Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks associated with Coxsackievirus A-24 in India, 2023.

Objective: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), commonly called pink eye, saw an alarming increase in incidence from July to September 2023 in different parts of India. Pink eye occurrences had reportedly increased three to four times more than in prior years, raising concerns among the community and healthcare professionals. This study aimed to identify the aetiological agent associated with AHC in 2023, genetically characterize the agent and describe the clinical presentation.

Proteomic Analysis of Anticancer Effect of Myo-inositol in Human Prostate Cancer (DU-145) Cell Line.

Objective: This study investigated the potential anticancer properties of Myo-inositol on the DU-145 prostate cancer cell line.

Methods: The DU-145 cells have been treated to different doses of Myo-inositol in order to ascertain the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) using the trypan blue exclusion assay. The impact of Myo-inositol on proteomic profiles was evaluated using 2D gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Diabetic retinopathy: A review on its pathophysiology and novel treatment modalities.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body, including in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), present in one-third of patients with diabetes, is a vision-threatening complication caused by uncontrolled diabetes, which greatly affects the retinal blood vessels and the light-sensitive inner retina, eventually leading to blindness. Several epidemiological studies elucidate that DR can vary by age of onset, duration, types of diabetes, and ethnicity.

Use of selective laser capsulotomy for mature white cataracts: Initial experience in Indian eyes.

Purpose: To report the initial experience of performing capsulotomy in eyes with mature white cataracts using selective laser capsulotomy (SLC) in Indian eyes.

Methods: This was a prospective, noncomparative, open-label study. All adults presenting to our institution with mature cataracts whose pupils dilated >6 mm and who were willing for phacoemulsification were invited to participate.

Penetrating brain injury through the cavernous sinus by chopsticks in Vienamese: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Penetrating brain injuries from chopsticks are exceedingly rare, often documented through case reports. Management strategies are tailored to individual cases, with a focus on mitigating postoperative complications.

Case Presentation: A 33-year-old male presented with a chopstick lodged in his right eye.

Iatrogenic macular hole following PFCL injection: Implications of retinal dimpling as an intraoperative indicator.

Background: Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) revolutionized retinal detachment (RD) management in vitreoretinal surgery but introduced unique risks. Complications like subretinal migration are documented, yet specific warnings for macular hole (MH) formation during PFCL injection are lacking.

Case Presentation: In a rhegmatogenous RD case, a localized retinal dimpling during PFCL jet stream injection, preceded subsequent complications-an immediate MH and subretinal PFCL migration.

Intraocular lens selection in diabetic patients: How to increase the odds for success.

The incidence of cataracts is significantly higher in diabetic individuals, particularly in younger age groups, with rates quadrupled in those under 65 and doubled in those over 65 compared to non-diabetics. Cataract surgery in diabetic patients poses many challenges: Poor epithelial healing, decreased corneal sensitivity, increased central corneal thickness, decreased endothelial cell count, variable topography, poor pupillary dilatation, anterior capsular phimosis, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), chances of progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), zonular weakness, and vitreous prolapse and diabetic macular edema. Selection of an appropriate intraocular lens (IOL) is crucial for visual rehabilitation and monitoring DR.

Real-life experience on the effectiveness of conjunctival flap and amniotic membrane graft in the treatment of refractory fungal corneal ulcer.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the results of the conjunctival flap (CF) and cryopreserved amniotic membrane graft (AMG) in the management of fungal corneal ulcers either with complications or non-responsive to medical treatment.

Study Design: A retrospective observational study.

Methods: Medical records of 30 patients with culture-positive fungal corneal ulcer treated with either CF or AMG (15 eyes in each group) in real world settings were retrieved for analysis.

Chandelier-assisted scleral buckle surgery - contact versus non-contact wide-angle viewing system (CAB-CNV): A retrospective, multicenter, clinical study.

Purpose: To investigate and compare the anatomic and functional outcomes of chandelier-assisted scleral buckling (CASB) surgery using contact versus non-contact lens-based wide-angle viewing systems (WAVSs) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter study evaluating the anatomic (reattachment rate) and visual acuity (VA) outcomes at 6 months post-CASB for primary RRD.

Results: Forty-seven RRD patients underwent CASB with a non-contact WAVS (Group C1) and 90 with a contact lens WAVS (Group C2).

Comparison of cognitive workload and surgical outcomes between a three-dimensional and conventional microscope macular hole surgery.

Background: Performing a surgical task subjects the surgeon to multitudinal stressors, especially with the newer 3D technology. The quantum of cognitive workload using this modern surgical system in comparison to the Conventional microscope system remains unexplored. We evaluate the surgeon's cognitive workload and the surgical outcomes of macular hole(MH) surgery performed on a 3D versus a Conventional microscope operating system.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice patterns of Indian ophthalmologists regarding medicolegal issues.

Purpose: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice patterns (KAPP) of Indian ophthalmologists regarding medicolegal issues using an initial survey.

Methods: An online form was circulated among Indian ophthalmologists of all ages over social media and email by the Young Ophthalmologists Society of India (YOSI) and its medicolegal working group. Anonymous responses were obtained and analyzed for each question.

Risk factors associated with elevated intraocular pressure: a population-based study in a rural community of Bangladesh.

Objective: High intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the major modifiable risk factors for glaucoma. The objective was to examine socio-demographic and clinical factors related to IOP.

Methods And Analysis: This study was conducted among 3097 adults residing in a rural area of Bangladesh, with all participants undergoing clinical and ophthalmological evaluations.

Retinoblastoma in Asia: Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes in 2112 Patients from 33 Countries.

Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of children who received a diagnosis of retinoblastoma in 2017 throughout Asia.

Design: Multinational, prospective study including treatment-naïve patients in Asia who received a diagnosis of retinoblastoma in 2017 and were followed up thereafter.

Participants: A total of 2112 patients (2797 eyes) from 96 retinoblastoma treatment centers in 33 Asian countries.

Colour perception develops throughout childhood with increased risk of deficiencies in children born prematurely.

Aim: To quantify the impact of prematurity on chromatic discrimination throughout childhood, from 2 to 15 years of age.

Methods: We recruited two cohorts of children, as part of the TrackAI Project, an international project with seven different study sites: a control group of full-term children with normal visual development and a group of children born prematurely. All children underwent a complete ophthalmological exam and an assessment of colour discrimination along the three colour axes: deutan, protan and trytan using a DIVE device with eye tracking technology.

Understanding the behavioral determinants that predict barriers and enablers of screening and treatment behaviors for diabetic retinopathy among Bangladeshi women: findings from a barrier analysis.

Background And Aim: While early detection and timely treatments can prevent diabetic retinopathy (DR) related blindness, barriers to receiving these DR services may cause permanent sight loss. Despite having similar prevalence to diabetes and DR, women are less likely than men to perform these behaviors due to multi-faced barriers in screening and receiving follow-up treatments for DR. This study, therefore, aimed at identifying the barriers to - and enablers of - screening and follow-up treatments behaviors for DR among women aged more than 40 years with diabetes from the behavioral perspectives in Bangladesh.

Bilateral effect following off label unilateral intravitreal brolucizumab injection in patient with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Purpose: To report a bilateral reduction in pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) after unilateral intravitreal injection (IVI) of brolucizumab.

Observations: A 64-year-old female with bilateral recalcitrant PCME was treated with one dose of intravitreal ozurdex implant and triamcinolone acetonide each in both the eyes, with an equivocal response. On switching to IVI brolucizumab in the right eye (OD), the patient showed significant improvement in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with a notable reduction in the intraretinal fluid (IRF) and central subfield thickness (CST) in both the eyes at one month.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for cataract surgery - Practice patterns amongst Indian Ophthalmologists.

Purpose: To assess the current trends in use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, especially intracameral antibiotics (ICAB), for cataract surgery in India.

Methods: This was an E-survey using a previously validated questionnaire carried out by the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) in August 2022. An E-mail invitation to complete an online 40-point survey was sent to all members of the AIOS using a digital E-mail service (Survey Monkey) and social media platforms.

Mutation spectrum of retinoblastoma patients in Vietnam.

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB), an intraocular malignancy commonly diagnosed in children, is mostly caused by inactivating mutations of both alleles of the RB1 gene. Early genetic screening for RB1 gene mutations would greatly improve treatment outcomes and patient management.

Methods: In this study, both somatic and germline mutations were detected in blood and tumour samples of 42 RB patients using direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.

Lifting the White Walker's curse-Management of Coats' disease.

Background: Coats' disease, described by George Coats in the early 1900s, is an idiopathic unilateral retinal vascular abnormality with exudation occurring in young males. It is characterized by retinal telangiectasia with intraretinal or subretinal exudation. Coats' disease is mostly diagnosed in the first to the second decade of life, with a common presentation of leukocoria.

What do retina fellows-in-training think about the vitreoretinal surgical simulator: A multicenter survey.

Purpose: To profile vitreoretinal (VR) fellows-in-training from India exposed to the Eyesi surgical simulator, to identify potential barriers to voluntary use, and enumerate the most preferred tools and tasks before incorporating them into a formal skill-transfer curriculum.

Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was designed and circulated through an online portal (surveymonkey.com) to four different institutes of India having a VR surgical fellowship program and using a functional Eyesi (Haag-Streit) simulator.

Diabetes more than retinopathy, it's effect on the anterior segment of eye.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the chronic metabolic noncommunicable diseases that has attained worldwide epidemics. It threatens healthy life around the globe, with mild-to-severe secondary complications and leads to significant illness including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and macrovascular abnormalities including peripheral vasculopathy, and ischaemic heart disease. Research into diabetic retinopathy (DR), which affects one-third of persons with diabetes, has made considerable strides in recent years.

The epidemiology and disease pattern of pediatric ocular morbidities in Western India: The National Institute of OphthalMology AmBlyopia StUdy in Indian Paediatric EyeS (NIMBUS) study report 1.

Purpose: To determine the pattern of pediatric ocular morbidities in western India.

Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal study that included all consecutive children aged ≤15 years who presented to the outpatient department of a tertiary eye center for the first time. Patient demographics, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and ocular examination data were compiled.

Predictive factors and visual outcomes after immediate pars plana vitrectomy for posteriorly dislocated lens fragments during complicated phacoemulsification surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic factors for visual outcome in patients undergoing immediate pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for posteriorly dislocated lens fragments during phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study of 37 eyes of 37 patients undergoing immediate PPV for posteriorly dislocated lens fragments from 2015 to 2021. The primary outcome measure was changes in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Chorioretinal Findings in a Patient with New-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome after Stillbirth Associated with Pre eclampsia.

Purpose: To describe chorioretinal findings in a patient with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) after a stillbirth associated with preeclampsia.

Study Design: Case report.

Results: We report a patient with new-onset SLE and APS after pregnancy, who had a history of preeclampsia and intrauterine death that presented with bilateral visual loss after a seizure.

Management of recurrent optic disc pit-associated maculopathy with human amniotic membrane graft in a pediatric case.

Background: Optic disc pit-associated maculopathy (ODP-M) is a rare presentation in children. Therefore, only a few pediatric cases successfully managed have been reported in the literature. This video shows successful management of ODP-M with human amniotic membrane graft in a pediatric case presenting with recurrence with intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT).