Structural, functional and digestibility characteristics of sorghum and corn starch extrudates (RS) as affected by cold storage time.

The aim of the study was to compare the properties of resistant starch (RS) formed during extrusion of corn and sorghum starches. The extrudates were stored for 7 and 14 days at 4 °C to allow for molecular rearrangement i.e.

Correction: Samad, N., et al. Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Following Single Immobilization Stress in Rats. 2020, , 350.

We would like to change the funding part of paper [...

Experimental evaluation of oil recovery mechanism using a variety of surface-modified silica nanoparticles: Role of in-situ surface-modification in oil-wet system.

Recent developments propose renewed use of surface-modified nanoparticles (NPs) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to improved stability and reduced porous media retention. The enhanced surface properties render the nanoparticles more suitable compared to bare nanoparticles, for increasing the displacement efficiency of waterflooding. However, the EOR mechanisms using NPs are still not well established.

Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Following Single Immobilization Stress on Rats.

Elevated oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of stress and memory-related complications. () has been reported to have various biological and antioxidant properties. We intended to evaluate the effect of peel on single immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficits and memory changes in rats.

evaluation of novel low-pressure spark plasma sintered HA-BG composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

The low-pressure spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique is adopted to fabricate hydroxyapatite-bioglass (HA-BG) scaffolds while maintaining the physical properties of both components, including their bulk and relative density and hardness. However, prior to their orthopaedic and dental applications, these scaffolds must be validated pre-clinical assessments. In the present study, scaffolds with different ratios of HA : BG, namely, 100 : 0 (HB 0 S), 90 : 10 (HB 10 S), 80 : 20 (HB 20 S) and 70 : 30 (HB 30 S) were fabricated.

Brain Injury and Dementia in Pakistan: Current Perspectives.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 50-75% of all cases, with a greater proportion of individuals affected at older age range. A single moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with accelerated aging and increased risk for dementia. The fastest growth in the elderly population is taking place in China, Pakistan, and their south Asian neighbors.

Antioxidant studies of citric acid and citrus fruits towards paraquat by cyclic voltammetry: An antidote of paraquat poisoning.

Voltammetric parameters are studied to confirm the antioxidant activity of citric acid towards reduced form of methyl viologen dication (1, 1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium, MV , also known as paraquat). In this study the kinetics of the reaction of citric acid with reduced form of methyl viologen is also reported. Out of two oxidative peaks (i.

REPORT- Association between serum electrolytes and erythrocytes Na+, K+ in hypertensive and normotensive male compared to female.

Hypertension is considered as a multifactorial disorder in which a numerous of physiological mechanism take part to raise blood pressure The present study is carried out to study the serum and red blood cell electrolytes disturbances in men and women patients of essential hypertension. The samples for analysis were obtained from two hundred four (204) age and sex matched volunteers (51 men and 51 women normotensive, 51 men and 51 women hypertensive). Erythrocytes obtained from blood samples (freshly drawn), washed and processed for the estimation of Na and K concentrations through flame photometer.

Liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of alprazolam with NSAIDs in bulk drug, pharmaceutical formulation and human serum.

High performance liquid chromatography with UV/vis detection was optimized and validated for simultaneous quantification of alprazolam with celecoxib and diclofenac sodium in pharmaceutical formulation and human serum. Chromatographic separation was achieved at detection wavelength of 230 nm on Shimadzu Shim-pack CLC-ODS (M) 25M column employing 80:20 (v/v) methanol: water (pH 3.5) as mobile phase with elution rate 1.

The physiological effects of noninvasive brain stimulation fundamentally differ across the human cortex.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to modulate brain activity and behavior in humans. Still, stimulation effects substantially vary across studies and individuals, thereby restricting the large-scale application of TMS in research or clinical settings. We revealed that low-frequency stimulation had opposite impact on the functional connectivity of sensory and cognitive brain regions.

Bayesian fusion and multimodal DCM for EEG and fMRI.

This paper asks whether integrating multimodal EEG and fMRI data offers a better characterisation of functional brain architectures than either modality alone. This evaluation rests upon a dynamic causal model that generates both EEG and fMRI data from the same neuronal dynamics. We introduce the use of Bayesian fusion to provide informative (empirical) neuronal priors - derived from dynamic causal modelling (DCM) of EEG data - for subsequent DCM of fMRI data.

Molecular docking analysis of timepidium with Acetylcholine and lumacaftor with GABA(A) activator.

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by disturbed tissue related molecular activity within the brain irrespective of age. The cause is very difficult to understand towards a suitable treatment. However, its symptoms like seizures are treated and suppressed by known medications.

The effect of global signal regression on DCM estimates of noise and effective connectivity from resting state fMRI.

The influence of global BOLD fluctuations on resting state functional connectivity in fMRI data remains a topic of debate, with little consensus. In this study, we assessed the effects of global signal regression (GSR) on effective connectivity within and between resting state networks (RSNs) - as estimated with dynamic causal modelling (DCM) for resting state fMRI (rsfMRI). DCM incorporates a forward (generative) model that quantifies the contribution of different types of noise (including global measurement noise), effective connectivity, and (neuro)vascular processes to functional connectivity measurements.

On Markov blankets and hierarchical self-organisation.

Biological self-organisation can be regarded as a process of spontaneous pattern formation; namely, the emergence of structures that distinguish themselves from their environment. This process can occur at nested spatial scales: from the microscopic (e.g.

Biomarkers in Drug Free Subjects with Depression : Correlation with Tryptophan.

Objective: Depression is a prevalent condition that is costly to individuals and society. In view of a role of tryptophan (TRP), selenium (Se), vitamin D (Vit D), magnesium (Mg) and serotonin in depression, the present study concerns to evaluate the circulating levels of TRP, Se, Vit D, Mg and serotonin in depression as well as the correlation between TRP and other serum analytes is also established.

Methods: Healthy (n=48) and depressed (n=48) subjects were recruited and their blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast of 12 h, serum was stored for the determination of levels of TRP, Se, Vit D, Mg, and serotonin.

Ultrasensitive colorimetric aptasensor for Hg detection using Exo-III assisted target recycling amplification and unmodified AuNPs as indicators.

Facile and ultrasensitive detection of Hg in water environment remains challenging. Exonuclease III (Exo-III)-assisted target recycling is one of the most popular amplification strategies. Although the magnesium (II) ions are widely acting as cofactors of Exo-III, we recognized that Mg cofactors would strongly disturb the charge distribution on citrate-stablized gold nanoparticles (in the general sense, unmodified AuNPs) surface, thus generate false positive colorimetric signals.

Inferring neural signalling directionality from undirected structural connectomes.

Neural information flow is inherently directional. To date, investigation of directional communication in the human structural connectome has been precluded by the inability of non-invasive neuroimaging methods to resolve axonal directionality. Here, we demonstrate that decentralized measures of network communication, applied to the undirected topology and geometry of brain networks, can infer putative directions of large-scale neural signalling.

Ultrathin WO Nanosheets Converted from Metallic WS Sheets by Spontaneous Formation and Deposition of PdO Nanoclusters for Visible Light-Driven C-C Coupling Reactions.

It is not facile to obtain ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) WO nanosheets through the exfoliation of their bulk counterpart in solution due to strong covalent interaction between interlayers. In addition, they require additional functionalization with cocatalysts to expand their applicability in photocatalytic organic reactions owing to their insufficient conduction band edge position. Here, we report a chemical approach for the simultaneous production and functionalization of ultrathin 2D WO nanosheets through the direct conversion of metallic WS nanosheets, accomplished by the spontaneous formation and deposition of PdO nanoclusters on the nanosheet surface in HO.

Characterization of osteogenic cells grown over modified graphene-oxide-biostable polymers.

Graphene is an excellent filler for the development of reinforced composites. This study evaluated bone cement composites of graphene oxide (GO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based on the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and the anabolic and catabolic effects of the incorporation of GO on osteoblast cells at a genetic level. Surface wettability and roughness were also evaluated at different GO concentrations (GO1: 0.

Transdiagnostic variations in impulsivity and compulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder correlate with effective connectivity in cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits.

Individual differences in impulsivity and compulsivity is thought to underlie vulnerability to a broad range of disorders and are closely tied to cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical function. However, whether impulsivity and compulsivity in clinical disorders is continuous with the healthy population and explains cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical dysfunction across different disorders remains unclear. Here, we characterized the relationship between cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical effective connectivity, estimated using dynamic causal modelling of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and dimensional phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity in two symptomatically distinct but phenotypically related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder.

Heterochelates of metals as an effective anti - Urease agents couple with their docking studies.

The current article discusses the activities of several synthesized metal heterochelates in in-vitro as anti-ulcer agents followed by their docking study. For this purpose, two important ligands like 8-hydroxyquinoline and DL-methionine were used in synthesis of heterochelates of metal including Cr (III), Mn (II), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Pb (II). It was observed that these complexes showed excellent urease inhibition activities in which thiourea was the standard having IC value 21.

Comparative study on effects of citric and lactic acid treatment on morphological, functional, resistant starch fraction and glycemic index of corn and sorghum starches.

The present study isolated starch from corn and sorghum grains through wet milling procedure. Sorghum starch is considered an alternative to corn starch in future, due to similar functional properties. However, agronomically sorghum is a cheap input cost crop compared to sorghum and can grow in drought hit areas.

Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans.

Psychedelics exert unique effects on human consciousness. The thalamic filter model suggests that core effects of psychedelics may result from gating deficits, based on a disintegration of information processing within cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) feedback loops. To test this hypothesis, we characterized changes in directed (effective) connectivity between selected CTSC regions after acute administration of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and after pretreatment with Ketanserin (a selective serotonin 2A receptor antagonist) plus LSD in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 25 healthy participants.

Dynamic causal modelling of fluctuating connectivity in resting-state EEG.

Functional and effective connectivity are known to change systematically over time. These changes might be explained by several factors, including intrinsic fluctuations in activity-dependent neuronal coupling and contextual factors, like experimental condition and time. Furthermore, contextual effects may be subject-specific or conserved over subjects.

Body Mass Index and Segmental Mass Correlation With Elastographic Strain Ratios of the Quadriceps Tendon.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between quadriceps tendon stiffness and its properties and variations in the body mass index (BMI) and segmental mass.

Methods: This study was conducted in 3 groups according to their BMI (A, low [<18.5 kg/m ]; B, normal [18.