Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cycling performance on the 3-minute aerobic test (3mAT): placebo and nocebo effects.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used extensively but research on its efficacy within the sport and exercise science realm has been inconsistent. There may be placebo and nocebo effects present with its use. Our objective was to determine if subjects can be influenced to believe that tDCS will improve cycling performance.

Genomics and evolutionary analysis of infecting viruses demarcate criteria for defining species of giant viruses.

Chloroviruses exhibit a close relationship with their hosts with the phenotypic aspect of their ability to form lytic plaques having primarily guided the taxonomy. However, with the isolation of viruses that are only able to complete their replication cycle in one strain of , systematic challenges emerged. In this study, we described the genomic features of 53 new chlorovirus isolates and used them to elucidate part of the evolutionary history and taxonomy of this clade.

TDP43 autoregulation gives rise to shortened isoforms that are tightly controlled by both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms.

The nuclear RNA-binding protein TDP43 is integrally involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Previous studies uncovered N-terminal TDP43 isoforms that are predominantly cytosolic in localization, highly prone to aggregation, and enriched in susceptible spinal motor neurons. In healthy cells, however, these shortened (s)TDP43 isoforms are difficult to detect in comparison to full-length (fl)TDP43, raising questions regarding their origin and selective regulation.

Black and White Adults' Racial and Gender Stereotypes of Psychopathology Symptoms in Black and White Children.

Adults' judgments of children's behaviors play a critical role in assessment and treatment of childhood psychopathology. Judgments of children's psychiatric symptoms are likely influenced by racial biases, but little is known about the specific racial biases adults hold about children's psychiatric symptoms, which could play a critical role in childhood mental health disparities. This study examined one form of such biases, racial stereotypes, to determine if White and Black adults hold implicit and explicit racial stereotypes about common childhood psychopathology symptoms, and if these stereotypes vary by child gender and disorder type.

Mindfulness, coping, and disruptions as predictors of college student distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This research examined how stressors experienced by college students within the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with their reports of psychological distress, mindfulness, and coping strategies. Students attending 11 universities in the U.S.

Determinants of physical activity of transitioning adult children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Unlabelled: Many young adults on the autism spectrum do not attain the recommended minimum weekly amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to prevent significant health risks. Autism symptoms as well as environmental factors may play a key role in the physical activity (PA) behaviors of young adults on the autism spectrum. The socioecological model (SEM) has been previously used to identify determinants of PA among people within many disability categories.

Short Communication: Beta-adrenergic agonists alter oxidative phosphorylation in primary myoblasts.

Beta-adrenergic agonists (β-AAs) are widely used supplements in beef and pork production to improve feed efficiency and increase lean muscle mass, yet little is known about the molecular mechanism by which β-AAs achieve this outcome. Our objective was to identify the influence of ractopamine HCl and zilpaterol HCl on mitochondrial respiratory activity in muscle satellite cells isolated from crossbred beef steers (N = 5), crossbred barrows (N = 2), Yorkshire-cross gilts (N = 3), and commercial weather lambs (N = 5). Real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) were recorded using extracellular flux analyses with a Seahorse XFe24 analyzer.

TDP43 ribonucleoprotein granules: physiologic function to pathologic aggregates.

Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assemblies are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and have functions throughout RNA transcription, splicing, and stability. Of the RNA-binding proteins that form RNPs, TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kD (TDP43) is of particular interest due to its essential nature and its association with disease. TDP43 plays critical roles in RNA metabolism, many of which require its recruitment to RNP granules such as stress granules, myo-granules, and neuronal transport granules.

An instructional definition and assessment rubric for bioinformatics instruction.

The lack of an instructional definition of bioinformatics delays its effective integration into biology coursework. Using an iterative process, our team of biologists, a mathematician/computer scientist, and a bioinformatician together with an educational evaluation and assessment specialist, developed an instructional definition of the discipline: Bioinformatics is "an interdisciplinary field that is concerned with the development and application of algorithms that analyze biological data to investigate the structure and function of biological polymers and their relationships to living systems." The field is defined in terms of its two primary foundational disciplines, biology and computer science, and its interdisciplinary nature.

IMPLEMENTING A NEW DIFFUSION BATTERY FOR RADON PROGENY DOSE DETERMINATION.

The Australian Radiation Laboratory Diffusion Battery was created in 1992 to evaluate radon progeny dose coefficients based on measured aerosol conditions. The Australian Radiation Laboratory Diffusion Battery used filters, alpha counters and a legacy laptop computer running a PowerBASIC program that controlled the hardware. Because technology has evolved, the original system is not supportable.

Effect of Collaborative Dementia Care via Telephone and Internet on Quality of Life, Caregiver Well-being, and Health Care Use: The Care Ecosystem Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Few health systems have adopted effective dementia care management programs. The Care Ecosystem is a model for delivering care from centralized hubs across broad geographic areas to caregivers and persons with dementia (PWDs) independently of their health system affiliations.

Objective: To determine whether the Care Ecosystem is effective in improving outcomes important to PWDs, their caregivers, and payers beyond those achieved with usual care.

The Effects of Submaximal and Maximal Exercise on Heart Rate Variability.

The purpose of this study was to examine heart rate variability (HRV) at rest, and during submaximal (100 bpm) and maximal exercise in collegiate distance runners. We predicted there would be less HRV during exercise. Eight collegiate runners (19-22 yrs) were recruited for participation.

The -glycan structures of the antigenic variants of chlorovirus PBCV-1 major capsid protein help to identify the virus-encoded glycosyltransferases.

The chlorovirus chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1) is a large dsDNA virus that infects the microalga NC64A. Unlike most other viruses, PBCV-1 encodes most, if not all, of the machinery required to glycosylate its major capsid protein (MCP). The structures of the four -linked glycans from the PBCV-1 MCP consist of nonasaccharides, and similar glycans are not found elsewhere in the three domains of life.

Biophysical Approaches to Solve the Structures of the Complex Glycan Shield of Chloroviruses.

The capsid of Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus (PBCV-1) contains a heavily glycosylated major capsid protein, Vp54. The capsid protein contains four glycans, each N-linked to Asn. The glycan structures are unusual in many aspects: (1) they are attached by a β-glucose linkage, which is rare in nature; (2) they are highly branched and consist of 8-10 neutral monosaccharides; (3) all four glycoforms contain a dimethylated rhamnose as the capping residue of the main chain, a hyper-branched fucose residue and two rhamnose residues ''with opposite absolute configurations; (4) the four glycoforms differ by the nonstoichiometric presence of two monosaccharides, L-arabinose and D-mannose ; (5) the N-glycans from all of the chloroviruses have a strictly conserved core structure; and (6) these glycans do not resemble any structures previously reported in the three domains of life.

Effects of Flexibility and Balance on Driving Distance and Club Head Speed in Collegiate Golfers.

Good balance, flexibility, and strength are all required to maintain a steady stance during the kinematic chain to produce successful golf shots. When the body can produce more power, more club head speed is generated. This formation of power translates into greater distance and accuracy.

Interactive effects of leg autotomy and incline on locomotor performance and kinematics of the cellar spider, .

Leg autotomy can be a very effective strategy for escaping a predation attempt in many animals. In spiders, autotomy can be very common (5-40% of individuals can be missing legs) and has been shown to reduce locomotor speeds, which, in turn, can reduce the ability to find food, mates, and suitable habitat. Previous work on spiders has focused mostly on the influence of limb loss on horizontal movements.

The Accuracy of Pedometers in Measuring Walking Steps on a Treadmill in College Students.

Pedometers are a popular way for people to track if they have reached the recommended 10,000 daily steps. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of four brands of pedometers at measuring steps, and to determine if a relationship exists between pedometer cost and accuracy. The hypothesis was that the more expensive brands of pedometers (the Fitbit Charge™ and Omron HJ-303™) would yield more accurate step counts than less expensive brands (the SmartHealth - Walking FIT™ and Sportline™).

Chloroviruses Have a Sweet Tooth.

Chloroviruses are large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that infect certain isolates of chlorella-like green algae. They contain up to approximately 400 protein-encoding genes and 16 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. This review summarizes the unexpected finding that many of the chlorovirus genes encode proteins involved in manipulating carbohydrates.

Structure of the N-glycans from the chlorovirus NE-JV-1.

Results from recent studies are breaking the paradigm that all viruses depend on their host machinery to glycosylate their proteins. Chloroviruses encode several genes involved in glycan biosynthesis and some of their capsid proteins are decorated with N-linked oligosaccharides with unique features. Here we describe the elucidation of the N-glycan structure of an unusual chlorovirus, NE-JV-1, that belongs to the Pbi group.

Prophage-mediated defence against viral attack and viral counter-defence.

Temperate phages are common, and prophages are abundant residents of sequenced bacterial genomes. Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis, encompass substantial genetic diversity and are commonly temperate. Characterization of ten Cluster N temperate mycobacteriophages revealed at least five distinct prophage-expressed viral defence systems that interfere with the infection of lytic and temperate phages that are either closely related (homotypic defence) or unrelated (heterotypic defence) to the prophage.

The Effects of Eccentric, Velocity-Based Training on Strength and Power in Collegiate Athletes.

The purpose of this study was to determine if combining velocity-based training with eccentric focus (VEB) and velocity-based training (VBT) results in power and strength gains. Nineteen men and women collegiate track and field athletes participated in this study. The subjects completed a 12-week intervention with either a VEB program or a VBT program.