Estimation of the health risks associated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations found onboard older U.S. Navy vessels.

PCBs have been identified on surfaces and in component materials and equipment from inactive U.S. Navy nuclear submarines commissioned prior to 1970.

Treatment of spontaneous and chemically induced EEG paroxysms in the Fischer-344 rat with traditional antiepileptic drugs or AED+CGP 35348 polytherapy.

Twenty-four Fischer-344 rats implanted with cortical electroencephalograph (EEG) electrodes were evaluated for frequency, duration, and mean duration (duration/frequency) of both spontaneous and chemically induced spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) during earlier and later adulthood. Fischer-344 rats, exhibiting a low level of spontaneous SWDs during earlier adulthood, progressed to exhibit a significantly larger number and duration of SWDs during later adulthood. The convulsant trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP), known to antagonize the GABAA inhibitory system through blockade of the chloride channel, induced or increased SWDs in every rat tested.

A review of the effects of uranium and depleted uranium exposure on reproduction and fetal development.

Depleted uranium (DU) is used in armor-penetrating munitions, military vehicle armor, and aircraft, ship and missile counterweighting/ballasting, as well as in a number of other military and commercial applications. Recent combat applications of DU alloy [i.e.

Characterization of particulate matter in carbon-graphite/epoxy advanced composite material smoke.

The physical and chemical properties of the particulate fraction of carbon-graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (cgeACM) smoke were measured to address concerns regarding potential health hazards posed by the release of fibers during pyrolysis of this material. Filter, low-pressure cascade impactor, and electrostatic precipitator samples were collected from cgeACM smoke in which the aerosol concentration ranged from 0.20 to 5.

Radio frequency chaff: the effects of its use in training on the environment.

Chaff is a radiofrequency countermeasure released by military aircraft, ships, and vehicles to confuse enemy radar. Chaff consists of aluminum-coated glass fibers ranging in lengths from 0.8 to 0.

Exposure assessment and the health of deployed forces.

The risk assessment process is a critical function for military Deployment Toxicology research objectives, emphasizing improved health protection of deployed forces. Reliable risk assessment methodology is essential for decision making related to risk reduction procedures during combat deployment, as well as during routine occupational activities. Such decision making must be based upon quality science that both guides sound judgments in risk characterization and management, and provides necessary health protection tools.

Effect of Navy chaff release on aluminum levels in an area of the Chesapeake Bay.

The U.S. Navy uses aluminized glass chaff as a passive countermeasure for radar-guided threats to aircraft and surface ships.

Airway reactivity response to aged carbon-graphite/epoxy composite material smoke.

Exposure of naïve guinea pigs for a total of 30 min to aged smoke from pyrolysis of 5, 10 and 100 g of carbon-graphite/epoxy-advanced composite material (cgeCM) elicited changes in the ventilation and breathing pattern reminiscent of an acute, asthmatic episode. The severity of these responses was dose related. Although breathing pattern changes were not definitive of stimulation by a single type of respiratory irritant, non-dimensional indices derived from breath structure appeared to be characteristic of bronchoconstriction possibly complicated by CO(2)-stimulated ventilation.

Effects of repeated exposure of rats to JP-5 or JP-8 jet fuel vapor on neurobehavioral capacity and neurotransmitter levels.

The U.S. Naval Service is anticipating transition from the nearly exclusive use of JP-5 jet fuel to predominant use of JP-8, consistent with the primary utilization by the U.

Reduction of motor seizures in rats induced by the ethyl bicyclophosphate trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP).

1. Trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) is a potent cage convulsant, reported to act through binding to the picrotoxinin and/or benzodiazepine receptor sites of the gamma-aminobutyricA (GABA(A)) ionophore complex. 2.

Application of neurobehavioral toxicology methods to the military deployment toxicology assessment program.

The military Tri-Service (Army, Navy & Marines, Air Force) Deployment Toxicology Assessment Program (DTAP) represents a 30-year (1996-2026) planning effort to implement comprehensive systems for the protection of internationally deployed troops against toxicant exposures. A major objective of DTAP is the implementation of a global surveillance system to identify chemicals with the potential to reduce human performance capacity. Implementation requires prior development of complex human risk assessment models, known collectively as the Neurobehavioral Toxicity Evaluation Instrument (NTEI), based on mathematical interpolation of results from tissue-based and in vivo animal studies validated by human performance assessment research.