EMYWAY Workplace-Based Entrustable Professional Activities Assessments in Otolaryngology Residency Training: A Nationwide Experience.

Objective: To present workplace-based entrustable professional activities (EPAs) assessment data from the first 2 years of the EMYWAY platform in otolaryngology residency training in Taiwan.

Study Design: Two-year cross-sectional study.

Setting: Otolaryngology training programs.

How many cases do young pediatric surgeons need to experience to achieve autonomy in performing pediatric endoscopic surgery? A nationwide survey to establish an ideal curriculum for pediatric endoscopic surgery in Japan.

Purpose: To ensure the safe prevalence of pediatric endoscopic surgery in Japan, a training curriculum should be established. In addition, the number of pediatric surgical cases is decreasing due to the decreasing birth rate in Japan, and it is necessary to clarify the number of surgical cases required for young pediatric surgeons to achieve autonomy in pediatric endoscopic surgery.

Methods: An online nationwide survey was conducted among young pediatric surgeons with 3-15 years of clinical experience in Japan.

A nationwide cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia for the assessment of understanding and practices of clinicians towards personalized genetic testing.

In order to plan and facilitate the culture of personalized / precision medicine in medical practices within any healthcare institution, it is requisite for healthcare professionals like clinicians to have a clear understanding and approach towards the practices of personalized genetic testing. This nationwide cross-sectional study aimed to measure the perceptions and knowledge of clinicians towards personalized genetic testing and assess their current practices of personalized genetic testing in clinical settings through an online self-administered questionnaire in Saudi Arabia. The results of the study revealed that almost two-fifths of participants were responsible for ordering genetic tests directly (39.

Differential effects of fine particulate matter constituents on acute coronary syndrome onset.

Fine particulate matter has been linked with acute coronary syndrome. Nevertheless, the key constituents remain unclear. Here, we conduct a nationwide case-crossover study in China during 2015-2021 to quantify the associations between fine particulate matter constituents (organic matter, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium) and acute coronary syndrome, and to identify the critical contributors.

Patient and parent knowledge, understanding, and concerns after a new diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos syndrome.

Introduction: After diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS), it is unclear what information patients and parents need and understand about EDS. The objective of this study is to characterize patient and parent knowledge and concerns about EDS after a diagnosis of EDS is made to determine patient and parent concerns and identify barriers that cause discomfort with the diagnosis.6 METHODS: A convenience sample of patient and parent dyads were recruited after new diagnosis of EDS.

Women and the Heart: Webcast April 16 2024.

This 62-minute webcast features a conversation about "Women and the Heart: Gender-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Care"-the focus of Issue 20.2. Led by the issue's editor, the discussion engages the authors on emerging themes and lessons learned while researching and writing the articles.

Reducing Sedation for Pediatric Thoracic CT Imaging Using Volumetric Target-mode EKG Gating.

Introduction: Many children require sedation for imaging. We aimed to reduce sedation for thoracic (chest and cardiac) computed tomography (CT) scans in children 0-4 years old from 65% to 20% by December 2018 and to sustain.

Methods: We counted baseline, intervention, and a follow-up period thoracic CT scans performed with sedation in children 0-4 years old.

Prevalence and outcomes of arthritis in pediatric IBD: A multicenter study from the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition.

Background And Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and disease outcomes of arthritis in a nationwide cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We collected data of pediatric IBD patients experiencing arthritis from the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition IBD registry. We gathered baseline and one-year follow-up data on concomitant IBD and arthritis diagnosis.

The Feasibility of Personalized Endpoints in Assessing Treatment Outcomes in Rare Disease: A Pilot Study of Goal Attainment Scaling in SCN2A-Associated Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Objectives: For individuals living with rare neurodevelopmental disorders, especially those who are at the most severe end of the spectrum, standardized outcome measures may lack the sensitivity to capture small but meaningful changes. Personalized endpoints such as Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) allow the assessment of treatment response across variable baseline states and disease manifestations and thus provide a highly sensitive measure of efficacy. The current study tested the feasibility of using GAS in rare SCN2A-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (SCN2A-DEE).

Resazurin dye is an in vivo sensor of kidney tubular function.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the main functional index of kidney health and disease. Currently, no methods are available to directly measure tubular mass and function. Here, we report a serendipitous finding that the in vitro cell viability dye resazurin can be used in mice as an exogenous sensor of tubular function.

Changes in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management and Outcomes in Infants Born at 26 to 28 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: To investigate the association between the secular decrease in treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA ) and trends in neonatal mortality and morbidity in infants born at 26 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study including infants born between 2012 and 2021 in continually participating hospitals in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. The primary composite outcome was defined as surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, grade 2-3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, or death.

Emergency department utilization patterns for pediatric urinary stone patients in the United States.

Background: The prevalence of pediatric urolithiasis has increased rapidly, leading to more emergency department (ED) visits across the United States.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine emergency care practices for children and adolescents with urinary stones and characteristics associated with management.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of the 2021 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample to identify pediatric patients (≤21 years) presenting to an ED in the United States with a primary diagnosis of urinary stone disease.

Missed Opportunity for Initial Diagnosis in Children With Complex Appendicitis.

Objectives: Delayed diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children may result in complex appendicitis with appendiceal perforation. Delayed diagnosis can result from missed opportunity for initial diagnosis (MOID) despite medical attention. Studies report MOID of less than 5% in pediatric emergency departments (EDs), but we hypothesized that many MOID occurs outside tertiary care facilities.

Feasibility of newborn screening for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.

Background: Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1) is a developmental epileptic encephalopathy historically characterized by seizures that are resistant to antiseizure medications. Treatment with pyridoxine and lysine reduction therapies are associated with seizure control and improved developmental outcomes. In rare circumstances, patients have died prior to diagnosis and treatment with pyridoxine, and many patients are diagnosed after six months of age when lysine reduction therapies have limited efficacy.

Discovery of novel TACE inhibitors using graph convolutional network, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and Biological evaluation.

The increasing utilization of deep learning models in drug repositioning has proven to be highly efficient and effective. In this study, we employed an integrated deep-learning model followed by traditional drug screening approach to screen a library of FDA-approved drugs, aiming to identify novel inhibitors targeting the TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). TACE, also known as ADAM17, plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response by converting pro-TNF-α to its active soluble form and cleaving other inflammatory mediators, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

MtlD as a therapeutic target for intestinal and systemic bacterial infections.

Unlabelled: The ability to treat infections is threatened by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microbes. Therefore, new antimicrobials are needed. Here we evaluate mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (MtlD) as a potential new drug target.

Clinical effects of pediatric commercial food-based formulas: A systematic review.

Blenderized tube feeding (BTF) uses a feeding tube to deliver blended whole foods directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) system and has had renewed interest over the last two decades. This was initially delivered in the form of homemade BTF (HBTF) and led to the development of commercial food-based formula (CFBF). The safety and clinical outcome data for CFBF are limited.

Neuroinflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic targets in neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Background: Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a severe complication in premature infants following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). It is characterized by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation, disrupted CSF dynamics, and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), leading to significant neurological impairments.

Objective: This review provides an overview of recent molecular insights into the pathophysiology of PHH and evaluates emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing its underlying mechanisms.

Tianeptine Exposures Reported to United States Poison Centers, 2015-2023.

Introduction: Tianeptine is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant not approved for medical use in the US but is found in dietary supplements. This study investigates single-substance tianeptine exposures reported to US poison centers.

Methods: We analyzed cases involving tianeptine reported to the National Poison Data System from 2015 to 2023.

Molecular Testing for the World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors: A Review.

Importance: Molecular techniques, including next-generation sequencing, genomic copy number profiling, fusion transcript detection, and genomic DNA methylation arrays, are now indispensable tools for the workup of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Yet there remains a great deal of heterogeneity in using such biomarker testing across institutions and hospital systems. This is in large part because there is a persistent reluctance among third-party payers to cover molecular testing.

Corrigendum: Radiotherapy and breast cancer: finally, an lncRNA perspective on radiosensitivity and radioresistance.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.

Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in sv. Typhi.

Introduction: Typhoid fever is an infectious disease primarily caused by sv. Typhi ( Typhi), a bacterium that causes as many as 20 million infections and 600,000 deaths annually. Asymptomatic chronic carriers of S.

Employing splice-switching oligonucleotides and AAVrh74.U7 snRNA to target insulin receptor splicing and cancer hallmarks in osteosarcoma.

Patients with osteosarcoma (OS), a debilitating pediatric bone malignancy, have limited treatment options to combat aggressive disease. OS thrives on insulin growth factor (IGF)-mediated signaling that can facilitate cell proliferation. Previous efforts to target IGF-1R signaling were mostly unsuccessful, likely due to compensatory signaling through alternative splicing of the insulin receptor () to the proliferative isoform.