Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants Treated With Laser vs Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Importance: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has potential ocular and systemic advantages compared with laser, but we believe the systemic risks of anti-VEGF therapy in preterm infants are poorly quantified.

Objective: To determine whether there was an association with increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in preterm infants with ROP following treatment with anti-VEGF therapy as compared with laser treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter retrospective cohort study took place at neonatal intensive care units of 48 children's hospitals in the US in the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2010 to 2020.

Sleep, cognition and executive functioning in young children with cerebral palsy.

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at higher risk for sleep disturbances than their typically developing peers. In typically developing young children, lack of sufficient sleep results in deficits in cognition, behavior and executive functioning. Unfortunately, research on sleep in infancy rarely focuses on children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Right ventricular performance using myocardial deformation imaging in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: Right ventricular (RV) performance among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that myocardial deformation imaging (MDI) strain and strain rate would allow for differentiation between infants with severe and milder forms of BPD, independent of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and superior to conventional echocardiographic measurements.

Study Design: Infants with various severities of BPD (11 with none or mild, 13 with moderate and 10 with severe) underwent conventional echocardiography, TDI and MDI assessments at >36 weeks of corrected gestational age.