide insights into physiological alterations occurring during DKA. We determined whether alterations in laboratory measures during DKA conform to theoretical predictions.

Methods: We used Pearson correlation statistics and linear regression to investigate correlations between blood glucose, electrolytes, pH and PCO at emergency department presentation in 1,681 pediatric DKA episodes.

Effects of Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation on Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in Girls Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Objective: To determine if removing an ovary for ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) increased rates of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in girls undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Institutional review board approval was obtained from all 3 clinical sites.

Design: Multicenter retrospective cohort study SETTING: Academic children's hospitals PATIENTS: Females aged 2-21 who underwent BMT with or without OTC from 2010 to 2017.

Burnout: exploring the differences between U.S. and international medical graduates.

Background: International medical graduates (IMGs) have less burnout than U. S. medical school graduates (USMGs) during residency training.

A taxonomy of childhood pedal cyclist injuries from latent class analysis: associations with factors pertinent to prevention.

Background: Studies of pedal cyclist injuries have largely focused on individual injury categories, but every region of the cyclist's body is exposed to potential trauma. Real-world injury patterns can be complex, and isolated injuries to one body part are uncommon among casualties requiring hospitalization. Latent class analysis (LCA) may identify important patterns in heterogeneous samples of qualitative data.

Antibiotics prior to age 2 years have limited association with preschool growth trajectory.

Background: Prior studies of early antibiotic use and growth have shown mixed results, primarily on cross-sectional outcomes. This study examined the effect of oral antibiotics before age 24 months on growth trajectory at age 2-5 years.

Methods: We captured oral antibiotic prescriptions and anthropometrics from electronic health records through PCORnet, for children with ≥1 height and weight at 0-12 months of age, ≥1 at 12-30 months, and ≥2 between 25 and 72 months.

Structural mapping of GABRB3 variants reveals genotype-phenotype correlations.

Purpose: Pathogenic variants in GABRB3 have been associated with a spectrum of phenotypes from severe developmental disorders and epileptic encephalopathies to milder epilepsy syndromes and mild intellectual disability (ID). In this study, we analyzed a large cohort of individuals with GABRB3 variants to deepen the phenotypic understanding and investigate genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods: Through an international collaboration, we analyzed electro-clinical data of unpublished individuals with variants in GABRB3, and we reviewed previously published cases.

Who Gets Referred? A Pilot Study of Risk Stratification and Treatment Referral in Pediatric Headache Using the Pediatric Pain Screening Tool.

Objective: Headaches are common among youth and are associated with significant negative outcomes. Despite advances in interdisciplinary treatments for youth with chronic pain, research suggests disparities in access to these services.

Methods: A total of 186 youth (M = 14.

The Use of Diuretic in Mechanically Ventilated Children with Viral Bronchiolitis: a Cohort Study.

Introduction: Viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of admissions to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A literature review indicates that there is limited information on fluid overload and the use of diuretics in mechanically ventilated children with viral bronchiolitis. This study was conducted to understand diuretic use concerning fluid overload in this population.

Statistical kinematic modelling: concepts and model validity.

Data reduction techniques are applied to reduce the volume of data while maintaining its integrity. For cyclic motion data, a reliable overview comparing these methods is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the features of the different data reduction techniques by applying them to large public data sets.

Surgical Outcomes of Obese Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis From Endemic Areas of Obesity in the United States.

Background: Obesity rates continue to rise among children and adolescents across the globe. A multicenter research consortium composed of institutions in the Southern US, located in states endemic for childhood obesity, was formed to evaluate the effect of obesity on pediatric musculoskeletal disorders. This study evaluates the effect of body mass index (BMI) percentile and socioeconomic status (SES) on surgical site infections (SSIs) and perioperative complications in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated with posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Evaluation of Gait Pattern and Lower Extremity Kinematics of Children with Morquio Syndrome (MPS IV).

Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV/MPS IV) is a genetic disorder leading to skeletal abnormalities and gait deviations. Research on the gait patterns and lower extremity physical characteristics associated with skeletal dysplasia in children with MPS IV is currently limited. This research aimed to provide baseline gait patterns and lower limb skeletal alignment of children with MPS IV utilizing three-dimensional instrumented gait analysis.

Targeted provider education and pre-visit planning increase rates of formal depression screening in childhood-onset SLE.

Background: Despite being at high risk for depression, patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) are infrequently and inconsistently screened for depression by their pediatric rheumatologists. We aimed to systematically increase rates of formal depression screening for c-SLE patients in an academic Pediatric Rheumatology clinic.

Methods: Our multi-disciplinary quality improvement (QI) team used electronic health record (EHR) documentation to retroactively calculate baseline rates of documented depression screening using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Do mothers and fathers agree? Examining interparental ratings of youth externalizing behaviors among ethnically diverse families.

Objective: This study examined the association between youth, parent, and family characteristics in mother-father agreement of youth externalizing behaviors among ethnically diverse families.

Method: Eighty-eight mother-father dyads of youth (44% Latino, 38% European-American, 17% African American) 6-16 years participated.

Results: Overall associations between parent's reports of youth behavior problems were positively correlated.