Multi-omics analysis in mouse primary cortical neurons reveals complex positive and negative biological interactions between constituent compounds in Centella asiatica.

Background: A water extract of the Ayurvedic plant (CAW) improves cognitive function in mouse models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, and affects dendritic arborization, mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress in mouse primary neurons. Triterpenes (TT) and caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) are constituents associated with these bioactivities of CAW although little is known about how interactions between these compounds contribute to the plant's therapeutic benefit.

Methods: Mouse primary cortical neurons were treated with CAW, or equivalent concentrations of four TT combined, eight CQA combined, or these twelve compounds combined (TTCQA).

Forward design method for the design of panda polarization-maintaining few-mode optical fiber based on artificial neural network.

Panda polarization-maintaining few-mode optical fiber (PPMFMOF) has important research significance in the short distance optical transmission field owing to its advantages of weak nonlinear effects, which is benefit to reduce the use of digital signal processing equipment. Designing a high-performance PPMFMOF quickly and efficiently is expected and yet challenging. In this article, we demonstrated a forward design method for the design of PPMFMOF based on artificial neural network (ANN) to solve the problems of inefficient and time-consuming PPMFMOF design in traditional design method.

Effective and group refractive index extraction and cross-sectional dimension estimation for silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides.

The accurate determination of the effective and group refractive indices (n and n) of optical waveguides as a function of wavelength is of critical importance to the design of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). This paper demonstrates the extraction of the two parameters of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguides using the transmission spectra of two racetrack micro-ring resonators (MRRs) with different perimeters. The extracted n and n exhibit an uncertainty of approximately 10.

A developmental biliary lineage program cooperates with Wnt activation to promote cell proliferation in hepatoblastoma.

Cancers evolve not only through the acquisition and clonal transmission of somatic mutations but also by epigenetic mechanisms that modify cell phenotype. Here, we use histology-guided and spatial transcriptomics to characterize hepatoblastoma, a childhood liver cancer that exhibits significant histologic and proliferative heterogeneity despite clonal activating mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Highly proliferative regions with embryonal histology show high expression of Wnt target genes, the embryonic biliary transcription factor SOX4, and striking focal expression of the growth factor FGF19.

Evolutionary History and Ecology of () : A New Nearctic Mining Bee (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) Species and Subgenus.

With about 1700 described species, the mining bee genus is a rapidly diversifying lineage and one of the most species-rich groups of bees. Recent phylogenomic advances have greatly improved our understanding of the phylogeny of the genus, yet many species still await description, subgeneric assignments that are in line with their evolutionary history, as well as study of their morphology and behavior. Here we provide a comprehensive account of a newly discovered species, n.

Projected Impact of Replacing Juice With Whole Fruit in Early Care and Education.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to simulate potential changes in dietary intake and food costs by replacing juice with whole fruit among children ages 1-5 years attending U.S. early care and education settings between 2008 and 2020.

Microbial dynamics and pulmonary immune responses in COVID-19 secondary bacterial pneumonia.

Secondary bacterial pneumonia (2°BP) is associated with significant morbidity following respiratory viral infection, yet remains incompletely understood. In a prospective cohort of 112 critically ill adults intubated for COVID-19, we comparatively assess longitudinal airway microbiome dynamics and the pulmonary transcriptome of patients who developed 2°BP versus controls who did not. We find that 2°BP is significantly associated with both mortality and corticosteroid treatment.

The Role of BAG3 Protein Interactions in Cardiomyopathies.

Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) plays an important function in cellular protein quality control (PQC) maintaining proteome stability. Mutations in the gene result in cardiomyopathies. Due to its roles in cardiomyopathies and the complexity of BAG3-protein interactions, it is important to understand these protein interactions given the importance of the multifunctional cochaperone BAG3 in cardiomyocytes, using an in vitro cardiomyocyte model.

A multimodal zebrafish developmental atlas reveals the state-transition dynamics of late-vertebrate pluripotent axial progenitors.

Elucidating organismal developmental processes requires a comprehensive understanding of cellular lineages in the spatial, temporal, and molecular domains. In this study, we introduce Zebrahub, a dynamic atlas of zebrafish embryonic development that integrates single-cell sequencing time course data with lineage reconstructions facilitated by light-sheet microscopy. This atlas offers high-resolution and in-depth molecular insights into zebrafish development, achieved through the sequencing of individual embryos across ten developmental stages, complemented by reconstructions of cellular trajectories.

Geographic Access to Community Mental Healthcare and Adherence to Treatment Among Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Non-adherence to antipsychotic medications is a commonly recognized problem that can lead to lack of follow-up for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, increasing risk for psychotic symptoms, hospitalizations, and decreased quality of life. We conducted a secondary data analysis of electronic health record data of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( = 1,341) in Central Florida to explore relationships between geographic access to mental healthcare facilities, socioeconomic factors, and follow-up visits, and whether these conditions contributed to adherence over 1 years' time. Using Geographic Information Systems among six mental health facilities, spatial analysis and logistic regression indicated that patients had 27.

Sevoflurane Postconditioning Protects From an Early Neurological Deficit After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Results of a Randomized Laboratory Study in Rats.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with neurocognitive impairment. Recent data suggest that sevoflurane attenuates edema formation after SAH in rats. However, so far, no information is available about the long-term repair phase, nor if sevoflurane impacts functionality by increasing vascularity.

An Evaluative Study of a Nurse-Led Surgical Information Initiative for Gender Diverse Individuals Seeking Genital Surgery.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of nurse-led one-on-one psychoeducation sessions on gender diverse individuals seeking gender-affirming genital surgery.

Design: A quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test research design was employed to examine the impact of a nurse-led initiative on improving patients self-perceived knowledge and confidence pertaining to gender affirming genital surgery. The study followed the SQUIRE 2.

E.PathDash, pathway activation analysis of publicly available pathogen gene expression data.

Unlabelled: E.PathDash facilitates re-analysis of gene expression data from pathogens clinically relevant to chronic respiratory diseases, including a total of 48 studies, 548 samples, and 404 unique treatment comparisons. The application enables users to assess broad biological stress responses at the KEGG pathway or gene ontology level and also provides data for individual genes.

Development and expert inspections of the user interface for a primary care decision support system.

Background: General practitioners play a unique key role in diagnosing patients with unclear diseases. Decision support systems in primary care can assist with diagnosis provided that they are efficient and user-friendly.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop a high-fidelity prototype of the user interface of a clinical decision support system for primary care, particularly for diagnosis support in unclear diseases, using expert inspections at an early stage of development to ensure a high level of usability.

Reduced red and processed meat consumption is associated with lower diet costs in US households: a national analysis of protein substitutions.

Objective: To examine the association between red and processed meat consumption and total food expenditures in US households and explore whether households could reduce food costs by substituting these meats with other protein sources such as poultry, seafood, eggs and plant proteins.

Design: Cross-sectional study using data from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS). Using adult male equivalents (AME) for standardisation, we categorised red and processed meat purchases into quintiles.

"Surgery First" vs. "Endoscopy First" for Pediatric Choledocholithiasis Presenting at the End of the Week - A CARES Working Group Study.

Background: Choledocholithiasis in children is commonly managed with an "endoscopy-first" (EF) strategy (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC)). Because ERCP availability is often limited at the end of the week (EoW), we hypothesized that a "surgery-first" (SF) approach (LC with intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) ± transcystic laparoscopic common bile exploration (LCBDE)) would decrease length of stay (LOS) and time to definitive intervention (TTDI).

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted on pediatric patients from 2018 to 2023 with suspected choledocholithiasis.