Conversion surgery after gemcitabine and cisplatin plus durvalumab for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A case report.

Background: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy has shown promising results for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). Based on the results of the TOPAZ-1 trial, a gemcitabine and cisplatin plus durvalumab (GCD) regimen was recently approved as first-line therapy for patients with advanced BTC. However, post-GCD conversion surgery has not been previously studied.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Malignant Cutaneous Adnexal Tumors: A Retrospective Study Using a Japanese Database.

Malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors (MCATs) are rare. Previous population-based studies to determine the clinical features and prognosis of MCATs mainly included Caucasian patients, and the characteristics of Asian patients with MCATs have not yet been investigated. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of Asian patients with MCAT using a Japanese database.

[A New Molecular Targeted Agent for Gastric Cancer-The Anti-Claudin 18.2 Antibody, Zolbetuximab].

The standard first-line treatment for unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer(GC)and gastroesophageal junction cancer(GEJC)has been a platinum doublet chemotherapy. Trastuzumab with chemotherapy is the standard regimen for HER2-positive GC/GEJC. While, for HER2-negative cases, chemotherapy with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)such as nivolumab or pembrolizumab are regarded as the standard therapy.

Establishment and characterization of a novel patient-derived cell line from conventional central grade 3 chondrosarcoma, NCC-CS1-C1.

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant tumor that produces cartilaginous matrix and is the second most common primary bone sarcoma. CS encompasses a range of histological subtypes, with high-grade conventional central CS being particularly rare, occurring at a rate of 1.81 cases per 1 million person-years.

Real-World Study of EGFR-TKI Rechallenge With Another TKI After First-Line Osimertinib Discontinuation in Patients With EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Subset Analysis of the Reiwa Study.

Introduction: First-line osimertinib is widely used to treat patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). In clinical practice, rechallenge therapy with another EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is often performed after first-line TKI discontinuation owing to resistance or toxicity; however, the efficacy and toxicity of EGFR-TKI rechallenge after first-line osimertinib have not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKI rechallenge with another TKI.

Usefulness of a new anthropomorphic phantom simulating the chest and abdomen regions in PET tests.

Objective: To investigate the clinical utility of a new anthropomorphic phantom that reproduces the chest and abdomen better than the conventional National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) body phantom, count rates and image quality of PET images obtained from patients were evaluated.

Methods: Anthropomorphic phantoms were used to include radioactivity in the lung, liver, kidney, and background regions. Two NEMA body phantoms were used for chest and abdominal assessments.

Cisplatin- or Carboplatin-Based Chemotherapy Plus Pembrolizumab in Advanced Urothelial Cancer: Exploratory Analysis From the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-361 Study.

Introduction: KEYNOTE-361 evaluated first-line pembrolizumab with and without platinum-based chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The primary end points of progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) were not met. Exploratory analysis of efficacy by platinum agent (cisplatin or carboplatin) is reported.

Anatomical recognition artificial intelligence for identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve during endoscopic thyroid surgery: A single-center feasibility study.

Background: We investigate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during endoscopic thyroid surgery and evaluated its accuracy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we develop an AI model using a dataset of endoscopic thyroid surgery videos, including hemithyroidectomy procedures performed between April 2019 and September 2023 at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. Semantic segmentation deep learning methods were applied to analyze the endoscopic thyroid surgery videos.

Drug-resistant F V600E-mutant recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, CNS WHO Grade 3 successfully resolved with incidental discontinuation of combined BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy.

Background: Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitor holds promise for treating gliomas harboring the V600E mutation; however, the development of acquired resistance remains a challenge.

Case Description: We describe a case of repeated recurrent mutant pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (central nervous system World Health Organization grade 3) treated with combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitor. The patient received dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor); however, she developed resistance to the combination therapy.

Spatially resolved gene expression profiling of tumor microenvironment reveals key steps of lung adenocarcinoma development.

The interaction of tumor cells and their microenvironment is thought to be a key factor in tumor development. We present spatial RNA profiles obtained from 30 lung adenocarcinoma patients at the non-invasive and later invasive stages. We use spatial transcriptome sequencing data in conjunction with in situ RNA profiling to conduct higher resolution analyses.

Optimizing the planning process in computed tomography-based image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for cervical cancer using a spreadsheet-based daily dose management system.

This study developed a system to reduce the treatment planning time for cervical cancer brachytherapy. An in-house Excel spreadsheet was developed to streamline dosimetric evaluation by combining external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy doses, while also displaying daily dose constraints, a novel feature of the system. This system was validated in 46 consecutive patients who underwent intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy using several applicators and required more complex dose calculation procedures than intracavitary brachytherapy alone.

An international study of clinical, demographic, and competence-related determinants of communication with professionals.

Purpose: This study aims to identify a combination of clinical, demographic, and patient competence determinants of patients' communication with doctors and nurses in an international sample of cancer patients.

Methods: For our cross-sectional study, cancer patients assessed their communication with their doctors or nurses at the start of their treatment. Patients completed EORTC communication questionnaire QLQ-COMU26 to assess ten areas of communication with their doctor or nurses plus another item to assess how competent they felt when communicating with professionals.

Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: 5-year follow-up from the randomized phase III KEYNOTE-177 study.

Background: Results from the phase III KEYNOTE-177 study established pembrolizumab as a new first-line standard of care for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Previous results from KEYNOTE-177 showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy ± bevacizumab/cetuximab in MSI-H/dMMR mCRC. Results after >5 years of follow-up are reported.

Chronological evolution in liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: Prognostic trends across three decades in early to advanced stages.

Background: While liver resection remains the best curative option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is unclear whether the consistent progress of multidisciplinary approaches in managing HCC over several decades has influenced the outcomes of liver resection.

Methods: Patients undergoing liver resection for HCC from 1993 to 2022 in our institution were retrospectively assessed and stratified into three periods according to the year of liver resection, P1 (1993-2000), P2 (2001-2009), and P3 (2010-2022), and tumor status using the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system.

Results: A total of 1257 patients were included (P1:P2:P3 = 385:490:382, BCLC stage 0/A:B:C = 908:214:135).

Unveiling the swirl sign: A radiologic-pathologic correlation in deep angiomyxoma.

Deep angiomyxoma (DA) is a rare, slow-growing soft tissue tumor typically affecting women of reproductive age. Despite its benign histology, it poses significant clinical challenges due to local invasiveness and high recurrence. Accurate diagnosis through radiologic imaging, particularly MRI, is essential for guiding treatment.

Prospective study of once-daily accelerated partial breast irradiation using 3-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy for Japanese women: 12-year outcomes, toxicity, and cosmesis.

Background: To analyze in a prospective study the long-term safety and efficacy of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) for Japanese women with early breast cancer.

Methods: Breast cancer patients with pathological tumor size ≤ 3 cm, age ≥ 20 years, lumpectomy with at least a 5 mm margin, and ≤ 3 positive axillary nodes were eligible. APBI was delivered by 3D-CRT at a dose of 38.

Key Therapeutic Agents for Thymic Carcinoma in Real-world Clinical Practice.

Background/aim: Thymic carcinoma is a rare cancer with poor prognosis in unresectable cases. Treatment efficacy of carboplatin+paclitaxel (CP), lenvatinib, S-1, and sunitinib remains uncertain, with some patients experiencing increased post-treatment liver metastasis.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with metastatic thymic carcinoma who received chemotherapy between 2006 and 2023 at the National Cancer Center Hospital.

Comparison of outcomes between surgery and chemoradiotherapy after endoscopic resection for pT1a-MM with lymphovascular invasion or pT1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Japanese multicenter propensity score-matched study.

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or pT1b is noncurative after endoscopic resection (ER) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and therefore surgery or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is recommended. However, there has been debate regarding which treatment has better outcomes and whether individual risks should be considered.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study conducted at 65 hospitals in Japan.

Limited diagnostic performance of imaging evaluation for staging in gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma: a multi-center study.

Purpose: The purposes of the study are to assess the diagnostic performance of preoperative imaging for staging factors in gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA) and to compare the performance for GEA with that of usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA) among patients preoperatively deemed locally early stage (DLES) (< T2b without distant metastasis).

Materials And Methods: For this multi-center retrospective study, 58 patients were enrolled. All had undergone MRI with or without CT and FDG PET-CT preoperatively and had been pathologically diagnosed with GEA at five institutions.

Efficacy of CBP/p300 Dual Inhibitors against Derepression of KREMEN2 in cBAF-Deficient Cancers.

In this study, we clarified that the cBAF subcomplex is deficient in the SWI/SNF complex, resulting in dependency on the CBP/p300 paralog pair. Simultaneous inhibitors of the CBP/p300 paralog pair show promise for cBAF-deficient lung cancer, as well as rare cancers such as malignant rhabdoid tumors, epithelioid sarcomas, and synovial sarcomas.

RELAY: Final Overall Survival for Erlotinib Plus Ramucirumab or Placebo in Untreated, EGFR-Mutated Metastatic NSCLC.

Introduction: RELAY, a global double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (NCT02411448) found statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (primary end point) for ramucirumab (RAM) plus erlotinib (ERL) (RAM + ERL) in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.