Correlation of clinical and chest radiograph findings in pediatric submersion cases.

Background: Submersion injuries are a leading cause of injury death in children in the United States. The clinical course of a submersion patient varies depending on the presence of anoxic brain injury and acute respiratory failure.

Objective: We studied changes in clinical findings and chest radiograph findings and determined the sensitivity/specificity of the presenting chest radiograph in predicting clinical improvement within the first 24 h in pediatric submersion cases.

Invasive Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans infections in pediatric patients: Analysis of 55 cases from FungiScope® and the literature.

Objectives: Current knowledge on infections caused by Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans in children is scarce. We therefore aim to provide an overview of risk groups, clinical manifestation and treatment strategies of these infections.

[Malignant Transformation of Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Cyst:A Case Report].

Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign cystic lesions that typically exhibit slow growth. Their malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma is rare. We report a 77-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of a near-drowning incident due to a seizure sustained in her bathtub.

BET 2: CT head in investigation of near drowning.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether patients presenting to the emergency department after a near drowning should have a CT head scan as part of their initial assessment. A search of the literature found only three studies directly relevant to the question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated.

BET 1: cervical spine immobilisation in the management of drowning victims.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether patients presenting to the emergency department after a near drowning should have cervical spine immobilisation. A search of the literature found only three studies directly relevant to the question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated.

Better Groundwork Can Avoid Troubled Waters: A Developing Country Perspective on Drowning.

Objective: Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury-related death in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study was undertaken to know the epidemiology, intensive care needs and predictors of outcome of children with drowning.

Methods: Records of children below 12 years admitted with drowning to the emergency room and/or paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital in North India were retrospectively analysed.

Impact of trauma designation levels on survival of drowning victims: An observational study from trauma centers in the United States.

Drowning causes significant morbidity and mortality. Healthcare regionalization aims at improving patient outcomes. This study examines the impact of trauma center level designation on survival of drowning victims.

A VIM-1 positive strain in a near-drowning patient: evidence for interspecies plasmid transfer within the patient.

To show that a strain of became resistant to carbapenems by interspecies transfer of a plasmid using long-read sequencing. Whole genome sequencing of the four isolates was done using Illumina Hiseq, while the plasmid was reconstructed using the MinION sequencer. The resistome was identified with ResFinder.

Prevalence of near-death experiences in people with and without REM sleep intrusion.

Background: The origin and prevalence of near-death experiences are unknown. A recent study suggested a link with REM sleep intrusion but was criticized for its selection of control participants. We therefore assessed the association of REM intrusion and near-death experiences with different methods.

George Washington Frost Mellen and Resuscitation with Nitrous Oxide in 1847.

In The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal of 1847 (later to be called The New England Journal of Medicine), Boston chemist George Washington Frost Mellen claimed that inhaled nitrous oxide gas supports human life in the manner of oxygen gas, and he proposed the use of nitrous oxide in resuscitation from drowning and from carbon monoxide poisoning. The claim was reprinted in at least one dental journal and was long cited as justification for the use of 100% nitrous oxide for inhaled anesthesia. Advocates included anesthesia pioneer and painless dentist Gardner Quincy Colton.

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of fatal drowning in children under 5 years old in Hunan Province, China: case-control study.

Background: Drowning is still the primary cause of death in children under 5 years old, however, little is known about the drowning of Hunan province children. This study identifies the previously unpublished incidence and characteristics of fatal drowning in children of Hunan Province, and provide a basis for formulating strategies for children's survival, development and protection.

Methods: Data were collected through sampling with the multistage stratified cluster.

Predictors for hospital admission of asymptomatic to moderately symptomatic children after drowning.

Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related death worldwide, but there are limited data on the management and disposition of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic adults and children following a drowning event. Some authors have recommended admission for all drowning victims due to the possibility of respiratory and clinical deterioration in a seemingly well patient. In order to identify predictors for admission and to establish a unified approach for management, we retrospectively collected all children ≤ 16 years old presented following a drowning event to the pediatric ED over a period of 12 years.

Association of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to drowning in Japan, 2013-2016.

Background: Early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by bystanders is essential in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to primary cardiac cause. However, evidence about the effect of bystander CPR on neurologically favorable survival after OHCA due to drowning is scarce and controversial.

Methods: This nationwide population-based observational study using prospectively collected government-led registry data included patients with OHCA due to drowning who were transported to an emergency hospital between 2013 and 2016.

S.A.F.E.R. Near Water: An Intervention Targeting Parent Beliefs About Children's Water Safety.

Objective: The current study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate the S.A.F.

Quantitative EEG predicts outcomes in children after cardiac arrest.

Objective: To determine whether quantitative EEG (QEEG) features predict neurologic outcomes in children after cardiac arrest.

Methods: We performed a single-center prospective observational study of 87 consecutive children resuscitated and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after cardiac arrest. Full-array conventional EEG data were obtained as part of clinical management.

Epinephrine at 25°C Core Body Temperature and During Rewarming: Case Report of Successful Infant Resuscitation After Cold Water Submersion.

Epinephrine plays a controversial role in accidental hypothermia (<30°C). We report its use in the advanced life support of a 13-month-old white girl with pulseless electrical activity and 25°C core body temperature after 32 minutes of submersion in a fast-running Swiss mountain stream at 8°C. Two doses of epinephrine (10 μg/kg) were given in the field, followed by 12 doses (10 μg/kg) and an infusion of 0.

Near-drowning: new perspectives for human hypoxic acute kidney injury.

Concepts regarding hypoxic acute kidney injury (AKI) are derived from widely used warm ischemia-reflow (WIR) models, characterized by extensive proximal tubular injury and associated with profound inflammation. However, there is ample clinical and experimental data indicating that hypoxic AKI may develop without total cessation of renal blood flow, with a different injury pattern that principally affects medullary thick limbs in the outer medulla. This injury pattern likely reflects an imbalance between blood and oxygen supply and oxygen expenditure, principally for tubular transport.

Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome in Children after Near-Drowning: Long-Term Outcome and Impact on the Families.

Among 131 children admitted to our institution for early phase rehabilitation after freshwater near-drowning (ND) between the year 1986 and 2000, 87 were in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) for at least 4 weeks after the accidents. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to the families after 0.5 to 15.

Fatal shark attacks on divers in Australia, 1960-2017.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the number, location and characteristics associated with fatal shark attacks on divers in Australian waters from 1960 to 2017, inclusive.

Methods: Searches were made of the Divers Alert Network Asia-Pacific Diving Mortality Database; the International Shark Attack File website; the Australian Shark Attack File and the Global Shark Attack File to identify cases of fatal shark attacks on divers in Australia. In addition, a systematic search of published medical and sporting literature was conducted to identify relevant reports.