A Clinical Evaluation of Cone-beam Computed Tomography: Implications for Endodontic Microsurgery.

Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool for endodontics. Some studies report that CBCT images have limitations in representing the true clinical presentation. This prospective, in vivo study compared limited field of view (LFOV) CBCT measurements with clinical measurements made during endodontic surgery.

Combating an invisible enemy: the American military response to global pandemics.

The present moment is not the first time that America has found itself at war with a pathogen during a time of international conflict. Between crowded barracks at home and trenches abroad, wartime conditions helped enable the spread of influenza in the fall of 1918 during World War I such that an estimated 20-40% of U.S.

Laryngotracheal injuries after intubation in pediatric seizure patients: A case series and a review of the literature.

Acute management of seizures may require intubation with an endotracheal tube (ETT) in addition to benzodiazepine administration. Although necessary for management at times, intubation can lead to laryngotracheal injury as has been reported at length in both the adult and pediatric populations. A review of the literature shows no prior reports of laryngotracheal injuries following intubation in actively seizing pediatric patients.

Air transportation over-utilization in pediatric trauma patients.

Background: Air transportation can be a life-saving transfer modality for trauma patients. However, it is also costly and carries risk for air-crews and patients. We sought to examine the incidence of air transportation among pediatric trauma patients as well as the rate of over-triage in utilizing this intervention.

Benign adenoidal hypertrophy caused by adenovirus presenting as a nasopharyngeal mass concerning for malignancy.

Benign adenoidal hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasopharyngeal obstruction. However, depending on size and location, masses may cause nasopharyngeal obstruction. We present our experiences with a ten-year-old female who presented with what appeared to be a large nasopharyngeal mass that was initially favored to be malignant and was ultimately found to be adenoid hypertrophy related to acute infection with adenovirus.

Pediatric firearm injuries: A Midwest experience.

Introduction: Firearm injuries remain a significant public health concern. As a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center with a wide and diverse catchment, we sought to define our own experience as well as identify the affected patient population.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted utilizing our institution's trauma registry including all pediatric patients (age ≤ 17 years) who presented with a firearm injury between 2012 and 2017.

Antigenicity and immune correlate assessment of seven Plasmodium falciparum antigens in a longitudinal infant cohort from northern Ghana.

The current global malaria control and elimination agenda requires development of additional effective disease intervention tools. Discovery and characterization of relevant parasite antigens is important for the development of new diagnostics and transmission monitoring tools and for subunit vaccine development. This study assessed the natural antibody response profile of seven novel Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens and their potential association with protection against clinical malaria.

Does manual therapy improve pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis? A systematic review.

Objective: To assess if manual therapy (MT) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis (PF) patients improves pain and function more effectively than other interventions.

Methods: A systematic review of all randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of MT in the treatment of human patients with PF, plantar fasciosis, and heel pain published in English on PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Research quality was appraised utilizing the PEDro scale.

The effects of slow-paced versus mechanically assisted breathing on autonomic function in fibromyalgia patients.

Paced breathing has shown efficacy in fibromyalgia (FM), but the mechanisms associated with symptom change are largely unknown. We investigated whether changes in respiratory rate (RR) alone resulted in autonomic changes during normal, paced, and mechanically assisted breathing in untrained FM patients and controls. Participants included 20 FM patients and 14 controls matched for age and body mass index.

Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are one continuous developmental and lineage defined biological process.

Although chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are considered as two separate processes during endochondral bone formation after birth, recent studies have demonstrated the direct cell transformation from chondrocytes into bone cells in postnatal bone growth. Here we use cell lineage tracing and multiple in vivo approaches to study the role of Bmpr1a in endochondrogenesis. Our data showed profound changes in skeletal shape, size and structure when Bmpr1a was deleted using Aggrecan-Cre in early cartilage cells with a one-time tamoxifen injection.

Surface electromyography and plantar pressure during walking in young adults with chronic ankle instability.

Purpose: Lateral ankle sprains are common and can manifest into chronic ankle instability (CAI) resulting in altered gait mechanics that may lead to subsequent ankle sprains. Our purpose was to simultaneously analyse muscle activation patterns and plantar pressure distribution during walking in young adults with and without CAI.

Methods: Seventeen CAI and 17 healthy subjects walked on a treadmill at 4.

Oxidative stress damage-associated molecular signaling pathways differentiate spontaneous preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of the membranes.

Study Hypothesis: In women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM), increased oxidative stress may accelerate premature cellular senescence, senescence-associated inflammation and proteolysis, which may predispose them to rupture.

Study Finding: We demonstrate mechanistic differences between preterm birth (PTB) and PPROM by revealing differences in fetal membrane redox status, oxidative stress-induced damage, distinct signaling pathways and senescence activation.

What Is Known Already: Oxidative stress-associated fetal membrane damage and cell cycle arrest determine adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous PTB and PPROM.

Economic Burden of Dengue Virus Infection at the Household Level Among Residents of Puerto Maldonado, Peru.

Dengue virus (DENV) was reintroduced to Peru in the 1990s and has been reported in Puerto Maldonado (population ~65,000) in the Peruvian southern Amazon basin since 2000. This region also has the highest human migration rate in the country, mainly from areas not endemic for DENV. The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of household income that is diverted to costs incurred because of dengue illness and to compare these expenses between recent migrants (RMs) and long-term residents (LTRs).

Supervised rehabilitation versus home exercise in the treatment of acute ankle sprains: a systematic review.

In competitive sports medicine, supervised rehabilitation is the standard of care; in the general population, unsupervised home exercise is more common. We systematically reviewed randomized, controlled trials comparing outcomes for supervised rehabilitation versus home exercise programs. Supervised rehabilitation programs resulted in (1) less pain and subjective instability, (2) greater gains in ankle strength and joint position sense, and (3) inconclusive results regarding prevention of recurrent ankle sprains.

Permanent retinal injury from recreational laser pointer.

This case report was performed to display the visually significant damage to the retina that can occur with brief exposure to a handheld laser pointer. Laser use in the military is ever increasing in form of target designators, rangefinders, or radar warning systems with powers far greater than used in this case. There is great potential for future cases of retinal damage among active duty members, and the importance of prevention through laser safety programs and recognition through trained medical personnel is paramount.

The outpatient management and special considerations of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

With 50-90% of pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), the burden of illness can become quite significant if symptoms are under-treated and/or under-diagnosed, thus allowing for progression of the disease. The majority of these women will necessitate at least one visit with a provider to specifically address NVP, and up to 10% or greater will require pharmacotherapy after failure of conservative measures to adequately control symptoms. As a result, initiation of prompt and effective treatment in the outpatient setting is ideal.

Global health diplomacy training for military medical researchers.

Given the unprecedented growth of global health initiatives in the past decade, informal diplomacy between technical partners plays an increasingly important role in shaping opportunities and outcomes. This article describes a course developed and executed specifically to equip U.S.

Epidemiology of contemporary seroincident HIV infection in the Navy and Marine corps.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection continues at a steady rate among U.S. Sailors and Marines.