Early development history of Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA).

The development of Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) began in the 1970s as Dr. Scott was attempting to identify an injectable substance that would weaken the extraocular eye muscles in patients with strabismus as an alternative to muscle surgery. This search led to botulinum toxin type A, which was tested and developed over the next 15 years.

Congenital internal jugular venous aneurysm: diagnosis and treatment.

The diagnosis, preoperative work-up, and treatment of a neck mass can be extensive and complex. We report a case of an adolescent female who presented with a soft compressible mass in her neck that became more prominent during phonation (singing). Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed this mass to be an isolated dilation of the internal jugular vein.

Frontal sagittal meningioma: tumor parasitization of cortical vasculature as the etiology of peritumoral edema. Case report.

Peritumoral edema surrounding meningiomas is poorly understood; however, several theories have been proposed in the literature. A case is presented here of a frontal sagittal meningioma symmetrically effacing both frontal lobes that subsequently evokes peritumoral edema on only one side. The tumor is histologically identical on the left and right sides.

Triage of American combat casualties: the need for change.

United States military medical planning must reevaluate the practices of combat casualty resuscitation, transportation, and triage to secondary echelon care. Analysis of the experiences of other medical commands, such as that of the Israeli Defense Force, offers insight into improvements in equipment and training that are achievable with minimal cost. Training programs must involve formal instruction in Advanced Trauma Life Support for the combat corpsman, and ongoing experience in trauma surgery for personnel who are placed in the role of military surgeons.

Illness and injury among U.S. prisoners of war from Operation Desert Storm.

United States prisoners of war had to endure a variety of medical problems during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. All but one of the prisoners suffered some form of injury or illness. Orthopedic injuries were most common.

Wartime amputations.

The development of amputation surgery has closely paralleled progress in combat casualty care. Since the Civil War, care at hospitals close to the front lines has been improved by advances in both medical care (safer anesthesia, antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation) and medical field service (field hospitals and evacuation of the wounded). This progress has helped reduce the morbidity and mortality of all combat casualties.

Spontaneous thrombosis of posterior cerebral artery aneurysm with angiographic reappearance. Case report.

The case is presented of a 23-year-old man suffering ischemic brain infarction from spontaneous thrombosis of a left posterior cerebral artery P1-P2 junction aneurysm. Vasospasm and/or partial parent vessel occlusion were documented by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and angiography. Repeat cerebral angiography and MR imaging 3 months later revealed patency of the posterior cerebral artery and luminal filling of a 1-cm fusiform aneurysm, which was successfully trapped at surgery.

Handcuff neuropathy among U.S. prisoners of war from Operation Desert Storm.

Handcuff neuropathy was the most common neurologic problem acquired by U.S. prisoners of war during Operation Desert Storm.

Multidirectional shoulder instability. Clinical results of inferior capsular shift in an active-duty population.

We reviewed the results of a capsular shift procedure performed on 10 active-duty patients with an average of 28 months follow-up. Improvement in pain, function, and stability occurred postoperatively in nearly all patients. Loss of total elevation and external rotation were minimal and an average of three spinal segments of internal rotation were lost.

Mason type II radial head fractures: operative versus nonoperative treatment.

The most appropriate treatment of Mason type II radial head fractures remains controversial. Recommended treatment has included closed reduction and immobilization, resection, or open reduction and internal fixation. The cases of 29 Mason type II radial head fractures treated at Naval Hospital Oakland from 1983 to 1989 were identified.

Arthroscopy in patients with recalcitrant retropatellar pain syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to determine the arthroscopic findings in patients with recalcitrant retropatellar pain syndrome (RPPS) and correlate them with the patient's long-term clinical course. All patients undergoing arthroscopy for recalcitrant retropatellar pain syndrome were evaluated. Patients were excluded from the study if there was any history consistent with a meniscal or cruciate injury or if they had previously had knee surgery.