4,233 results match your criteria: "Nature chemical biology[Journal]"
Nat Chem Biol
December 2024
Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
The ability to generate orthogonal, active tRNAs-central to genetic code expansion and reprogramming-is still fundamentally limited. In this study, we developed Chi-T, a method for the de novo generation of orthogonal tRNAs. Chi-T segments millions of isoacceptor tRNA sequences into parts and then assembles chimeric tRNAs from these parts.
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December 2024
Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nat Chem Biol
December 2024
Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Nat Chem Biol
December 2024
Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Protein function relies on sequence, folding and post-translational modification and molecular measurements are commonly used to reveal these structural features. Here, we report an alternative approach that represents these molecular features as readily measurable electronic patterns and validate this experimental approach by detecting structural perturbations commonly encountered during protein biomanufacturing. We studied a monoclonal antibody standard (from the National Institute of Standards and Technology) and focused on the electronic detection of variants that have undergone interchain disulfide bond reduction and methionine oxidation.
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November 2024
Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Mitochondria contain a 16-kb double stranded DNA genome encoding 13 proteins essential for respiration, but the mechanisms regulating transcription and their potential role in cancer remain elusive. Although methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins are essential for nuclear transcription, their role in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription is unknown. Here we report that the MBD2c splicing variant translocates into mitochondria to mediate mtDNA transcription and increase mitochondrial respiration in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.
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November 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Nat Chem Biol
November 2024
Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) represent the largest class of human deubiquitinases (DUBs) and comprise its phylogenetically most distant members USP53 and USP54, which are annotated as catalytically inactive pseudoenzymes. Conspicuously, mutations within the USP domain of USP53 cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Here, we report the discovery that USP53 and USP54 are active DUBs with high specificity for K63-linked polyubiquitin.
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November 2024
Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
The post-translational modification of intracellular proteins through O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a conserved regulatory mechanism in multicellular organisms. Catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), this dynamic modification has an essential role in signal transduction, gene expression, organelle function and systemic physiology. Here, we present Opto-OGT, an optogenetic probe that allows for precise spatiotemporal control of OGT activity through light stimulation.
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November 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Nat Chem Biol
November 2024
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nat Chem Biol
December 2024
Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Chem Biol
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Center for Excellence of Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Lignocellulosic ethanol is produced by yeast fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates generated by chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of plant cell walls. The conversion of xylose into ethanol in hydrolysates containing microbial inhibitors is a major bottleneck in biofuel production. We identified sodium salts as the primary yeast inhibitors, and evolved a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain overexpressing xylose catabolism genes in xylose or glucose-mixed medium containing sodium salts.
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October 2024
Disease Networks Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
The gene-regulatory dynamics governing drug responses in cancer are yet to be fully understood. Here, we report a pipeline capable of producing high-throughput pharmacotranscriptomic profiling through live-cell barcoding using antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates. This pipeline combines drug screening with 96-plex single-cell RNA sequencing.
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October 2024
Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK.
Nat Chem Biol
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nat Chem Biol
December 2024
Centre for Targeted Protein Degradation, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Nat Chem Biol
October 2024
Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Metabolic incorporation of chemically tagged monosaccharides is a facile means of tagging cellular glycoproteins and glycolipids. However, since the monosaccharide precursors are often shared by several pathways, selectivity has been difficult to attain. For example, N-linked glycosylation is a chemically complex and ubiquitous posttranslational modification, with three distinct classes of GlcNAc-containing N-glycan structures: oligomannose, hybrid and complex.
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October 2024
William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Nat Chem Biol
November 2024
Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Nat Chem Biol
October 2024
Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Covalent modulators and covalent degrader molecules have emerged as drug modalities with tremendous therapeutic potential. Toward realizing this potential, mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomic screens have generated proteome-wide maps of potential druggable cysteine residues. However, beyond these direct cysteine-target maps, the full scope of direct and indirect activities of these molecules on cellular processes and how such activities contribute to reported modes of action, such as degrader activity, remains to be fully understood.
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October 2024
Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nat Chem Biol
October 2024
Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Synthetic glycans (SGs) containing glycosidic linkages and structures not identified in nature offer a means for deliberately altering microbial community properties. Here pools of SG oligosaccharides were generated via polymerization of monosaccharides and screened for their ability to increase saccharolytic Bacteroides in ex vivo cultures of human fecal samples. A lead SG preparation was orally administered to gnotobiotic mice harboring a consortium of 56 cultured, phylogenetically diverse human gut bacteria and fed a Western diet.
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